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Investigation of Lower Limb Injuries in Freestyle and Freestyle Wrestlers and the Relationship Between Neck and Back Pain with Craniovertebral and Lumbosacral Angles
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H Pirani1   , A Basereh2 , K Khoramipour3 |
1- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar University of Maritime and Marine Sciences, Zahedan, Iran , hn.piranis@gmail.com
2- Department of Exercise Physiology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran,
3- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran |
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Abstract: (1830 Views) |
Background & aim: Given the high-impact nature and severe mechanical stresses in wrestling and the high prevalence of spinal injuries, which affect the performance and athletic longevity of wrestlers, as well as the key role of postural abnormalities as a risk factor, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate lower limb injuries in freestyle and freestyle wrestlers and the relationship between neck and back pain with craniovertebral and lumbosacral angles.
Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2023 in Kermanshah, Gilan, and Hamedan provinces. The statistical population included 200 professional wrestlers (100 freestyle and 100 Greco-Roman) from Kermanshah, Gilan and Hamedan provinces. Data were collected through an injury assessment questionnaire, a Spinal Mouse device to measure the lumbosacral angle, and photography with AutoCAD software to measure the craniovertebral angle. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and independent t-tests.
Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference in knee, ankle and toe injuries between freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers (p<0.05). The main mechanisms of injury in freestyle wrestlers were sprains or strains by opponents (39.8%) and falls on the mat (31.2%), while in Greco-Roman wrestlers, falls on the mat (54.8%) were the most common cause of injury. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between craniovertebral angle and neck pain (p=0.002), but no significant difference was found in lumbosacral angle between wrestlers with and without back pain.
Conclusion: Technical differences between freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling lead to different injury patterns in the lower extremities. Poor head and neck posture (craniovertebral angle) was associated with neck pain, while lumbosacral angle had no significant effect on back pain. To reduce injuries, strengthening exercises for the spine and neck muscles and training in correct techniques are recommended.
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| Keywords: Wrestlers' injuries, Craniovertebral angle, Lumbosacral angle, Neck and back pain |
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Full-Text [PDF 509 kb]
(22 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Sport Physiology
Received: 2025/02/5 | Accepted: 2025/10/13 | Published: 2025/10/19
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