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Introduction & Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder and one of the most common causes of an ovulation among women in their reproductive age. Presence of cysts in the ovaries alteration in the blood levels of gonadotropine hormones and gaining weight are some of the main characteristics of PCOS among humans. Our goal was to investigate the possible occurrence of such conditions in animal models of PCOS. Materials & Methods: Forty five Sprague Dawely rats were divided into 3 equal groups: the treatment and sham groups were intramuscularly injected by a single dose of Estradiol Valerate (4 mg/rat, dissolved in 0.4 ml) and equal volume of olive oil, respectively, and the control group without any injection. During the 12 weeks of study, the animal’s weights were measured once a week. After 8 weeks, serum levels of testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Latinizing Hormone (LH) and glucose were measured. Following 12 weeks, ovaries were removed and prepared for light microscopy. Histological characteristics of ovaries were observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: Animal weight and serum level of testosterone were significantly reduced among PCOS induced rats while progesterone, LH and glucose levels were elevated. There was no significant difference in estradiol and FSH levels among different group of animals. Many cysts and degenerating follicles were observed in the treatment group. Conclusion: PCOS can be experimentally produced by a single injection of Estradiol Valerate in the rat, but some of the complex aspects of PCOS are not clearly defined.

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Abstract Background & aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine failure leading to anovulation. TNFα is an effective factor in the regulation of normal functioning of the ovaries. High levels of TNFα causes PCOS is further. In this study, the effects of bumble bee venom (HBV) on TNFα and other symptoms of ovarian PCOS were studied. Methods: In this experimental study, 60 female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, sham and experimental groups. The experimental group was injected with estradiol valerate-induced PCOS direction. Induced rats (PCOS) were divided into two groups and treated with HBV. The treatment Group received 0.2mg of HBV for 10 consecutive days. Serum and ovarian tissue was collected from each of the four groups to compare the histological and changes in blood sugar levels. Results: A significant increase in ovarian PCOS weight was observed in the control group , whereas in the treated group with HBV rate fell (15.5 mg) Glucose levels in PCOS was 256.5, the control group138, and the treatment group 158. Thickness of the theca layer of antral follicles in the treated group compared with PCOS showed a significant decrease (110 μm and 150 μm respectively). Immunohistochemical results showed increased TNFα factor in PCOS group than in the control group, whereas these levels in samples treated with HBV Reduced. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the beneficial effects of HBV in PCOS may be due to the inhibitory effect on factor TNFα. Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Bumble bee venom, Tumor necrosis factor, Immunohistochemistry

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Background & aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder which effects 15.6 %  of women in Iran. Licorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra L.) has phytoestrogenic and anti-diabetic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydro-alcoholic Licorice root extract on blood sugar, triglycerides and cholesterol in the rats with PCOS.

Methods: In the present experimental study, 50 female puber Sprague dawley (180±20 gr) rats with regular sexual cycle were entered in the study.  Studied groups included: first, the Normal group, receiving carrier (normal saline) (2 ml/kg) daily orally for 21 days. Then, the letrozole group which received letrozole (1 mg/kg) dissolved in normal saline (2 ml/kg) for 21 days and then normal saline (2 ml/kg) daily orally for 30 days. The last groups, Treatment groups 1 and 2, which received letrozole (1 mg/kg) dissolved in normal saline (2 ml/kg) for 21 days then hydroalcoholic extract of Licorice root (200 and 400 mg/kg) dissolved in normal saline (2 ml/kg) daily, orally for 30 days respectively. To conclude, blood samples were collected from the heart and also the serum level of blood sugar, triglyceride and cholesterol was measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p< 0.05).

Results: The mean serum level of blood sugar increased in the Letrozole group compared to the normal group and decreased in the treatment groups compared to Letrozole group (p< 0.05). No statistically significant differences were seen in mean of serum level of triglyceride and cholesterol between all groups.

Conclusion: The licoricecan extract improved the adverse side-effects caused by diabetese in polycystic ovary syndrome However, its effect on dyslipidemia in patients requiring further investigations.

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Background and aim:  Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder that is associated with lipid disorders and obesity with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the association between lipid profile and fasting blood sugar levels and insulin resistance among women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods: The present case-control study was conducted on 153 women with PCOS and 449 healthy women as controls. Data was extracted from data center of Diabetes Research Center of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences including women from 4 cities of Khuzestan province (Ahwaz, Behbahan, Abadan, and Khorramshahr). Serum lipids, fasting blood sugar, and serum insulin levels along with Body Mass Index (BMI), Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), and Body Adiposity Index in two groups were analyzed by independent t-tests, chi-square and Fisher exact test.

