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:: Volume 30, Issue 2 (2-2025) ::
__Armaghane Danesh__ 2025, 30(2): 168-183 Back to browse issues page
The Interaction Effect of Time of Day and Mouth Rinsing with Carbohydrate and Caffeine Solution on Time to Exhaustion, Inflammatory Marker CRP, and Muscle Strength in Female Athletes
N Khorshidian1 , A Zar2 , HR Sadeghipour1
1- Department of Sport Science, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran
2- Department of Sport Science, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran , Salehzar@pgu.ac.ir
Abstract:   (1535 Views)
Background & aim: Carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinses are commonly used to enhance athletic performance. The present study aimed to examine the combined effect of time of day and mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate and caffeine solution on time to exhaustion, levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP), and muscle strength in female athletes.
Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in 2022, twenty-four female athletes aged 20 to 40 years were selected as a research sample through convenience sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups (12 people) and control groups (12 people). Both groups participated in the Bruce Exhaustion Test once at 8 am and once at 6 pm. In a single-blind design, the experimental group gargled 25 cc of a 6% glucose + 1.2% caffeine solution, and the control group gargled 25 cc of distilled water solution in the mouth for 10 seconds every 15 minutes 30 minutes before the start of the test and spit it out. The time to exhaustion, the inflammatory factor CRP, and muscle strength were measured twice in the morning and evening. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and repeated-measures analysis of variance statistical tests.
Results: In the two variables of time to exhaustion and muscle strength, no significant difference was observed between the experimental group and the placebo group and in the morning and evening (p>0.05). However, the effect of time on the CRP variable was significant (p=0.006), such that the CRP level decreased in the morning after exercise compared to the baseline (breakfast) time and was further decreased during the evening exercise. The interaction effect between time and group was significant (p=0.03), such that the decrease in CRP in the experimental group at all three times (baseline, morning, and evening) was significantly lower than that in the control group at all three times, and the effect of group on the CRP variable was significant (p=0.05), and the decrease in CRP in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p=0.01).
Conclusion: The findings suggested that a carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinse could significantly influence the inflammatory response, with a more pronounced effect observed in the evening. This strategy may be beneficial for improving the health and performance of female athletes.
 
Keywords: Circadian rhythm, Carbohydrate, Caffeine, Time to exhaustion, CRP, Muscle strength, Female athletes
Full-Text [PDF 555 kb]   (70 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Nutrition
Received: 2024/10/19 | Accepted: 2025/02/22 | Published: 2025/03/4
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Khorshidian N, Zar A, Sadeghipour H. The Interaction Effect of Time of Day and Mouth Rinsing with Carbohydrate and Caffeine Solution on Time to Exhaustion, Inflammatory Marker CRP, and Muscle Strength in Female Athletes. armaghanj 2025; 30 (2) :168-183
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Volume 30, Issue 2 (2-2025) Back to browse issues page
ارمغان دانش Armaghane Danesh
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