---

Background & Aim: Quality of life promotion is important for control of type II diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of demographical, psychological and disease characteristics factors on quality of life in patients with type II diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010-2011 in outpatient's diabetic clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 269 outpatients with type II diabetes were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by scales of Quality of Life Scale, Depression of DASS, diabetes self-management, diabetes knowledge, and demographical Information-disease characteristics questionnaire and analyzed, using correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results: there was a significantly positive relationship between self-management and diabetes knowledge with quality of life. Moreover, there was a significantly negative relationship between diabetes duration, depression, HbA1c and diabetes complications with quality of life (P<0.001). Diabetes duration, self-management, diabetes knowledge, HbA1c, depression, diabetes complications and socio-economic status significantly predicted the quality of life variance in patients with type II diabetes (P<0.001). The duration of diabetes had the most significant role in defining the quality of life among these patients. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that diabetes duration, self-management, diabetes knowledge, Glycated hemoglobin, depression, diabetes complications and socio-economic status are important in quality of life for patients with type II diabetes.

---

Background & aim: Authority delegation means to transmit part of organization`s manager and leader`s special authorities and executive duties, regardless its root to subordinates and heads of units and related offices to speed up implementing affairs and organizational purposes quickly and on time. The purpose of this study was to inspect authority delegation in health centers of Boyerahmad district through using model to combine suggestions (to identify process) and Delphi method (expert`s opinions) . Methods: This cross-sectional study was implemented in two stages at first stage, research community was authorities of Boyerahmad health centers (58 persons), their suggestions about requested processes to delegate were gathered by total count through open questionnaires and in second stage, which was Delphi, suggestions gathered from previous stage judged by 30 experts. Data of both stages analyzed by help of Chi-square, correlation coefficient tests. Results: Findings showed that 73.85% of suggestions were able to be delegated, based on expert`s opinion. 40% of suggestions were in domain of official, 36.92% financial and 23.08% hygienic. 88% less than 6 years management background. 20.69% had no academic studies and only 27% were general physicians. Conclusion: By participation of environmental management levels, several processes may be specified and identify cases which are possible to delegate them executively using Delphi (expert`s opinion) and this model can be used as a trust worthy method to delegate authority for decentralization. Key words: Participation Management, Health centers, Authority delegation

---

Abstract Background & aim: infertility and the attitude of the society toward it, makes women and even men deal with many emotional disturbances. Infertile women tolerate more stress than fertile women. Stress can reduce the amount of happiness and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stress management skills training (cognitive-behavioral) on happiness of infertile women. Methods: In this clinical-trial study, the cases of infertile women who were referred to the Infertility Center of Shiraz in the summer of 2011were studied. A total of 24 infertile women with high stress scores were selected by purposive sampling and divided into two experimental and control groups. The stress management training (cognitive-behavioral) was instructed during 10 weekly sessions on the target group. Using Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, a pre-test and a post-test was completed. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and ANCOVA. Results: The difference between the mean happiness was significant after controlling of the pretest variables in the two groups. The mean scored happiness of the experimental group significantly increased compared to the control group in the post-test (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The results indicated that the control effectiveness of stress management therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy on happiness levels of infertile women. Key words: Happiness, Cognitive- Behavioral, Stress Management, Infertility

---

Background & aim: Adolescence is an important period of human development. Adolescents have to cope with various common stressors. Therefore, adolescence often has been thought of as a peak time of stress. Stress is one of the aspects of a students’ daily life. Stress can lead to physical and psychological complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management training on school psychological well-being and school satisfaction on teenage girls in Urmia, Iran. Methods: The present quasi experimental pretest-posttest plan with 2 groups was selected to conduct this study and well-being and life satisfaction (school satisfaction component) questionnaires were used to collect data. The population of this study was adolescent girls aged 15-14 years in the 2010-2011 academic years. Thirty female students were selected through random sampling technique. They were placed in 2 groups of 15 subjects ( 1 control group and 1 experimental group). After the Pre-test, the participants in experimental group were given cognitive-behavioral techniques training for 1/5 hours in 10 session. The control group did not received any training in all these session. After these sessions, the groups were evaluated once again. Results: analysis of t-test showed that post-test well-being and school satisfaction of 2 groups showed a meaningful difference. Difference between pre-test and post-test score in experimental group and control group in psychological well-being was significant (p= 0/01). It could be claimed that results were product of operation (99% level of confidence). Also, the difference between pre-test and post-test score in experimental group and control group in psychological well-being was significant (p= 0/95). It could be claimed that results were product of operation (95% level of confidence). Conclusion: training of cognitive-behavioral stress management techniques increased well-being and school satisfaction in experimental group in comparison with control group. Cognitive-behavioral stress management training could be used as an independent manner and/or with other therapies to increase school satisfaction and psychological well-being.

---

Abstract

Background & aim: There are many mechanisms for the development of human resources, which career development is one of its central components. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to career development faculty members (Medical and Non-medical) of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran.

