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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objectives: It has been reported that diabetes mellitus results in alterations in plasma level of some essential trace elements like magnesium. Magnesium is suspected to have a role in pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive, cross–sectional study, the plasma level of magnesium was measured in 90 diabetic patients in diabetes clinic in Gorgan city, North of Iran. After filling in a form consisted of demographic variables, plasma level of magnesium was measured using spectrophotometer. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was also measured as a glycemic control index. Collected data were analyzed, using χ2, T-test & one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean concentration of magnesium was within normal range. Hypomagnesemia was seen in 43 cases (47.8%). Most of hypomagnesemic patients (69.8%) were 41-60 years old. Mean magnesium level revealed no significant difference between two sexes (p>0.05). In higher educated subjects mean plasma level of magnesium was lower compared with others (p>0.05). Conclusion: In respect to high rate of hypomagnesemia in our diabetic patients, we recommend that useful information about food resources of magnesium like vegetables, seafood, seeds and nuts be given to diabetic patients .

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease of human with prevalence of 1 to 4 percent. Peripheral neuropathy is one of the chronic complications of diabetes and its prevalence is not properly known, but worldwide is from 5 to 66 percent. The prevalence of this complication is not known in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in definite cases of diabetes type 2 and related factors in Dena town-ship in fall 2004. Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study that 40 definite cases of type 2 diabetes )28 females and 12 males( whose duration of disease were between 5 to 25 years were selected randomly. After informing and taking history and physical examination of the subjects, the nerve conduction study and electromyography were performed for them. Then the data were analyzed by SPSS software and X2 and Fischer exact tests. Results: Results of this study showed that prevalence of diabetes in urban and rural areas of Dena township were 1 and 0.8 percent respectively. Prevalence of neuropathy was 52.5% which comprised of 17.5% peripheral neuropathy, 22.5% carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and 12.5% combined form. The distal symmetrical sensorimotor peripheral polyneuropathy and carpal tunnel syndrome were the most common peripheral neuropathy and entrapment mononeuropathy, respectively. In this study, there were no significant statistical correlation between peripheral neuropathy and sex, age, duration of diabetes, fasting blood sugar, underlying disease, retinopathy and nephropathy, but significant correlation was found between mononeuropaty (CTS) and fasting blood sugar. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes high prevalence of neuropathy (peripheral neuropathy & mononeuropathy) which is not related to duration of diabetes, retinopathy, nephropathy, age and underlying disease. We concluded that early diagnosis of disease could be done by educating of people and this can lead to a decrease in complications of diabetes.

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Background & aim: Apelin is a newly discovered adipokine which plays an important role in regulation of energy homoeostasis and improvement of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on plasma concentration of apelin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men.

Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, twenty four diabetic men from Ahwaz, Iran, were selected and randomly divided into training (n=12) and control (n=12) group. Anthropometric measures, body composition and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the subjects were measured by using a modified Bruce continuous aerobic exercise training was performed during 8 week (3 session per week, 20-45 min per session, 40%- 70% HRmax). Before, and 48 hours after the last training session, plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and apelin were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Data analysis was used by T-tests, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient and the significant level of p<0/05 was considered.

Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in plasma concentration of glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR, and a significant increase in plasma concentration of apelin was observed in training group compared with pretest and control group. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship between plasma concentration of apelin and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks aerobic training was found.

Conclusion: It seems that low to moderate intensity continuce areobic exercise training has significant effect on the amount of plasma apelin in type 2 diabetic men. Continuous aerobic exercise may be effective in improving the insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic men.

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Abstract:

Background and aim: Lack of physical activity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, pulmonary function and sleep quality, but with regular physical activity, may reduce many of these risk factors. The aim of this study was to find the effects of aerobic training on serum levels of nitric oxide, pulmonary function parameters and quality of sleep in women with type 2 diabetes.

 

Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 20 type 2diabetic women were selected and randomly assigned into two exercise (n = 12) and control (n = 8) groups. Aerobic training program was performed for six weeks (4 times a week, with 50% to 80% heart rate reserve) who receive the time and intensity of exercise (50 to 80 HRR) was added. Main aerobic exercises presented in the form of 6 chain, each chain includes 32 motion. FVC, FEV1 Indices and nitric oxide levels were measured before and after the intervention and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires were used to assess sleep quality. Statistical analysis were analyzed using t-test, analysis of covariance and correlation coefficient.

 

Results: Six weeks of aerobic exercise indicated a significant reduction in sleep quality scores and but a significant increase in the concentration of nitric oxide and lung volumes (FVC and FEV1) compared to the control group (p≤ 0.05), but no significant relationship between lung volumes and a score of sleep quality was observed.

 

Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise training can have a considerable impact on serum nitric oxide pulmonary functions and thereby improve the sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

 

 

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Background & aim: Several studies have examined the link between existing polymorphisms in the coding miR-146a and miR-27a genes with type 2 diabetes, although the results presented were inconsistent. Accordingly, in the present meta-analysis study, in order to obtain a more accurate estimate, the relationship between MiR146a-rs290164 G> C and miR-27a rs8955819 T> C with T2D was investigated.
 
Methods: To conduct this review study, studies were selected by searching the electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science direct until June 6, 2017. A total of 2,069 diabetics and 1,907 healthy subjects entered the meta-analysis to assess the association of rs2910164 and 1090 diabetics and 966 controls to assess the association of rs895819 with type 2 diabetes with an OR chance ratio of 95% confidence interval.
 
Results: In the present study, the relationship between polymorphism miR-146a rs2910164 and T2D in five different genetic models including allelic, defeated, dominant, over-dominant and co-dominant models was investigated. No significant relationship was observed between miR-146a rs2910164 and miR-27a rs895819 variants with T2D (P> 0.05). There was also no evidence of diffusion bias in the various genetic models studied was observed (P Egger, s test> 0.05).
 
Conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship between the variants studied with T2D. To confirm these results, more research is needed in populations with higher sample size and greater geographical diversity.

 
 

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Background & aim: Numerous studies have investigated the effect of exercise on diabetes-related factors. Aerobic exercise is a central component in the management and treatment of type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of endurance training with different intensities on HBA1C in patients with type 2 diabetes.
 
Methods: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in 2019.For the present study, databases from ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, the science of the Web, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar from years 2001 to 2019 were searched with keywords After initial screening, the full text of the articles was evaluated and the articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. In total, 21articles were reviewed, of which 11coincided the criteria for systematic review and meta-analysis.  Moreover, 381 diabetic patients divided into two groups of 169 and 237, respectively, in the experimental group (99 females, 134 males) and the control group (57 females, 81 males). The mean age of the subjects in the present study was 52.62 years. Intervention effects were evaluated as mean difference (MD) with a random effects model. Data were analyzed using effect size, bias and heterogeneity tests using STATA software.
 
Results: The results of the meta-analysis indicated that both moderate and moderate aerobic exercise decreased HBAIC percentage. Endurance training in general reduced HBAIC levels significantly.  In the subgroup analysis, endurance training was moderate (p = 0.001, SE= 0.27,              V =0.07, CI =-1.51 -0.44 Z = -3.58) and high intensity (p= 0.001, SE= 0.22, V = 0.05, CI = -1.33 -0.46 Z = -4.05)
 
Conclusion: Different intensities of endurance training have a significant effect on HBA1C levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Our study showed that there is no significant difference between moderate and high intensity aerobic exercise in the rate of improvement of HBA1C levels, which, of course, is felt to investigate the difference between intensities to more research and higher quality.