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Introduction & Objective: Identification of Lieshmania is based not only on external characteristics, but also on some internal characteristics including molecular structure of the organism. It is necessary to perform these tests with 1010 organisms. In vitro mass cultivation of Leishmania needs different rich liquid culture media with FCS (Fetal Calf Serum) at 22-26°. Thus, introduction of cheap media which can guarantee the growth of parasites seems necessary. This study aimed at introducing of a cheap, simple, and modified blood agar media for mass cultivation of Lesihmania. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, at first the growth rate of of Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica, on blood agar and BHI (Brian Heart Infusion) broth with 20% FCS were compared. Then the schisodeme pattern of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) for Leishmania major cultivated in two cultures was compared. Finally, 40 samples taken from patients suspicious of cutaneous leishmaniasis, referred to Shiraz university in 1380-1381, were cultured in the new introduced media to determine its usefulness for mass cultivation of Leishmania Spp. Results: The promastigote growing ratio in blood agar media and BHI broth for Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica were 5.1, 9.4, and 5.7, respectively after one week for L. major and L.infantum and two weeks for L. tropica. Similarity of leishmania major RFLP schisodeme pattern cultivated on both media revealed unchanged natural characters of the mass cultivated parasites.Ten samples isolated from patients were mass cultivated on NNN and blood agar successfully and all reached 1010 parasite. Conclusion: Use of blood agar media for mass cultivation of Leishmania is a cost-effective method which increases the growth rate of parasite and decreases the risk of contamination.

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Introduction & Objective: Alpha amylase is the most important decomposing enzyme in starch. Digestion and absorption of starch in the intestine can be prevented and also the blood sugar levels can be controlled by restrain and control of alpha amylase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of trans-chalcone on amylase activity, blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic and non diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted in 1388 at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Sixty rats were randomly divided to ten equal groups: non diabetic control, diabetic control, four non diabetic experiments and four diabetic experiments. Control groups received grape seed oil and experimental groups received 2, 8,16 and 32 mg/kg of body weight in a period of 24 days with a gastric cannula. Blood sugar, every two days, serum insulin levels in days 0,12, and 24 and at the end of the experiment, lipoproteins and alpha amylase activity were measured.The data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance, ANOVA, followed by Turkey,s test with SPSS soft ware . Results: On average Chalcone reduced 25.5% of blood sugar in normal and diabetic rats. IT also decreased the serum insulin level. On average, chalcone decreased 34.9% of alpha amylase activity in normal and diabetic rats. Following disturbances in lipids metabolism caused by diabetes, this drug improved lipoproteins metabolism and reduced water, food and urine volume. Conclusion: This study shows that trans-Chalcone reduces blood sugar and body weight via inhibition of alpha amylas. Moreover, improvement of lipoprotein metabolism may happen via the inhibitory effect of this drug on hydroxyl methyl glutaryl -COA reductase and phosphodiesterase.

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Background & aim: Apelin is a newly discovered adipokine which plays an important role in regulation of energy homoeostasis and improvement of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on plasma concentration of apelin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men.

Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, twenty four diabetic men from Ahwaz, Iran, were selected and randomly divided into training (n=12) and control (n=12) group. Anthropometric measures, body composition and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the subjects were measured by using a modified Bruce continuous aerobic exercise training was performed during 8 week (3 session per week, 20-45 min per session, 40%- 70% HRmax). Before, and 48 hours after the last training session, plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and apelin were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Data analysis was used by T-tests, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient and the significant level of p<0/05 was considered.

Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in plasma concentration of glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR, and a significant increase in plasma concentration of apelin was observed in training group compared with pretest and control group. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship between plasma concentration of apelin and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks aerobic training was found.

Conclusion: It seems that low to moderate intensity continuce areobic exercise training has significant effect on the amount of plasma apelin in type 2 diabetic men. Continuous aerobic exercise may be effective in improving the insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic men.

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Abstract:

Background and aim: Lack of physical activity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pulmonary function and sleep quality, but with regular physical activity, may reduce many of these risk factors. The aim of this study was to find the effects of aerobic training on serum levels of nitric oxide, pulmonary function parameters and quality of sleep in women with type 2 diabetes.

 

Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 20 type 2diabetic women were selected and randomly assigned into two exercise (n = 12) and control (n = 8) groups. Aerobic training program was performed for six weeks (4 times a week, with 50% to 80% heart rate reserve) who receive the time and intensity of exercise (50 to 80 HRR) was added. Main aerobic exercises presented in the form of 6 chain, each chain includes 32 motion. FVC, FEV1 Indices and nitric oxide levels were measured before and after the intervention and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires were used to assess sleep quality. Statistical analysis were analyzed using t-test, analysis of covariance and correlation coefficient.

 

Results: Six weeks of aerobic exercise indicated a significant reduction in sleep quality scores and but a significant increase in the concentration of nitric oxide and lung volumes (FVC and FEV1) compared to the control group (p≤ 0.05), but no significant relationship between lung volumes and a score of sleep quality was observed.

 

Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise training can have a considerable impact on serum nitric oxide pulmonary functions and thereby improve the sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

 

 

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ABSTRACT
 
Background and aim: Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and multiple metabolic such as insulin resistance and hyperhomocysteinemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of regular aerobic exercise along with vitamin C consumption on the homocysteine levels and insulin resistance in obese girls.
 
