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Introduction & Objective: There are several indicators for determination of health status and one of the most important one is birth weight of newborns which is connected to nutrition quality, care during pregnancy, maternal health quality, growth trend, and natural development. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of maternal risk factors, especially domestic violence, on birth weight of infants in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad during 2004-2005. Material & Methods: This is a prospective case control study. The case group consisted of 318 mothers having infants with birth weight less than 2500 and the control group consisted of 318 mothers having normal weight at birth. This study curried on the regions urban and rural Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province from march to September 2005. Data were collected using a questionnaire and via interview. Statistical analysis was performed using T test, ، binary logistic regression, especially multiple logistic regression models. Results: The mean of birth weight was 2217±324g in case group and 3390 ±392g in control group and the mean of birth height was 46.7±4cm in case group and 49.7 ±3 cm in control group. In multiple regression model, five variables showed significant correlation with birth weight which were include: multiparus [OR = 50, CI (6.5 – 84.3)], gestational age (weeks) [OR = 5.9, CI (2.69 – 12.92)], interval between pregnancy (year) [OR = 0.46, CI (0.29 – 0.72)], birth order [OR = 0.38, CI (0.25 – 0.57)], physical violence [OR = 3, CI (2 – 4.21)]. Conclusion: A strong correlation was found between gestational ages of pregnancy with LOW. The mean of birth weight rise with increasing of birth order. Considering the type of violence, only physical violence in multiple logistic regression models had a statically significant relationship with low birth weight.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Domestic violence is a serious public health problem for many women.The prevalence rate of domestic violence in couples is of different degrees. Effective factors of abuse for women are dependent on demographic and economic status of society. Types of violence include physical, sexual, emotional, and economical abuse. Material & Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was done on 517 women. Data were collected by a questionnair and then analysed by descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: Findings of this study showed that prevalence rate of domestic violence was 77.4%, and during pregnancy it was 8%. Common types of abuse were: verbal (69.5%), emotional (52.2%), physical (36.4%) and sexual (22.2%). A correlation was found between education, Job, income and addiction of husband and exerting violence. Correlation was also found between the type of abuse and woman’s age, time of marriage, number of children(p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the most common types of abuse were verabal, emotional, physical and sexual. Results also showed that there was a significant difference between Job, income and educational level of couples and husband’s addiction with violence. Also a significant difference was found between age, time of marriage, number of children and the type of violence. Results appear to Justify the necessity for family consultation and education of the girls at highschool and before marriage in order to promote women’s health.

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Background & aim: Violence against women is always of social problems which faced the individual and social health of community members. The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial factors affecting violence against women in the Nurabad. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on a year of their lives of married women in Nurabad city in 2014 with the level of primary education or more. The assessment tool was questionnaire and 400 students were selected by cluster sampling method. Variations of gender orientation, decision-making power of women and social class of respondents were assessed. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with the aggregate variables and regression analyses were used to design a model. Results: The correlation of sexual orientation or violence against women and to the decision-making power or violence against women were 0.731and 0.657 respectively. Variable social base - economic variables on the variables of gender orientation 0.384 and on the decision-making power of women 0.295 were affected. It also showed that the variables of gender orientation at the rate of 0.423 will predict the changes in the decision-making power of women. Conclusion: Variable of gender orientation, decision-making and social class as factors determining violence against women and its incidence in the family.

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Background & aim: Due to the adverse effects of domestic violence and trauma on women's physical and psychological health, the aim of this study was to investigate post-traumatic biological experiences in women victims of domestic violence. The aim of the present study was to determine and post-traumatic biological experiences in women victims of domestic violence.
 
Methods: In the present qualitative study conducted with the content analysis approach in 2021, the data were analyzed through secondary data analysis, semi-structured interviews with 50 women victims of domestic violence by thematic analysis.The basic theory method was collected using theoretical sampling at each stage according to the analysis of previous data from women who wished to do the interview. Data in this study were analyzed by Corbin and Strauss methods.
                   
Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of 3 explanatory categories, 20 interpretive categories and 64 descriptive categories, which were: 1. Post-traumatic behaviors experienced (coping behaviors, vengeful behaviors, turning to alcohol and smoking, affecting physiological responses, suicide attempts, and passive behaviors), 2. Post-traumatic emotions experienced (low self-esteem) , Fear, anger, hatred and lack of pleasure in life) and 3. Thoughts experienced after trauma (constant fear, feeling of helplessness and misery, wishing to die, hating being a woman, comparing oneself with others, hating oneself, thinking about divorce , the desire to kill a wife, lack of love for children, desire for betrayal, contemplating suicide, indifference, remorse for marriage, thinking of revenge and hatred of men.
 
Conclusion: Based on these results, women exposed to domestic violence have many problems in the area of experienced behavior, experienced emotions and thoughts experienced after traumatic experiences. These findings can be useful in assessing the risk, determining treatment pathways, and managing domestic violence in women victims.
 
 

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Background & aim: Domestic violence has been one of the most common social harms throughout human history, and due to its widespread effect, the pathology and treatment of this phenomenon has always been the focus of therapists. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the revised protocol of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological distress and immunoglobulin A concentration in women victims of domestic violence.
 
Methods: The present semi-experimental study conducted in 2019 used a pre-test-post-test method with a control group. The statistical population included women who were victims of domestic violence referring to the Family Court, Health House, Warm House and Counseling Centers in Alborz, Karaj Province, and 40 people were randomly selected from among these people by available sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups. Data were collected by domestic violence questionnaire, psychological distress and immunoglobulin concentration level test in three stages and one-month follow-up for both groups. In the experimental group, the cognitive-behavioral protocol focused on trauma was implemented during 8 sessions (one 90-minute session per week). The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of analysis of covariance and repeated measures analysis.
 
