---

Abstract Background & aim: Although the relationship between the use of personal protective equipment and the reduction of workplace injuries is well-known the use of these devices during operation by the staff is not so desirable. This study was based on a model of social marketing interventions to increase the use of safety devices and personal protection on the subway-station staff. Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was based on the results of a formative research consisted of a qualitative (exploring employees’ views through focus group discussions) and a quantitative study (measuring attitudes and behaviors by questionnaire and checklist). Based on the formative research findings, a free package includes a helmet with a label containing the message, an anti-cut safety gloves, a dust mask, and an educational pamphlet were delivered to intervention group. After four weeks, the check list of observational behaviors in two constructing stations was completed and the results were compared with before intervention. The data were analyzed by paired t-test, t-test and logistic regression. Results: Three common behaviors were observed among staff not using caps, masks and gloves. The odds ratio for helmet and mask usage in the intervention group was more than other groups. After the intervention, the use of safety helmets and masks significantly increased (p < 0.05). The odds ratio for the use of helmets and masks after intervention in the intervention group was significantly higher than other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The experimental basis of the safety devices and personal protection needs and demands of the audience, material and immaterial costs of the equipment, supplies, and promoting their use in the right place, can encourage the staff to continuously use the safety devices at workplace. Key Words: Workplace, Injuries, Personal Protective Equipment, Social Marketing

---

Abstract
Background & aim: Birth injuries can be defined as a disruption in the function of the baby's body due to adverse events during birth, which can be avoidable or unavoidable. Despite careful antenatal care, birth trauma usually occurs in long and difficult labors or fetal malformations, although it may also occur in deliveries that are initially unproblematic. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the causes of newborn injuries in childbirth processes in the cases referred to the legal medical department of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province, Iran, during the years 2010-2020.

Methods: The present retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with the aim of investigating newborn injuries during childbirth. Its statistical population includes all complaint cases in the fields of gynecology and midwifery in the Forensic Medicine Department of Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad provinces during 10 years (2010-2020). The data collection tool included a checklist and a form containing the desired information, which was prepared and completed by the researcher using the files referred to the Department of Legal Medical Commissions. The collected data were analyzed using chi-square statistical tests.

Results: The results indicated that 58 cases were investigated, 39 babies died at birth or shortly after birth and the reason for their complaint was the death of the baby, 19 babies were born alive and the reason for their complaint was birth injury. Infant injuries include; hypoxic-ischemic as the most common injury; Neuro-skeletal injuries, which include Orb-Duchen's paralysis as the most common injury in this group, and bone fractures, including; Fractures were humerus, clavicle, scapula and femur. 39 babies died, of which 10 babies had nerve damage, 8 people died of meconium aspiration, 4 people died due to asphyxia and other cases, moreover the results exposed that one person had a bruised tissue damage.
 
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the causes of infant mortality and the disorders that occur in them can be influenced by various factors, and by identifying the cause of errors and omissions, preventable maternal and infant complications can be reduced.