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Evaluation of dietary caffeine intake in patients with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome compared to the control group: a case-control study
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P Eslamnik   , Sahar Aminzadeh , Fatemeh Bazarganipour , Bahman Panahaneh , Sayed aavahab Taghavi1 |
| 1- , vahab.taghavi@gmail.com |
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Abstract: (10 Views) |
Despite the antioxidant properties of caffeine, evidence regarding its role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains limited and inconsistent, particularly across different phenotypes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between dietary caffeine intake and various PCOS phenotypes.
Methods:
In this case–control study, all female patients attending to the Shahid Jalil Infertility Clinic in Yasuj were evaluated. Participants were assigned to control (healthy women) and case (PCOS) groups after the first visit, based on the Rotterdam criteria (phenotypes A, B, C, and D related to PCOS). Following initial screening, demographic questionnaires and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were administered to assess dietary caffeine intake. Nutrient intake was analyzed using Nutritionist 4 software. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc test and the chi-square test in SPSS version 27.
Finding:
The results of the ANOVA test showed a statistically significant difference in dietary caffeine intake among phenotype A (83.90 ± 6.48), phenotype B (65.44 ± 3.52), phenotype C (72.69 ± 7.97), phenotype D (52.29 ± 3.59), and the control group (45.85 ± 5.85) (P < 0.001). The mean caffeine intake was highest in phenotype A, followed by phenotypes B, C, and D, with the lowest intake observed in the control group. The differences between all groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Conclusion:
The findings indicate that caffeine intake differs significantly across different phenotypes of PCOS, with a decreasing trend from phenotype A to other phenotypes and the control group. This may suggest a potential role of caffeine in modulating metabolic or hormonal characteristics associated with different phenotypes of the syndrome; however, causal interpretation of this relationship requires further investigation.
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| Keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Caffeine, Diet |
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Type of Study: case report |
Subject:
Gynaecology
Received: 2026/05/10 | Accepted: 2026/05/10 | Published: 2026/05/26
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