1. issanayake E, Brockman-Schneider RA, Stubbendieck RM, Helling BA, Zhang Z, Bochkov YA, et al. Rhinovirus increases Moraxella catarrhalis adhesion to the respiratory epithelium. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2023; 12: 1060748.## [DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2022.1060748] [PMID] []

2. Spaniol V, Bernhard S, Aebi C. Moraxella catarrhalis AcrAB-OprM efflux pump contributes to antimicrobial resistance and is enhanced during cold shock response. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2015; 59(4): 1886-94. ## [DOI:10.1128/AAC.03727-14] [PMID] []

3. Mohammad Shafiei P, Baserisalehi M, Mobasherizade S. Investigating the Antibiotic Resistance Prevalence and Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of AcrAB-OprM Efflux Pump in Multidrug-resistant in Clinical Isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis in Kazerun City, Iran. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020; 14(5): 388-407. ## [DOI:10.30699/ijmm.14.5.388]

4. Goldstein EJ, Murphy TF, Parameswaran GI. Moraxella catarrhalis, a human respiratory tract pathogen. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2009; 49(1): 124-31. ## [DOI:10.1086/599375] [PMID]

5. Maleki A, Mirnaseri Z, Kouhsari E, Taherikalani M, Pakzad I, Mohammadi J, Sadeghifard N. Asymptomatic carriers of Neisseria meningitidis and Moraxella catarrhalis in healthy children. New Microbes and New Infections 2020; 36: 100691. ## [DOI:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100691] [PMID] []

6. Eghbali M, Baserisalehi M, Ghane M. Distribution of virulence genes in moraxella catarrhalis isolated from clinical samples in the north of Iran. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2019; 21(1): 1-7. ## [DOI:10.5812/ircmj.84125]

7. Szamosvári D, Schuhmacher T, Hauck CR, Böttcher T. A thiochromenone antibiotic derived from the Pseudomonas quinolone signal selectively targets the Gram-negative pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis. Chemical Science 2019; 10(27): 6624-8. ## [DOI:10.1039/C9SC01090D] [PMID] []

8. Tooke CL, Hinchliffe P, Bragginton EC, Colenso CK, Hirvonen VH, Takebayashi Y, Spencer J. β-Lactamases and β-Lactamase Inhibitors in the 21st Century. Journal of Molecular Biology 2019; 431(18): 3472-500. ## [DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.002] [PMID] []

9. Tang P, Shi W, Zeng HL, Ding W, Wang C, Yao KH, Wen DN. Prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis in the nasopharyngeal specimen from 1 082 hospitalized children with respiratory infection and the drug resistance of the isolates. Zhongguo Dang dai er ke za zhi= Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 2016; 18(8): 707-12. ##

10. Khan MA, Northwood JB, Levy F, Verhaegh SJ, Farrell DJ, Van Belkum A, Hays JP. bro β-lactamase and antibiotic resistances in a global cross-sectional study of Moraxella catarrhalis from children and adults. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2010; 65(1): 91-7. ## [DOI:10.1093/jac/dkp401] [PMID]

11. Yamada K, Arai K, Saito R. Antimicrobial susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics and production of BRO β-lactamase in clinical isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis from a Japanese hospital. Journal of Microbiology immunology and infection 2017; 50(3): 386-9. ## [DOI:10.1016/j.jmii.2016.08.003] [PMID]

12. Kownani M, Baserisalehi M, Bahador N. Frequency of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Genes in Pseudomonas Aerugionsa Isolates from Shiraz Hospital, Iran. Journal of Isfahan Medical School 2013; 31(243); 1007- 1017. ##

13. Ghaznavi Rad A, Zarei R, Jafari A, Palizwan MR, Jourabchi A, Moeini L, Rafiei M. Prevalence of moraxella catarrhalis and risk factors for it in patients with respiratory infections referred to Valiasr and Amirkabir hospitals in Arak. Yafte 2005; 7(4): 117-22. ##

14. Sillanpää S, Oikarinen S, Sipilä M, Kramna L, Rautiainen M, Huhtala H, et al. Moraxella catarrhalis might be more common than expected in acute otitis media in young Finnish children. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2016; 54(9): 2373-9. ## [DOI:10.1128/JCM.01146-16] [PMID] []

15. Versi A, Ivan FX, Abdel‐Aziz MI, Bates S, Riley J, Baribaud F, Yasinska V. Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in sputum of severe asthma with inflammasome and neutrophil activation. Allergy 2023; 78(11): 2906-20. ## [DOI:10.1111/all.15776] [PMID]

16. Abdullah FE, Ahuja KR, Kumar H. Prevalence and emerging resistance of Moraxella catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract infections in Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc 2013; 63(11): 1342-4. ##

17. Quiñones D, Llanes R, Toraño G, Pérez M. Nasopharyngeal colonization by Moraxella catarrhalis and study of antimicrobial susceptibility in healthy children from Cuban day-care centers. Archives of Medical Research 2005; 36(1): 80-2. ## [DOI:10.1016/j.arcmed.2004.09.001] [PMID]

18. Denham JD, Nanjappa S, Greene JN. Moraxella species bacteremia in cancer patients: a case series and review of the literature. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 2018; 1;26(4): 188-90. ## [DOI:10.1097/IPC.0000000000000628]

19. Nawa M, Mwansa J, Mwaba J, Kaonga P, Mukubesa AN, Simuyandi M, et al. Microbiologic and virulence characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from Zambian children presenting with acute pneumonia. Pediatric Pulmonology 2022; 57(12): 3084-93. ## [DOI:10.1002/ppul.26138] [PMID]

20. Lobb B, Lee MC, McElheny CL, Doi Y, Yahner K, Hoberman A, et al. Genomic classification and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates associated with paediatric otitis media and upper respiratory infection. BMC Infectious Diseases 2023; 23(1): 596. ## [DOI:10.1186/s12879-023-08560-x] [PMID] []

21. Hare KM, Seib KL, Chang AB, Harris TM, Spargo JC, Smith-Vaughan HC. Antimicrobial susceptibility and impact of macrolide antibiotics on Moraxella catarrhalis in the upper and lower airways of children with chronic endobronchial suppuration. Journal of Medical Microbiology 2019; 68(8): 1140-7. ## [DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.001033] [PMID]

22. Nawa M, Mwansa J, Mwaba J, Kaonga P, Mukubesa AN, Simuyandi M, et al. Microbiologic and virulence characteristics of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from Zambian children presenting with acute pneumonia. Pediatric Pulmonology 2022; 57(12): 3084-93. ## [DOI:10.1002/ppul.26138] [PMID]

23. Shi W, Wen D, Chen C, Yuan L, Gao W, Tang P, et al. β-Lactamase production and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates collected from two county hospitals in China. BMC microbiology 2018; 18: 1-6. ## [DOI:10.1186/s12866-018-1217-5] [PMID] []

24. Guitor AK, Wright GD. Antimicrobial resistance and respiratory infections. Chest 2018; 154(5):1202-12. ## [DOI:10.1016/j.chest.2018.06.019] [PMID]

25. Du Y, Zhou H, Wang F, Liang S, Cheng L, Du X, et al. Multilocus sequence typing-based analysis of Moraxella catarrhalis population structure reveals clonal spreading of drug-resistant strains isolated from childhood pneumonia. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2017; 56(1): 117-24. ## [DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.018] [PMID]