Results: The findings indicated that cognitive behavioral therapy focused on trauma between the two groups for the components of depression F=35.62 at the 0.001 level, anxiety F=32.38 at the level of 0.001, and stress F=25.96 at the 0.001 level. The level of 0.001 psychological distress has created a significant difference at the level of 0.001, F = 11.85.
 
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from the present research, it can be acknowledged that the revised protocol of cognitive-behavioral therapy focused on trauma reduces psychological distress and increases immunoglobulin A in women who are victims of domestic violence.
 

 

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Background & aim: In recent years, violence against women has been an important problem in developing and developed countries; In such a way that the World Health Organization has declared domestic violence as a public health epidemic. Violence against women is a complex social phenomenon with psychological, physical, and moral damage. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the prevalence of domestic violence and its related factors in married women aged 18-49 years in Yasuj, Iran.

Methods: The present cross-sectional (descriptive-analytic) study was conducted by simple random sampling, with 384 married women aged 18-49 years with a minimum of one-year marriage were enrolled from four urban health centers. Data were collected using demographic and domestic violence (33 questions in physical, verbal, emotional and financial aspects) questionnaires. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 23 software using descriptive and analytic (logistic regression) statistics.

Results: The mean age of women was 29.32 ± 5.89 years, the mean age of marriage was 21.55 ± 4.20 years. The mean age and marriage age of the husbands were 33.92 ± 6.62 and 26.47 ±4.28 years, respectively. About 90 women had experienced domestic violence during their lifetime. The most common types of violence were verbal (80), emotional (73), financial (48) and physical (22), respectively. The most common form of verbal violence was yelling (29) and verbal arguments (21). The most common form of emotional violence was the husband's interference in the relationship between the wife and her family members (18), the husband's dominance and the expectation of the wife's obedience (17). The most common form of financial violence was reluctantly paying alimony to the wife (12) and also the husband making financial decisions without asking the wife’s opinion (10). The most common form of physical violence was pushing (11.5), slapping (9) and throwing objects (9). According to logistic regression analysis, husband's age at marriage was the only predictive factor of domestic violence against women (Exp β =0/925, CI_0/95 Expβ=0/86-0/99, Sig= 0/0025).

Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of domestic violence against women, especially verbal and emotional violence, teaching life skills, especially communication skills in marital life, is necessary in premarital counseling.

 

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Background & aim: Marital violence is a social and psychological problem which has profound and negative effects on individuals' mental and physical health and can lead to a desire for separation and divorce, and consequently negative consequences for couples and children. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on marital violence and the desire for separation in couples seeking divorce.

Methods: The present study applied a quasi-experimental, semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test structure, including a control group. The statistical sample consisted of 40 individuals selected from all couples seeking divorce in Yasuj, Iran, who were referred to family counseling centers in the first three months of 2023. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of 20, comprising the ACT-based couples therapy group (10 couples) and the control group (10 couples), which did not receive any treatment. Before and after the therapeutic interventions, participants responded to the Zarei Divorce Desire Scale and the Couple Abuse Questionnaire developed by Ghahari and colleagues. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests, specifically Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).

Results: Results from the MANCOVA indicated that ACT-based couples therapy positively impacted the reduction of marital violence and its dimensions, including physical and emotional violence, in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, it did not have a significant effect on reducing sexual violence. The effect size for the reduction of marital violence was 0.281, with a greater impact observed on physical violence. Additionally, ACT-based couples therapy positively influenced the reduction of the desire for separation and its dimensions (desire to exit the relationship and desire for reconciliation) in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05), and its effect was (0.773).

Conclusion: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can effectively reduce marital violence and the desire for separation among couples by focusing on the acceptance of negative emotions and thoughts and enhancing commitment to shared values and goals. This approach provides couples with tools to address their emotional challenges in a healthier manner and improve their relationships.

 

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Background & aim: Nowadays, there are factors that cause nervous tension in the lives of all people and it has created problems for children in families, domestic violence sometimes occurs in families due to the mutual understanding of parents and children, which leads to thoughts It becomes negative in children such as suicide. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of psychological empowerment training and schema therapy on psychological resilience and suicidal ideation of teenage girls who were victims of domestic violence in Dehdasht, Iran.

Methods: The present quasi-experimental study consisted of a three-stage design (pre-test-post-test-follow-up) and three groups with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included teenage girls who were victims of domestic violence in Dehdasht, Iran, in the second half of 2022. A total of 45 participants were randomly selected in three groups of 15 people each; psychological empowerment training experiment, schema therapy, and control. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of analysis of variance with a mixed design and Bonferroni post hoc test.

Results: The results indicated that psychological empowerment training and schema therapy on psychological resilience (Eta=0.43, p>0.00123 F=34), suicidal ideation (Eta=0.45 p>0.001, F=21.32) and cognitive fusion (Eta=0.44, p>0.00112 F=19) of adolescent girls who were victims of violence. Home had a significant effect and this effect has continued. Moreover, the results of the follow-up test indicated that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of psychological empowerment training and schema therapy on psychological resilience, suicidal ideation, and cognitive fusion of adolescent girls who are victims of domestic violence (p<0.05). In this manner, psychological empowerment training was more effective than schema therapy and has continued.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, considering the greater effectiveness of psychological empowerment training on increasing psychological resilience and reducing suicidal thoughts and cognitive fusion in adolescent girls who were victims of domestic violence, it is suggested that special attention be paid to psychological empowerment in adolescents who are victims of violence.