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Introduction & Objective: There are three elements such as emotional, social and cognitive concepts in happiness. The first causes positive expression, the second causes expanded and positive social relations with the others and the last results the thought that interprets optimism-rating events. Due to happiness role in health of body and spirit of students and also for limited studies in these fields, research about the matter seems necessary. Materials & Methods: This study has been carried out by Oxford happiness questionnaire. The questionnaire had 29 multiple choices that most of objects have been made with inverting sentences of Beck test by Argyle and Lu in 1989. In numerous researches which have been done in different countries, the cronbach’s alpha was 0/87 - 0/92 and reliability was 0/78 – 0/81. The questionnaire was completed by 303 students of school of management and medical information sciences that were selected randomly (in 2003). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA), t test and Chi test. Results: This study was performed on 303 persons totally (80 men and 223 women). Average of happiness scale was 42 ±14 that has not a significant difference with developed countries. There was no significant relation between students’ happiness scale and age, sex, field of education and period of education but there was a significant positive relationship between students’ happiness and interest in field of education and hope to future job. Conclusion: To introduce the fields of educations to students before entering to university, possibility of education in one of the favorit study majors and give hope to students that university can be an opportunity for acquiring successful job in all aspects in their life seems effective in their happiness.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent diseases which leave noticeable effects on the health. Life style plays an important role in determining the level of the disease. According to the statistics, two women out of three over 50 years of age and one man out of two of the same age suffer from osteoporosis or have low bone compression. The present study was conducted on female students of Health School of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 1386 (2007) and aimed to view the effects of education on preventive behaviors from osteoporosis based ( BIM). Materials & Methods: This is a semi- experimental study and the population were all of the female students of the health school who attended in Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 1384 (2005). Eighty two respondents randomly placed in two groups of case & control (42 in case group and 40 in control group). Questionnaires were designed based on BIM. The samples were studied by educating program according to BIM and implemented in the form of lecture and group discussion over 3 months and 4 meetings in each month. Each meeting took an hour and half. The questionnaires were completed by both groups and analyzed by the SPSS software. Results: Based on the results, according to behavior intention model the average score of students above osteoporosis was 65.48 prior to intervention and it reached 90.24 after intervention which showed significant improvements. Conclusion: With regard to the results of the current study, special education based on behavior intention model is effective in improving the attitude and behavior intention of female students. Therefore it is highly recommended that BIM education be used for familiarizing osteoporosis to female students. Keywords: Behavior intention, Osteoporosis, Female students

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Background & aim: Nurses' ethical responsibility in practice and care is required to be aware of the principles of professional ethics. The aim of this study was to determine nursing students' knowledge of ethics in nursing of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In the present analytical-descriptive sectional study, in which the participants are 4-8 semester nursing students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The research tools for collecting information were tow-section questionnaires consisting of demographic data and specialized questions about ethic and rules in the nursing profession. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software by using independent t-tests and chi-square. Results: Total awareness of 4-8 semester nursing students about ethic and rules in nursing profession was intermediate (53.78 percent). There was a considerable relation between sexuality and satisfaction (p<.046), accordingly in males this amount was more than females. A considerable relation between age and satisfaction amount wasn’t observed (p>.436). A considerable relation between students' educational semester and satisfaction amount was not also not observed (p>.927). Conclusions: Students' awareness about professional ethic wasn't very desirable so it is suggested that by holding moral workshops in nursing or settling moral courses in nursing students curriculum will increase the amount of nursing students' awareness about nursing ethics.

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Background & aim: An increase in weight of school bags may lead to changes in body position. To compensate this stress, the musculoskeletal system must react appropriately. The purpose of the present study was to compare the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among children and identify the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 800 secondary school children, aged 12 to 15 years, selected by cluster random sampling in four areas of Shiraz, Iran. The researcher instrument consisted of a questionnaire and body map for evaluating musculoskeletal pains. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results revealed that 80.6% of the students had pain correlation with carrying the school bags. 40.8% experienced pain while carrying their school bags, 27.2% expressed continuous pain and 32% of them felt pain whenever they put off their bags. Conclusion: According to the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, the prevalence of pain in the shoulders had the highest rate which was similar to the results of several studies.

