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Background & aim: The Health Transformation Plan is the latest government implementation plan to reform the health system in Iran. The project has faced numerous challenges in implementation. The purpose of this study was to determine and explain the dimensions and consequences of political geography in the implementation of health transformation plan in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province.
 
Methods: This study is a descriptive and analytical study using structural equation modeling which was conducted among 400 experts and managers in different parts of health system of the province using a structured questionnaire. Sample size was determined by modified Cochran formula. Research data were collected through stratified random sampling in proportion to sample size. Data were analyzed using frequency and mean statistics as well as t-test.
 
Results: A significant relationship among different dimensions of political geography, including political interference (-0.251), modeling from other countries (0.17), lack of access to health services (-0.22), impasse area (239), Ministry of Health executive policies (0.194) and implementation of health transformation plan in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province was seen (p <0.001).
 
Conclusion: Considering the influence of political geographical dimensions on implementation and consequences of health programs, it is recommended to pay more attention to these environmental factors in the design and implementation of these programs. It also seems that aligning the policies of the Ministry of Health with the transformation plan in the province has led to increased access to health services.