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A Review of Human Myiasis: Key Aspects of Prevention and Treatment
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Morteza Akbari1   , Jalil Nejati2 |
1- Department of Vector Biology and Control, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
2- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. , jalilnejati@yahoo.com |
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Abstract: (31 Views) |
Background and Aim: Myiasis, a parasitic infestation caused by the invasion of fly larvae into living or necrotic tissues of humans and animals, poses a significant public health threat—particularly in tropical regions and underserved communities. This study aimed to review human myiasis and explore some of its preventive and therapeutic approaches.
Methods: In this narrative review, we systematically searched Persian and English citation databases and indexing platforms. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 53 relevant studies on human myiasis published between 2015 and 2024 were selected for analysis.
Results: Myiasis predominantly occurs in tropical areas with poor sanitation, primarily caused by flies of the Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae families. While larval (maggot) identification in affected tissues remains the gold standard for diagnosis, molecular techniques and imaging modalities prove valuable in complex cases. Environmental sanitation, insect repellents, and community health education emerged as the most effective preventive measures. For treatment, mechanical removal of larvae (through surgery, suction, or spiracle occlusion with petroleum jelly) combined with antiparasitic agents like ivermectin (especially in severe cases) and antibiotics for secondary infections showed optimal outcomes.
Conclusion: Despite its limited prevalence, myiasis requires integrated public health strategies due to its potential severe complications and association with poverty. Combining preventive measures (fly control and sanitation improvement) with precise therapeutic interventions (early diagnosis and complete larval removal) can reduce disease burden. Future prospective studies should evaluate novel treatments and potential medical applications of larvae.
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| Keywords: Myiasis, Flies, Symptoms, Complications, Treatment, Prevention |
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Type of Study: Review Article |
Subject:
Parasitology
Received: 2025/06/30 | Accepted: 2025/12/23 | Published: 2026/02/3
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