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Background & aim: Optimism, due to its impact on mental and physical health, is of utmost importance. Finding practical and scientific methods to increase optimism and alleviate pessimism are essential. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effect of attribution retraining on optimism, and pessimism of female six-grade elementary students in Ahwaz primary schools, Iran. The attribution retraining was considered as independent variable and optimism and pessimism were considered as dependent variables. Methods: In the present experimental study, 54 sixth-grade primary school students were randomly selected and then divided to two groups of experiment and control groups. The present study was a field experimental research, including pretest-posttest and control group. The research instrument was the Children's Attribution Styles Questionnaire (CASQ) and was presented by Seligman, translated by ShehniYailagh and Ramezani, and adapted to Iranian students’ Culture. . Before starting the retraining, two groups were tested in pre-tests of optimism, pessimism and then, the experiment group was taught attribution retraining, and the control group nothing. At the end of the training course, two groups were tested in post-tests of optimism and pessimism. Results: Results showed that attribution retraining (as independent variables), had a great effect on the dependent variables. The results showed that attribution retraining had increased the meaningful (p= 0/001) amount of optimism and it had decreased pessimism (p = 0/001) significantly. Conclusion: Attribution retraining with increased optimism and pessimism can prevent and reduce the mental and physical health.

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Background & aim: learning style(s) is one of the factors effective learning. Information about students learning styles can aid the presentation of teaching appropriate to their individual style. The purpose of this study was to determine the learning styles of Yasuj nursing and midwifery students based on the VARK model in 2013. Methods: The present research was a descriptive- analytical study which was conducted on 140 students from nursing and midwifery faculty of Yasuj university of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2013. Sampling was done using census method, and data were collected using demographic information questionnaire followed by questionnaire of learning styles. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18, and descriptive- inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of the students was 20.68±1.34. Of the total of 140 students, 98 (70%) just selected only one type of the learning styles, whereas, 42 students preferred combination of different styles. Reading-writing style was the prevailing style among single learning style which selected by 43 students but the most frequent style among multi style was double style which was selected only by 15% of the participants. Conclusion: Most of the students had an individual learning style. Identifying the dominant learning style(s) of the students and adjusting them to the teaching methods of lecturers and also developing lesson plans based on learning styles could improve educational objectives.

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Background & aim: family and individual factors are involved in addiction potential. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of family resiliency (family communication and problem solving, utilizing social and economic resources, maintaining a positive outlook, family connectedness, family spirituality, ability to make meaning of adversity) and mindfulness in addiction potential of students. Method: the research method used in the present study was correlation. A number of 399 students from Yasuj University in 2012-13 academic years were selected through a multi- stage cluster sampling method and responded to the Iranian scale of addiction potential, family resiliency questionnaire, and short form of Freiburg mindfulness inventory. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Simultaneous regression. Results: A negative and significant correlation was seen between family resiliency and its dimensions with addiction potential (P>0.01). Between mindfulness and addiction preparation, a significant and negative correlation was observed (P>0.01). The results of simultaneous regression analysis showed that family residency and mindfulness could significantly predict 13% of variance of addiction potential. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the importance of family resilience and mindfulness as personal and family variables in preparing addiction. Therefore, the family resilience and mindfulness skills training could decrease the addiction potential among students.

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Abstract

Background & aim: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in the female students aged 7 to 12 in Yasuj is not well known. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the association among lifestyle status with obesity and overweight prevalence in girl students aged 7 to 12 in Yasuj.

Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was ran on 352 (girls) students aged 7-12 years old. The subjects were selected via a step-wise random sampling. Height and weight of the subjects were measured by standard methods and body mass index (BMI). Overweight and obesity were defined on the 85^th and 95^th percentiles of BMI for age and sex as proposed by Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Lifestyle status and family conditions were collected by a standard Baecke questionnaire. Correlations between the variables were determined by the Spearman correlation.

Results: The prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight in 7-12 years old students were 6.5%, 22.1% and 13.3% respectively. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between BMI with parent’s BMI in 7 years old students, a significant relationship between BMI with daily commute to school in 8 years old students, a significant relationship between BMI with fast foods and chips consumption pattern in 9 years old students, a significant relationship between BMI with father’s educational levels, fathers’ BMI and time spend for exercise in 10 years old students, significant relationship between BMI with father’s educational levels, fathers’ BMI, watching TV, fast foods, cola and chips consumption pattern and time spend for exercise in 11 years old students and significant relationship between BMI with fathers’ BMI and watching TV in 12 years old students (P<0.05). Generally, there were inverse relationships between BMI with time spend for exercise and positive relationship between BMI with fast foods consumption pattern and father’s BMI (P<0.05). On the other hand, no significant relationship was observed between BMI with daily commute to school, rank of birth, number of families, parent’s educational levels, mother’s BMI and sitting activities.

