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Introduction & Objective: The function and transparency of the lens actually diminishes with aging as a result, external intervention is necessary to amend it. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of vitreous humor on the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to lens fiber like cells. Materials & Methods: The present experimental study was conducted at Tarbiat Moallem University in 2010. Bone marrow was collected from tibias in NMRI mice and then cultured. Immuno-cytochemistery was done to confirm the mesenchymal stem cells using Oct4 antibody. Subsequently, MSCs were treated with bovine vitreous body for 7 and 21 days. The morphology of the MSCs to the lens fibers were studied using Phase Contrast Microscope. Results: During the primary culture, the cell population was heterogeneous and in the subsequent passages, the number of the spindle-shaped cells increased. Immuno-cytochemistery study confirmed the MSCs. Morphological studies showed that most cells in the experimental group were locally longer and more aligned in parallel compared to control group cells. Moreover, lens fiber like with large nuclei and multiple nucleoli was observed. Furthermore, the concentration of 25% of vitreous body had more induction effect on MSCs in comparison with the 50% concentration. Conclusion: The MSCs derived from mouse bone marrow could differentiate into lens fiber like cells by treating them with vitreous humor.

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Abstract Background & aim: The genus Pistacia belonging to the Anacardiaceae family which consists of 15 species only three species of which, namely Pistacia vera, Pistacia Atlantica, ,and Pistacia Khinjuk grow in Iran. The aim of present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of Pistacia Atlantica fruit hydroalcoholic extract in Yasuj. Methods: In the present experimental study, the extract was carried out with two, maceration and Soxhlet methods. For in vitro antioxidant assay, (trolex equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) phosphomolybdenum (PMB) was conducted. For determination of antioxidant components, total phenolic and flavonoids contents were analyzed in in vitro assay. To evaluate the antioxidant activity by In Vivo method, the hydro alcoholic extract, having the most antioxidant activity, was used. 24 Wistar rats with the weight 250-300 g were examined that were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6. Group 1 (control group) used distilled water by oral route with amount of 0.5 ml/kg. Groups 2, 3, and 4 used 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of Pistacia Atlantica hydro alcoholic extract by gavages, respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment, blood samples were collected by heart puncture. Catalase enzyme activity, Mallon dialdehyde and Ferric reducing antioxidant power were measured in rats’ plasma. ANOVA was used for data analysis. Results: Methanol extract of Pistacia Atlantica contained the maximum amount of phytochemical and antioxidant activities. A significant decrease was observed in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) of the treatment group compared to the control group (P<001).There was a significant increase in level of Catalase and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of treatment groups compared to the control group (P<001). Conclusion: Pistacia Atlantica extracts depending on type and system of extraction contains different antioxidant potential. Key words: Antioxidant Activity, Pistacia Atlantica, Catalase, MDA, lipid Peroxidation

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Background and aim: Mesenchymal stem cells were separated from bone marrow by Friedenstein et al. for the first time. In addition to their cohesion, mesenchymal properties of the cells were proven by surface markers. The aim of this study was to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from mouse bone marrow cultures and some surface markers in the obtained cells were expressed. Methods: In this study, bone marrow cells in the femur and tibia bones were isolated from NMRI mice. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated to the bottom of culture dish based on cohesion properties. In addition to their cohesion, mesenchymal properties of the cells were proven by CD73, CD44, CD90, CD31, CD45 and CD29 markers, after the fourth passage using flow cytometry. Results: In the primary culture, a heterogenous population of flattened, spindle and multi-faceted cells were observed. Spindle-shaped cells increased in later passages, so that almost all of third passage cells were spindle-shaped. Flow cytometry analysis of surface markers revealed high level mesenchymal stem cells from the fourth passage markers CD44, CD73 and CD29, and, low level of CD31, CD45 and CD90 markers. Conclusion: It can be concluded that MSCs derived from bone marrow mouse have some positive and negative surface markers with high and low expression, respectively. The expression rate of these markers proves the mesenchymal properties of cells. Keyword: Bone Marrow, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Surface Markers

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Background & aim: Human errors, which can be caused by factors such as mental and personality conditions, are the most important factors causing irreparable loss of life and property in traffic accidents. Depression is one of the most common and complex medical and social issues, and if left untreated, it can affect a person's abilities. The aim of this study was to determine and investigate the prevalence of background depression and related factors in drivers of passenger cars with an accident, Trauma Center.
 
Methods:The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study of 195 drivers with a car accident in the first half of 2018 at Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Demographic information was collected by a questionnaire and depression was collected by a Beck questionnaire. The questionnaire took an average of 10 minutes to complete. The questionnaire was conducted by a physician who was familiar with the interview. The presence and severity of depression were measured based on this questionnaire and based on the score obtained from the Beck test in the category of very mild or normal depression (grades 1 to 10), mild (11 to 16), borderline and need for counseling (17 to 20), moderate or they were depressed (21 to 30), severely depressed (31 to 40) and overly depressed (41 to 63). Version 3.6.1 R software was used to analyze the data. Based on the type of data collected, statistical tests were used for student analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirinov, Spearman, Mann Whitney, Croscale Wallis, Fisher's meta-analysis or accurate test for analysis.
 
Results: The results indicated that the average age of drivers was 37.6 years. 55.36% of the study population were married, 46.67% had a university degree, 89.33% of the study population had a normal and low level of economic satisfaction and more than 60% of them did not have job satisfaction. The average depression score was based on the Beck 16 questionnaire, and only 28% of drivers were depressed and healthy, and about 14.36 percent had an alcohol consumption culture.
 
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the prevalence of depression in drivers in Yasuj was high, out of 9 factors studied, only four factors of smoking, alcohol consumption, economic status and job satisfaction showed a significant correlation between depression and depression. Contrary to popular belief and culture that alcohol is not consumed, consumption among drivers with accidents was widespread.