Background & aim: The immune system is involved in numerous activities including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The activities associated with the production of Interferonγ and Interleukin-4. The present study investigated the effect of endurance training on the balance of these two cytokines pays more.

Methods: In the present study, 30 rats were selected and divided into 3 groups of 10: control, endurance and overtraining exercise. Endurance training protocol and overtraining were done for 12 weeks. Endurance training was done with the speed of 10 m/min in first week and 23m/min in last week. Overtraining protocol was done with the speed of 15 m/min in first week and 25 m/min in last week. Speleenectomy was done after interval training protocol, and then Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interferon γ (IFNγ) were evaluated by the Eliza method. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used for data analysis.

Results: The results showed a significant increase in the amount of (IFNγ) and a decrease in the levels of IL4 in endurance training group (p=0.01). The results also exposed an increase in levels of IL4 and decrease IFNγ levels in overtraining group which was significant (p=0.01).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the response to endurance training the amount of IFNγ and in response to overtraining the level of IL-4 was increased.