Conclusion: the results of the study showed that the consumption of fast foods and engaging in physical activity and body mass index is the main factors in determining of school girls aged 7 to 12 years in Yasuj. Thus, the need for greater mobility and improve nutritional patterns are emphasized.

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Abstract
 
Background & aim: Academic achievement and students' academic achievement are one of the key issues affecting academic eagerness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the students' academic well-being. In this research, 40 randomly selected sampling students were selected as case study in two experimental and control groups  of 20. For data collection, Frederick et al (2005) educational agility questionnaire was used and the cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol was applied to the students of the experimental group. MANOVA Multivariate Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data.
 
Methods: The research was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group. The study sample included all female students under the supervision of well-being in Yasuj. In this study, using simple random sampling method, 40 students under the supervision of well-being in both experimental and control groups (for each subgroup of 20 patients) were selected as sample. To collect information from questionnaires academic enthusiasm Frederick et al (2005) and the Protocol on the students in the experimental group were administered cognitive-behavioral therapy. Multivariate analysis of variance for data analysis (MANOVA) was used.
 
Results: Based on the results of MANOVA, cognitive-behavioral therapy in the post-test the emotional longing, the longing cognitive, and behavioral enthusiasm and passion for the school, had a significant effect. Size 0.67 is the effect of CBT on academic enthusiasm. According to post-test scores of experimental and control groups, Cognitive-behavioral therapy enhances students' educational aspirations under the supervision of well-being in the experimental group compared with the control group in the posttest.
 
Conclusion: The direct and indirect use of cognitive-behavioral training can help students to ease and encourage to school and study.
 
 

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Abstract
Background and aim: Due to the prevalence of computer games among children and adolescents, studies have been conducted on the relationship between these games and their effects on this age group. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between computer games with intelligence, emotional intelligence and social intelligence in Yasuj students.
 
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study. The target population in this study was all students of the secondary school, among whom 200 were selected by random sampling. Data were collected using Rhino cognitive intelligence, Trumo Social intelligence, Shoot Emotional Intelligence, and a questionnaire including computer and demographic variables. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient.
 
Results: Of the students studied, 118 (59%) were male. The type of computer games was directly related to the students' gender (p = 0.001). Social intelligence had a direct correlation with the hours spent on computer games (p = 0.001), but cognitive intelligence (p = 0.5) and emotion (p = 0.95) did not have a significant relationship with the hours spent on games. The type of game was not significantly correlated with cognitive intelligence of students (p = 0.99), but with emotional intelligence (p = 0.035) and social intelligence (p = 0.04), students had a significant direct relation. Students' gender had a significant relationship with their social intelligence (p = 0.0001), but with cognitive intelligence (p = 0.57) and emotional intelligence (p = 0.13), they did not have a significant relationship. There was no significant relationship between the time spent on computer games and the gender of students (p = 0.53).
 
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between computer games and their type with intelligence, social intelligence and emotional intelligence. There was also a relationship between the game and the students' gender, so that boys are more likely to play mobile games and rough girls are more interested in social groups, so it is suggested to present their games and their type according to their gender. The findings of this study were consistent with most similar studies
 
 

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Abstract
 
Background & Aim: Students face a lot of emotional problems and stress that affect their individual and adaptation as well as their quality of life. One of the things that threatens their health is emotional failure. Logo therapy is one of the existing approaches in the therapy field, the efficiency of which has been established for resolving many emotional problems. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the efficacy of group logo therapy on Symptoms of emotional failure and Emotion Cognitive Regulation of female students with love trauma syndrome.
 
Methods: The present research was of applied research type. The research method was semi-empirical with a pretest-posttest with control group design. Populations were all female students of Rasht Azad University and were selected through voluntary sampling method. Sample numbers were 30 students that gained high scores on Love Trauma Inventory (1999) and had the lowest score in Emotion Cognitive Regulation (2006) randomly assigned to control and experiment groups (each group included 15 students). The experiment group exposed to 10 instruction sessions of group logo therapy. But the control group did not receive any interventions. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics method and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) in SPSS v.20.
 