Results:  The frequency of low HDL and high total cholesterol was higher in women with PCOS than control group (p =0.032, and p =0.001, respectively). No significant difference was seen between No two groups in the mean levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, HOMA IR, LAP, and PA (p >0.05). In women with BMI<25 and BMI between 25 and 30, the mean level of total cholesterol was higher in PCOS group than control group, whereas there was no significant difference in women with BMI>30. In women with BMI>30, the mean triglyceride and glucose levels was higher in PCOS group than control group (p=0.029, and p=0.010).

Conclusion:  In the present study, in obese women, triglyceride and fasting glucose levels were higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome than healthy women. In non-obese women, however, the total cholesterol level was higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome than healthy women.

 

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Abstract:
Background & aim: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Due to the prevalence of PCOS in worldwide, the aim of this study is defined to compare the impact of metformin with ginger on pituitary-gonad function in PCOS adult female rats .
 
Methods: In this experimental study72 adult female rats were used. The rats were divided in a control of PCOS and 7 experimental groups of PCOS receiving metformin alone at 150 mg / kg, ginger with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg doses, and ginger with doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg with metformin at a dose of 150 mg / kg. All prescriptions were performed for 28 days in a gavage. Blood samples were taken from animals to measure the FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone and testosterone hormones, their ovaries were removed and follicular tissue sections were counted. Statistical data were analyzed using ANOVA and nhk; k tests.
 
Results: Letrozole induced PCOS increased follicles of atritic, testosterone, estrogen and other follicles and FSH levels at the level of P<0.01, and metformin and ginger alone and with each other reduced the number of atritic follicles and increased other follicles and FSH levels at p <0.01. Also, consumption of metformin and ginger significantly decreased testosterone and estrogen levels at the level of p <0.01 compared to the control group.
 
Conclusion: Administration of metformin and extract of rhizome ginger alone or with each other increases FSH and primary follicles, primary, secondary, graviflower, yellow corpuscles, and reduction of atritic follicles in animals with polycystic otitis media due to letrozole administration, as well as metformin and ginger extract. There is no significant effect on the level of estrogen and testosterone hormones in these animals, while the simultaneous administration of both decreases estrogen and testosterone levels in animals with polycystic ovarian dysfunction.
 
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Abstract

 

Background and Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important reproductive and endocrine disorders in women. Evening primrose oil is a phytosterogenic plants, and there are many reports about the effects of phytoestrogens on the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Regarding the side effects of existing drugs, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of evening primrose oil (EPO) on changes in sex hormones, serum glucose and insulin levels and insulin sensitivity in PCOS.

 

Methods: In this experimental study 30 female Sprague Dawley rats with regular sexual cycle were divided into five groups (n=6). Group 1: control. Group 2: (control treatment) received evening primrose oil gavage at dose of 1000mg/kg for 21 days. Group 3: PCOS induced by estradiol valerate. Group 4: After induction of PCOS received evening primrose oil gavage at dose of 1000mg/kg for 21 days. Group 5: After induction of PCOS received evening primrose oil gavage at dose of 2000mg/kg for 21 days. Finally, blood samples were collected from heart and then sex hormones, glucose and insulin concentrations were determined. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA and Duncan 's test.

 

Results: The FSH level increased significantly in the fourth and fifth groups compared to the third (p <0.05). Levels of LH and testosterone levels were significantly lower in the fourth and fifth groups than the third group (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of FSH and LH among the other groups. The serum levels of insulin and glucose in the fourth and fifth groups were significantly lower than the third group (p <0.05). Also, insulin sensitivity was higher in the treatment groups than in the third group (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in insulin, glucose and insulin sensitivity among other groups.

 

Conclusions: By changing the concentration of FSH, LH and testosterone hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome, evening primrose oil, can reduce the complications of these hormonal changes. EPO also reduces insulin and serum glucose and increases insulin sensitivity in PCOS. With more complete studies, Evening primrose oil can be recommended as a good alternative to chemical drugs for the treatment of PCOS.

 

 

 

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Background & aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most important endocrine disorders affecting about 5-10% of women in reproductive age. Some herbs are able to prevent or inhibit the development of syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine and effect of hydroalcoholic extract Zizyphus jujube L. fruit's in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.
 
