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Effects of Short-Interval High-Intensity Interval Training with Passive Recovery on Body Composition, Blood Pressure, and Endothelial Function in Men with Coronary Artery Disease Post-PCI: A Quasi-Experimental Study
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KH Moonikh1   , H Mardaneh Taleshmekaiel2 , M Kashef3 |
1- Department of Physical education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran , kh.moonikh@cfu.ac.ir
2- Department of Physical education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Exercise Physiology, Shahid Rajaei Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: (1924 Views) |
Background & aim: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for cardiac rehabilitation. However, the specific effects of short-interval HIIT protocols utilizing passive recovery on patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension (HTN) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an 8-week short-interval HIIT program on body fat percentage, blood pressure, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in this population.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Twenty-three male participants (aged 45–60 years) with HTN and CAD post-PCI were randomized into an exercise group (n=11) and a control group (n=12). The exercise group underwent an 8-week intervention (3 sessions/week) consisting of short-interval HIIT on a cycle ergometer (30 seconds high intensity:30 seconds passive recovery) for 30 minutes per session. The control group maintained their usual lifestyle without structured exercise. Primary outcomes included body fat percentage (assessed via bioimpedance analysis), blood pressure (digital sphygmomanometer), and endothelial function measured by FMD using Doppler ultrasound. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and paired t-tests.
Results: The exercise group demonstrated significant post-intervention improvements compared to baseline: reductions in body fat percentage (P=0.006), systolic blood pressure (P=0.004), and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.011), alongside a significant increase in FMD (P=0.002). Between-group comparisons (ANCOVA) confirmed that these changes were significantly greater in the exercise group compared to the control group (body fat: P=0.018; SBP: P=0.007; DBP: P=0.024; FMD: P=0.003).
Conclusio: An 8-week short-interval HIIT protocol with passive recovery effectively improves body composition, lowers blood pressure, and enhances endothelial function in men with CAD and hypertension following PCI. These findings support the safety and efficacy of short-interval HIIT as a viable component of cardiac rehabilitation programs for this patient population.
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| Keywords: High-intensity interval training, Coronary artery disease, Endothelial function, Flow-mediated dilation, Blood pressure, Cardiac rehabilitation |
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Sport Physiology
Received: 2025/08/21 | Accepted: 2025/10/4 | Published: 2025/11/29
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