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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the most countries. Its development is determined by genetic and environmental factors. The major known risk factors are elevated LDL and reduced HDL. There is a direct correlation between these factors and dietary intake. Fructose intake has increased during the past years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the consequences of short-term fructose consumption on plasma lipids in male rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was performed in pharmacology department of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2005. Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were recruited, divided into two groups of 15, and were fed either 10% fructose in drinking water for 2 weeks or drinking water. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and HDL was measured on the first and fifteenth days. All the data were compared with T student test and analyzed with SPSS software. Results: The concentration of serum triglycerides, cholesterol on the fifteenth day were not significantly different as compared with the first day whereas the concentration of LDL and HDL were significantly different between day 15 and day 1 (p<0.05). The ratio of LDL/HDL, Cholesterol/HDL and triglyceride/HDL on day 15 wee significantly different as compared with day 1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, it can be suggested that fructose intake for short period increases the CHD risk factors