Results: The multivariate covariance analysis results for Symptoms of love Trauma (F=5.69), Make it less important (F=181.51), Reappraisal (F=232.25), Reprogramming (F=366.27), Focus again (F=399.34), Acceptance (F=11.95), Blame others (F=307.25), Catastrophe (F=51.53), Mental crawl (F=63.11), and self Blame (F=51.20), suggested that there was a significant difference between the Girls of experiment and control groups (P< 0.01). According to the posttest scores of the experiment control groups for these two variables, it was recognized that the Group Logo therapy has led to reduction in Symptoms of love Trauma, reduction in Incompatible strategies for cognitive emotion regulation and increase in Compatible strategies for cognitive emotion regulation among the Girls of the experiment group in comparison to the control group in the posttest stage.
 
Conclusion: The results of this study show that participating in Group Logo therapy meeting can affect Reduce on Symptoms of love Trauma and promotion of Emotion Cognitive Regulation of female students with love trauma syndrome. Therefore resistance to stress and Negative emotions can be increased by Life Meaningfulness and doing so promote health.
 
 

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Abstract

Background & aim: Entrance to university is accompanied with major changes in social relationships, expectations and roles that make the students susceptible for mental problems that one of them is emotional blow. Logotherapy is one of the methods of treatment for communication and emotional problems. The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of group logo therapy on Symptoms of feeling loneliness and psychological hardiness of female students with love trauma syndrome.

 

Methods: The present research was of applied research type. The research method was semi-empirical with a pretest-posttest with control group design. Populations were all female students of Rasht Azad University and were selected through voluntary sampling method. Sample numbers were 30 students that gained high scores on Feeling loneliness (1980) And had the lowest score in psychological hardiness (1998) randomly assigned to control and experiment groups (each group included 15 students). The experiment group exposed to 10 instruction sessions of group logo therapy. But the control group did not receive any interventions. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics method and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) in SPSS v.20.

 

Results: The multivariate covariance analysis results for Feeling loneliness (F=9.76) and psychological hardiness (F=21.8) suggested that there was a significant difference between the Girls of experiment and control groups (P< 0.01). According to the posttest scores of the experiment control groups for these two variables, it was recognized that the Group Logo therapy has led to reduction in Feeling loneliness and increase in psychological hardiness among the Girls of the experiment group in comparison to the control group in the posttest stage.

 

Conclusion: The results of this study show that participating in Group Logo therapy meeting can affect reduction in feeling loneliness and promotion of psychological hardiness of female students with love trauma syndrome. Therefore it is possible to raise the level of meaningfulness of life by increasing the coping ability of individuals against psychological stress and reduced their loneliness.

 

 Group Logo therapy, hardiness, loneliness, love Trauma, female students.

 

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Background & aim: Educational and educational programs have a certain role in the progress of each society. The aim of this study was to compare the midwifery students' satisfaction with the teaching of gynecology and infertility by lecture and peer instruction.
 
Methods: In the present Quasi-experimental study, continuous midwifery students in 2017 were selected as the research community. Five semester midwifery students (22 students) were selected as research sample and 3 units of women's diseases and infertility as educational materials. Half of the teaching materials were taught by the professor in the first eight sessions of lectures and eight second sessions were taught by counterparts. At the end of both educational methods, students were asked to complete a questionnaire on satisfaction with the method of instruction. All students received informed consent for participation in the research. Data were analyzed by paired t-test.
 
Results: The mean score of satisfaction with the lecture teaching method and peer teaching method was 83.77±9.74, and 81.36±10.58 respectively (p=0.49). The average satisfaction score of the lecture method in the area of ​​creating interest and encouragement to participate in learning less than the peer education method (p=0.008), while respecting the principles and regulations related to teaching (p=0.005), in the field of testing and The evaluation of the content of the curriculum was also higher (p=0.07) and in the field of the appropriateness of the teaching method and its continuity with peer education was equal.
 
