Background & aim: Polyomaviruses (BK) is a comprehensive infection with more than of 80% prevalence in the world. One of the most important reasons of BK virus nephropathy is in the renal transplant recipients and rejection of transplanted tissue between them. Non Coding region of this virus play a regulatory role in replication and amplification of the virus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic patterns of this area in renal graft at Namazi Transplantation Center, Shiraz, Iran. Methods: In the present experimental study, 380 renal allograft serums were collected. DNAs of 129 eligible samples were extracted and evaluated using a virus genome. The presence of the virus was determined by qualitative and sequencing. Of these, 129 samples were tested for the presence of virus according to the condition study, using quantitative, qualitative genomic amplification and sequencing. Results: The study showed symptoms of nephropathy, 76 (58.9%) of them were males and 46 (35.7%) were females with the mean age 38.0±.089 years of age. In general, 46 patients (35.7%) percent) were positive for BK Polyomaviruses. After comparing the genomic sequence with applications of molecular they were categorized in three groups and then recorded in gene bank. Conclusion: About 35% of renal transplant recipients with high creatinine levels were positive for the presence of BK virus. Non-coding region of respondents in the sample survey revealed that among patients with the most common genotypes were rearranged the entire transplant patients were observed at this tranplant center. Examination of these sequences indicated that this rearrangments had a specific pattern, different from the standard strain of archaea type.

Background & aim: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the entrapment of the median nerve in carpal tunnel of the wrist. Symptoms of this syndrome are numbness, tingling, weakness or pain in the fingers and wrist. Treatment includes rest, avoiding the many activities available, splints, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oral steroids, steroid injection in wrist and surgery. This study compared the effects of oral prednisolone and naproxen (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) in the treatment of mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome.

Methods: In the present clinical-trial study, 44 patients who had mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome were selected and randomly assigned into two treatment groups: group 1(n = 22) received naproxen 1000 mg daily for 4 weeks and the group 2 (n = 22) received oral prednisolone 20 mg, daily, in the first 2 weeks and 10 mg daily for 2 weeks. The 3 persons of the second group dropped out of treatment. Re-evaluation of treatment outcome was performed 2 months later. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. To describe the data, frequency tables were used. Furthermore, the Chi-square test was used to analyze the data.

Results: 36(87.8%) of the patients were males and 12.2% were females. The electro diagnostic studies were shown 16 hands (19.5%) normal, 19 hands (23.2%) had mild and 47 (57.3%) had moderate involvement in beginning of treatment. Tingling fingers and pain in the prednisolone group had significantly lower rate than naproxen group (p< 0.05), but the symptoms were not significantly different in the two groups.

Conclusion: The effects of treatments, relief of symptoms and the decrease intensity of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients who received prednisolone were more than naproxen.

Background & aim: Cyclophosphamide is an anti cancer drug which causes alkylation of DNA in cells. The side effects of cyclophosphamide are bone marrow damages and anemia. Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant which widely used in traditional medicine. In this study the hemotopoetic effect of Hypericum perforatum leaf extract (HPE) on bone marrow function and blood parameters in male rat were treated with cyclophosphamide was investigated.

Methods: Forty two male Wistar rats with an average body weight of 220±25 gr were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=7): control group taking normal saline,0.5ml/day, i,p ),witness group taking cyclophosphamide (15mg/kg/day, i.p.), positive control group taking HPE (200mg/kg, i.p/day),  treated groups 1, 2 and 3 recieved cyclophosphamide ,(15mg/kg/day, i.p. + 100mg/Kg, 200mg/Kg and 400mg/kg  HPE /day for 10 days, i,p). At the end of study blood samples were collected from heart directly. RBC, WBC, Hct, Hb and PL were meseaured. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests.

Results: The results indicated that cyclophosphamide caused damage on bone marrow, which in this case significantly reduced the number of blood cells and platelets in the group treated with cyclophosphamide (P<0.001). Blood parameters in the groups treated with HPE increased significantly compared with the group which received cyclophosphamide alone (P<0.001).

Conclusion: The Hypericum perforatum hydoethanolic extract contains antioxidant and flavonoids compounds which could protect the bone marrow tissues against cyclophosphamide.