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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Opioid dependence has been causing limitation in usage of morphine and other opioid drugs in pain control. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short-term forced exercise on withdrawal syndrome in morphine addicted male rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was done in the physiology research center of Ahwas Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences. Twenty four young male Wistar rats, weighing 200-300gr, were randomly divided into four groups: no addiction and no exercise, no addiction and exercise, addiction and no exercise and addiction and exercise. The exercise groups underwent treadmill forced exercise for ten days. The first five days morphine was administrated (ip) twice daily with increasing dose (5، 10، 20، 40, 50 mg/kg) to addicted groups. Also single dose (50mg/kg) of morphine was administrated to them on the 10th day of exercise. After administration of naloxone hydrochloride the withdrawal symptoms were evaluated for 5 minutes. The findings of this study were analyzed by SPSS software and One- way ANOVA (Tukey) test. Results: The findings of this study showed that the withdrawal symptoms was elevated in exercise and addicted groups in comparison with control group (p<0.05 , p<0.01). However, most of withdrawal symptoms decreased in addicted and exercise group in comparison with addicted and no exercise group (p<0.01, p<0.001). Conclusion: The exercise could increase endogenous opioid and withdrawal symptoms in animals but reduce withdrawal symptoms in addicted and exercise groups compared to addicted and no exercise group. Its mechanism might be related to down regulation and low sensitivity of opioid receptors

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Background and aim: Ovarian pregnancy is an uncommon form of ectopic pregnancy which usually diagnosed so late. The aim of this study is to report a case of ovarian ectopic pregnancy

Case presentation: A 19 years old woman, with a history of polycystic ovary, first pregnancy, gestation age 9 weeks and 4 days, visited the doctor. She was complaining of severe abdomen pain and vaginal spotting and she was bedridden because of threatened miscarriage. She had discharged from hospital with progesterone suppository prescription. Requesting a transvaginal ultrasound and heterogeneous echogenic mass (size18×8/5) was shown near the left ovary. It was shown as ectopic pregnancy. The patient was hospitalized by ectopic pregnancy in ovary diagnosis and she was treated by methotrexate.

Conclusion: In pregnant women that complain of bleeding and spotting in early pregnancy, in addition to threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy should exist even in the absence of clinical symptoms, should be considered.

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Background & aim: The Covid-19 pandemic has presented the world with a wide array of economic, social, political, and health problems. Therefore, providing people with correct and timely information can significantly help disease management and reduce death cases. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiology of Covid-19 in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. 

Methods: The current study descriptive study of the epidemic trend was carried out in 2022. The data was collected by reviewing the valid information collected in the academic headquarters of the control of Kogilouye and Boyer Ahmad province, Iran, and the systems related to this disease in the period of 33 months after the first confirmed case of the disease was identified in the province. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean and frequency percentage.

Results: With the removal of travel restrictions, there was an increase in disease cases in the province. The incidence rate and percentage of positive Covid-19 cases in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province were much higher than the national average. The highest percentage of positive rate in the samples was associated to the month of November 2019 with 56.59% nonetheless the percentage of case fatality rate caused by the disease in the province is lower than the national average (.86 against 1.91 percent). The percentage of Covid-19 related deaths in the province was lower than the national average. At the same time, with an increase in vaccination coverage and the percentage of infection in the province, a decrease in cases of infection, hospitalization, and Covid-19-related death were observed. The comparison of the first and last peaks of the disease in the province demonstrates the marked effect of vaccination.

Conclusion: Encouraging and persuading the community about the importance of vaccination, especially the third round and also the injection of the fourth dose of the Covid-19 vaccination, with the priority of health system personnel and people with underlying diseases, using the capacity of other institutions and organizations, especially the radio and television of the provincial capital is the safest and most optimal means of protection against infection, hospitalization and death caused by Covid-19.