Conclusion: It seemed that the use of active teaching methods had a significant effect on increasing interest in learning and motivation in students, however, students consider the lecture method a better method to understand the content and to follow the principles of teaching more effectively. Using the peer education method is suggested as a complementary method of instruction and teaching.

 

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Background & aim: Nurses are the largest group of health care providers and play an important role in the quality of patient care. Career Thoughts is one of the most important factors that play a special role in nursing job performance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based Cognitive therapy on dysfunctional career thoughts in nursing students.

 

Methods: The present studywas a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with control group. One standard deviation above the mean of the group were selected by convenience sampling, then these 36 individuals were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 2 hours (one session per week) in the intervention group and the control group did not receive any training. After the sessions, both groups responded to the job dysfunction questionnaire (Sampson et al., 1996). Collected data were analyzed by covariance analysis using SPSS software.

 

Results: The results revealed that the experimental group indicated a significant decrease in dysfunctional job thinking, decision making confusion, commitment anxiety and external conflict after receiving the training compared to the control group. These results were also maintained at follow-up. The intervention in the post-test was 68% on the total score of ineffective job thoughts, 39% on decision making confusion, 55% on commitment anxiety and 59% on external conflict and in the follow-up phase, 56% on the total score of job ineffective thinking, and 35% on confusion. In decision making, 43% were effective on commitment anxiety and 46% on external conflict.

 

Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is recommended to reduce the ineffective nursing students' occupational thinking in order to enhance their job performance and provide their patients with better quality health services.

 

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Background & aim: Interpersonal life expectancy and forgiveness are two components of positive psychology that emphasize health promotion factors. In this regard, the relationship between religion and health and its interaction with interpersonal forgiveness and forgiveness in different cultures has been discussed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between interpersonal happiness, life expectancy and religious orientation with general health among students.

 

Methods: The present descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 761 students of Yasuj universities. Samples were randomly selected in each cluster and systematically randomized. The tools used were 5 questionnaires; demographic characteristics, Alport religious orientation questionnaire, general health, Snyder hope, and interpersonal forgiveness. The data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient

 

Results: a significant and direct relationship was seen between interpersonal satisfaction, life expectancy and religious orientation (internal and external), so that the greater the amount of forgiveness and life expectancy in the individual, the more the health of the individual. The more religious orientation scores increase inward or outward, the greater the health of the individual.

 

Conclusion: The higher the level of interpersonal compassion, life expectancy, and religious orientation, the higher the general health of the individual. There was also a positive and significant relationship between extrinsic religious orientation and general health, which may be because one may be influenced by religious practices over time and not exhibit high-risk behaviors in order to maintain a good condition. .

behaviors in order to maintain a good condition.

 

 

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Background & aim: Psychological capital and social well-being are two psychosocial variables that can affect couples' relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of social welfare in the relationship between psychological capital and marital intimacy of married students.

Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of married male and female students of universities of Gachsaran city who were studying in 2017-2018. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, 398 people were selected as available sample. Marital intimacy, subjective well-being, and psychological capital were used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using path analysis.

Results: The findings of this study showed that the psychological capital and its components(self-efficacy and hope) on the main causative variable of intimacy had a positive and direct effect. The total score of psychological capital and one of its components (self-efficacy) had a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable of social welfare. Correspondingly, the direct effect of social welfare on intimacy (t = 8.9) was significant at 0.01 level. 29.9 The variance of intimacy was explained through the components of psychological capital (self-efficacy and hope) and social well-being. In general, the effect of psychological capital through social welfare intermediation was significant on marital affiliativity.

Conclusion: The research model, which is in line with other studies, had a mediating role for social welfare among the marital students in terms of psychological capital and marital intimacy. So that psychological capital could indirectly influence marital intimacy by increasing social well-being

 

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Background & aim: Concurrent stunting with overweight" is one of the consequences of nutritional transition, which has worsened the outcomes more than overweight itself. The aim of this study was to determine the trend of anthropometric indices in primary to high school students in Eslam Abad-e Gharb city, Iran.
 
Methods: The present analytical-comparative study was conducted in 2017 in the city of Islamabad-e-Gharb, and students from 16 high schools were randomly selected and surveyed by cluster sampling. High school metrics were measured in the same year. Elementary school information was collected through school student files. In this study, "short stature at the same time with overweight" was defined as "z-score equal to + 1 and above BMI for age and z-score equal to 1- and less" height for age "based on simultaneous placement. Collected data was analyzed using Fisher and Chi-square statistical tests.
 