Methods: In the present experimental study, 42 immature female Wistar rats, aged 3-4 weeks, weighing 50-70 g were obtained from the Animal Husbandry Center of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. The rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups; Treated with metformin and treatment 1, 2 and 3 were randomly divided. Control group received 0.5 ml of normal saline intraperitoneally. The control group received 250 mg / kg testosterone enanthate dissolved in sesame oil in a subcutaneous injection in the back of the neck. The sham group received 0.5 ml of sesame oil in subcutaneous injection. The metformin-treated group received 250 mg / kg subcutaneous testosterone enantate plus metformin 500 mg / kg by gavage. Treatment groups 1 and 2 received 250 mg / kg testosterone enantate and jujube hydroalcoholic extract at doses of 400 and 800 mg / kg, respectively, for one month. Treatment group 3 received testosterone enantate for 4 weeks and after 4 weeks, they received intraperitoneal injection of jujube extract at a dose of 800 mg / kg for one week. At the end of the experiments, the animals were first anesthetized with ether and tissue samples of the ovaries were prepared for histological examination and H&E staining. Collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Tukey post hoc tests.
 
Results: The results of the present study indicated that testosterone enanthate produced polycystic follicle in rat's ovary. A significant decrease was seen in polycystic ovary in treatment groups with ZHE compared with the witness group (P<0.001).
 
Conclusion: Zizyphus jujube L is likely improved the polycystic ovary syndrome due to its specific chemicals and compounds such as ascorbic acid, flavonoids, vitamins A and C and calcium
 
   
 

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Background & aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very prevalent and complex hormonal imbalance that affects almost 5 to 10% of women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and histomorphometric changes of ovary in polycystic ovary syndrome induced in rats by letrozole after administration of Evening primrose oil.
 
Methods: In this experimental study conducted in 2019, 32 healthy rats with a mean weight of 200 to 250 g were included in the study. The mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups; Group 1: EPO at dose of 500 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally for twenty-eight days. Group 2: PCOS was administered orally at letrozole at dose of 1 mg/kg body weight for 28 days. The third group: PCOS was induced and for twenty-eight days, EPO at dose of 500 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal injection and the fourth group was induced by PCOS and EPO at a dose of 1000 mg/kg for twenty-eight days. It was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Finally, after fixing the ovarian tissues, histological sections were prepared serially and folliculogenesis was performed based on counting different types of follicles. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.
 
Results: Histomorphometric data showed that EPO at dose of 500 mg/kg increased corpus luteum in the PCOS group treated with EPO compared with the control group (p <0.05). EPO also reduced cystic follicles in both doses compared to the control group (p <0.05)
 
Conclusion: According to the results of histomorphometric study of ovarian tissue, it can be suggested that EPO can have beneficial effects on polycystic ovary syndrome by improving the maturation of follicles.
 

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Background & aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women of reproductive ages. Some medicinal plants have chemical compounds that can prevent the occurrence or development of PCOS. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of palm meristem (HEPM) in female rats with polycystic ovary syndrome induced with estradiol valerate.

Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in 2022, 42 adult female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=7): Control group: (injection of 0.25 ml of normal saline subcutaneously, 0.25 ml of normal saline gavaged, daily). Positive control group: (500 mg/kg HEPM gavaged, daily). Estradiol valerate group: (single subcutaneous injection of estradiol valerate, 2 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml of olive oil). Sham group: (single subcutaneous injection 0.25 ml of olive oil). Treatment group 1 (Estradiol valerate 2 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml of olive oil + HEPM 250 mg/kg gavaged, daily). Treatment group 2 (Estradiol valerate 2 mg/kg in a volume of 0.25 ml of olive oil + HEPM 500 mg/kg gavaged, daily). The experiments lasted for 50 days. After the end of the experiments, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg body weight) and then a blood sample of 5 ml was taken from the inferior vena cava and the ovaries were removed. Blood samples were separated after centrifugation and sent to the laboratory for biochemical and hormonal tests. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogrof-Smironov statistical tests, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

Results: The results indicated that estradiol valerate caused PCOS in rats. The serum level of testosterone hormone in the rats of the estradiol valerate group increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.001). The serum level of estradiol and progesterone hormones in rats of the estradiol valerate group had a significant decrease compared to the control group (p<0.001). In treatment groups 1 and 2, there was a significant decrease in testosterone and a significant increase in the serum level of estradiol and progesterone (p<0.001). 

Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that hydroethanolic extract of palm meristem due to compounds such as Phytoestrogens, flavonoids and other antioxidant substances are able to protect the ovarian tissue against the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome against estradiol valerate.
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