Methods: In the present semi-experimental study, 28 obese girls aged 8 to 12 years and body mass index 95% were selected and randomly divided as follow: control, exercise training, vitamin C and exercise training+ vitamin C (combined) groups. Aerobic exercise was consisted of exercise movements at 50% to 70% maximal heart rate and 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Vitamin C and combined groups consumed 500mg vitamin C tablets every other day. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 48 hour after the last intervention. For statistical analysis, One Way Analysis Variance (ANOVA), post hoc Tukey and independent t-test were used.
 
Results: Eight weeks of aerobic exercise, vitamin C and the combined intervention were resulted a significant decrease in the levels of glucose, insulin, homocysteine and insulin resistance in obese girls (P<0.05). Furthermore each of three interventions was associated with a significant percent changes in these veraibles compared with control group. But the effect of combined intervention on the decrease in these variables were greater compared with other interventions (p<0.05).
 
Conclusion: These findings suggested that both of aerobic exercise and vitamin C consumption non-drug can cause down regulation of homocysteine and insulin resistance levels in obese girls. Thus, the combined effect of regular aerobic exercise and vitamin C intervention is associated with the augmentation of these effects.
 
 

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Abstract
Background & aim: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease which damages the central nervous system. Disruption of walking is one of the characteristics of multiple sclerosis. Currently, exercise training is known as an effective tool in the rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect(s) of aerobic training with/without blood flow restriction on the length and balance of women with multiple sclerosis.
 
Methods: In a Quasi-experimental study, a pre and post-test design, 24 volunteers with disability degree between 4-1 (height: 159.5 ± 7.27 cm, weight: 61.54 ± 8.58 kg, age: 37.08 ± 8.23 ​​years) were randomly divided into two equal groups: aerobic training without blood flow restriction and blood flow restriction (BFR) aerobic training group. Both groups were ridden for 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week on a bicycle (3 times 6 minutes with 1 minute rest between turns and HR60 6560 percent).  To limitation of  the blood flow a cuff was used on the upper part of the foot with a pressure of 96 ± 10 mmHg. In order to measure step length and balance, the camera and leaf balance scale were used respectively. Data were analyzed using covariance and Bonferroni post hoc.
 
Results: The results indicated that both types of exercises significantly increased the left foot stroke length (p <0.05) and balance (p <0.05) in patients with multiple sclerosis, but a significant decreased was seen on the right foot stroke (P <0.05) . Also, there was no significant difference between the effect of two types of exercises on the length of left and right foot steps and the balance.
 
Conclusion: It seems both types of aerobic training, with and without blood flow limitation, improve the balance in patients with multiple sclerosis, but their effect on the length of the step needs to be further investigated.
 
 
 

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Background & aim: Impulsivity is one of the most important behavioral indicators of people with substance abuse, which has been studied despite its low importance. Thus, considering the importance of studying this variable, the present study aimed to determine the mediating role of drug consumption indicators in the relationship between trait impulsivity and emotional disregulation with state impulsivity in chronic methamphetamine users.

Methods: The present study was an analytical and cross-sectional study and belonged to the correlation schemes in terms of data collection and analysis methods. The statistical population included all men consuming methamphetamine who lived in addiction treatment camps in Tehran. From this statistical population, a sample of 300 people was selected using the available sampling method and these individuals were assessed using the data sampling test, difficulty scale in emotional regulation and short form of impulsive behavior scale. Data were analyzed using correlation test and path analysis.
 
Results: The findings indicated that the proposed model had a favorable fit with the data (c = 0.42 df, CFI = 1, TLI = 1.0, SRMR=0.01 and RMSEA=0.01). Duration of methamphetamine consumption (p <0.05, β = 0.12), duration of abstinence (p<0.01, β = 0.28), difficulty in purposeful behavior (p<0.05, = 0.20) β), difficulty in controlling impulses (p<0.05, β=0.20) and lack of emotional clarity (p<0.05, β = 0.18) have a significant effect, difficulty in purposeful behavior(05/05). p<, β=0.05, difficulty in controlling impulses (p<0.05, β=0.05), lack of reflection (p<0.05, β=0.06) and excitability ( P<0.05, b = 0.03) had a significant indirect effect on impulsivity.
 
Conclusion: The impulsiveness of adjective imperfections and disturbances in emotional regulation directly and indirectly affected the impulsiveness of the state in methamphetamine users. The duration of methamphetamine use and the duration of abstinence not only had a direct effect on state impulsivity, but also mediated the effect of other variables on this variable.

 

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Backgrounds: Finding an efficient biomarker or combination of them as predictors of early-onset neonatal sepsis is very important. On the other hand, the use of umbilical cord blood samples in laboratory tests, along with its simplicity and availability, reflects neonate metabolic status.
 
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between umbilical cord blood laboratory findings with early onset neonatal sepsis.
 

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, we evaluated 180 neonates, 90 infants susceptible to early onset sepsis, and 90 healthy neonates who were admitted in neonatal and  neonatal intensive care unit wards, between January 2015 and 2016   at Kosar Hospital. The data from these participants were obtained by a check list including  gender,  birth weight, gestational age, white blood cell count, neutrophil counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and reactive protein C (CRP) levels. Both descriptive and statistical analysis methods were applied. P value less than  0.05, statistically was significant. 

 
 
Results: Mean of ESR and neutrophil count in cord blood sample of suspected sepsis neonates was higher than well baby.  The mean of CRP levels in cord blood sample of suspected sepsis neonates slightly was higher than well baby. But there was no statistically significant difference between the CRP levels in both groups.
 
 
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that  the laboratory findings used in combination with each other as an early predictor of neonatal sepsis was  reliable.