Results: In the present study, out of 731 people, 350(47.9%) were girls and 381 (52.1%) were boys. The prevalence of short stature at the same time with overweight in primary school was 0.55%(4 people) and in high school was 3.83% (28 people), which was significant from primary school to high school among all students studied (p=0.001). In short, the index was not significant in girls (p=0.001), but not significant in boys (p = 0.506).
 
Conclusion: The prevalence of short stature has been on the rise with overweight students (especially girls) from elementary school to high school.
 
 
 

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Background & aim: During school, students experience many emotional and emotional changes at the same time as physical and cognitive changes, including anxiety and anger, which can affect interpersonal relationships and be destructive if they are out of control. Because for children and adolescents, emotion regulation training is a key point forgotten in parenting education, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of emotion regulation therapy training based on dialectical behavioral therapy on reduce  anxiety and anger students.

Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study were all female high school students in Lande, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, in the academic year 2017-2018. Among them, 36 participants were selected according to the conditions of entering the research by the available sampling method and were randomly selected in two experimental groups (18) and control (18). The Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (1990) and the Novako Anger Scale (1986) were used to gather information in two stages, pre-test and post-test. Dialectical Emotion-Based Emotional Behavioral Training Therapy session was performed for nine 90-minute sessions per week for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive this training. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-24 statistical software. 

Results: The results of data analysis indicated that emotion regulation therapy based on dialectical behavioral therapy was effective in reducing anxiety (F=14.077; P <0.001) and anger (F=7.422; P <0.004); This means that in the post-test, the mean score of anxiety (M=23.10; SD=4.57) and anger (M=38.06; SD=1.33) decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be established that teaching emotion regulation based on dialectical behavioral therapy leads to reduction of students 'anxiety and anger, and this treatment method can be used to prevent and reduce students' anxiety and anger. 

   

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Background & aim: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in addition to reducing the quality of life, correspondingly affects the social and economic performance of individuals and their daily lives. The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of PMS and some related factors among female students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
 
Methods: In the present descriptive-analytic study, 193 female students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences whom met the inclusion criteria, were selected through convenience sampling. In addition to demographic form, the PSST questionnaire (to screen the premenstrual syndrome) and short form of WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL) were used. After receiving the ethics code, required permissions, and the informed consent form, the research questionnaires were filled out by the participants. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 using descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, and Chi square, t-test as well as ANOVA tests.
 
Results: In this study 73 students (37.8%) had PMS and 24 students (12.4%) had PMDD. The results displayed that people with physical activity had significantly less PMS or PMDD than those without physical activity (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in mean body mass index in the three groups of people with PMS, PMDD and healthy (p> 0.05). The results correspondingly indicated that the mean of physical and psychological dimensions of quality of life in healthy people was significantly higher than the two groups with PMS and PMMD (p <0.05).
 
Conclusion: Given the relatively high prevalence of PMS among college students, the attention of university officials to this issue and the development of students’ mental health is important. Due to the association of this disease with physical activity and exercise, encouraging students to do regular exercise can reduce the severity of PMS symptoms and its complications.
 
 

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Armaghane-danesh, Yasuj University of                                                                                   Letter to the Editor Sciences Journal (YUMSJ)


Prediction of No Increase in Myopia in Rural Students with Low Educational Facilities Compared to Urban Areas During the Covid-19 Epidemic in Iran

Vafapour H^1*, Vafapour F², Borzoui Sileh S<sup>1

1</sup>Department of Radiology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran, ²Department of Internal Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran
 vafapour7@gmail.com
 f.vafapour1@gmail.com


Abstract
The start of the corona virus epidemic was from China, this epidemic changed the lifestyle in different countries. One of the most important changes was in the field of education. Many education systems around the world changed from face-to-face to face-to-face and virtual. Students were forced to spend too much time at home looking at digital screens. Long-term presence in the closed environment of houses led to many problems, including obesity, mental and intellectual problems, and most importantly, the increase in the incidence of myopia. In the meantime, students in rural and low-income areas were forced to attend in-person education in schools due to the lack of non-attendance education facilities. We believe that the mentioned problems, including myopia, in these people are due to exposure to risk factors that were less in the other group.