Methods: The present paper was a cross-sectional, descriptive correlation method study.  The study population consisted of 535 faculty members (medical, government, NGOs) in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer province, Iran, of which 400 participants were randomly selected for the present study. Data were collected through standard questionnaires as a research tool, of career development, career planning and career management for data analysis and statistical tests including linear regression, t-test, regression, and correlation coefficient was used.

Results: Career development status and its related factors (Career management and career planning) scientific faculty members was desirable. The findings show that between career planning and career management, career development, a significant positive correlation was observed (P % of career path development change was related to career path management.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the design and implementation of individual career planning and career management career by leading the development of the organization. These three lead to the realization of collaborative environment, work-life balance, organizational justice, organizational learning and organizational evaluation of individual activities which are helpful and effective.

---

Background and aim: Adverse effects inner anger and interpersonal relationships will follow on from the other parent behavior management training and promoting and improving relations between parent-child.در این راستا هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مدیریت رفتار براساس مدل بارکلی در کاهش خشم دانش آموزان دختر و پسر قلدر دوره اول متوسطه بود.

Methods: The present Experimental research used a pretest– posttest and a control group. جامعه آماری شامل دانش آموزان دختر و پسر دوره اول متوسطه شهر تبریز که در سال تحصیلی 93-1392 مشغول به تحصیل بودند. The population consisted of male and female junior high school students in Tabriz who were enrolled in the 2012-2013 school year. به منظور اجرای پژوهش پس از انجام سرند توسط معلمان و اجرای پرسشنامه قلدر/قربانی الویوس، 30نفر از کودکانی که براساس نمرات کسب شده در پرسشنامه الویوس، به عنوان قلدر طبقه بندی شده بودند به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه 15 نفری آزمایش و کنترل جایگزین شدند؛ و پس از تکمیل پرسشنامه خشم نیلسون(2000) توسط دانش آموزان قلدر؛ والدین گروه آزمایش به مدت 9جلسه (45 دقیقه ای) در برنامه آموزش مدیریت رفتار قرارگرفتند، ولی گروه کنترل هیچگونه آموزشی دریافت نکرد.Therefore, after screening by the teachers and the Nelson anger questionnaire, 30 children who, according to scores on the questionnaire were bullies, were classified randomly into two groups of 15 cases and controls were replaced and after completing the questionnaire anger Nilsson (2000) bullying by students, parents groups for 9 sessions (45 minutes each) were treated in a management training program, while the control group received no training. آزمودنی ها پس پایان جلسات آموزش مدیریت رفتار والدین ، مورد بررسی مجدد قرار گرفتند. Parent Management Training participants after the end of the session, were reviewed and followed a month later. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری18 SPSS و با استفاده از شاخص های توصیفی و آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیری مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاکی از اثربخشی آموزش مدیریت رفتاری والدین بر کاهش خشم نوجوانان قلدر (05/0 P< ) بود. Data were analyzed by the SPSS version 18 statistical software using descriptive indicators and multivariate analysis.

Results: The results indicated the effectiveness of Parent Management Training to Reduce Anger of the teen bullies (P <0.05), respectively.فقط در مولفه های ناکامی و پرخاشگری بدنی تفاوت معنی داری نبود و در مقایسه اثربخشی آموزش مدیریت رفتار به دختران و پسران گروه آزمایش، نتایج نشان داد که در بین دختران و پسران گروه آزمایش تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد این نشانگر این است که آموزش مدیریت رفتار به والدین درکاهش خشم نوجوانان قلدر، هردوگروه تاثیر مثبت داشته است. . نتایج درمرحله پیگیری نیز تفاوت معناداری (05/0 P< ) را بین گروه آزمایش وکنترل نشان داد. The results of the follow-up phase difference (P <0.05) between the test and control groups, respectively.

Conclusion: The findings revealed that the behavioral management training had been effective in reducing anger bullying teenagers that might have been due to the effect of education on their daily relations.

کلید واژه‌ها: آموزش مدیریت رفتار، بهزیستی روانشناختی، قلدری Keywords: Anger, Bulling, Behavior management training

---

1. Abstract

   Background and aim: Nowadays talented human resources are considerd as the most important and valuable organizational asset. Proper management of these major asset, the the most essential task manager and the progress of any organization in this field is fierce competition with competitor. The aim of this study was to develop a model system for talent management in universities in the country.

   Methods: In this study the population was composed of 10 Azad Universities university faculty members include of specialists and human resource managers at the national level the country. Data were collected from questionnaires that approved by Cronbach's alpha reliability was used.   Interpretive Structural Equation Modeling were applied for interactive display input and output elements. Input and output components of the talent management system to help Grounded theory and literature were identified. The data were analyzed by t-test and Vlnykaksvn.

   Results: The results showed that talent management can lead to individual and organizational elevation, as the highest level of academic performance. The research findings indicate that the results or outputs of individual talent management, are prior to the organizational results. 

   Conclussion: Based on the findings and outcomes obtained, it is recommended to university authorities to identify talent, develop their talents and try their best to maintain their dominant reality.

---

Background & aim: The food that man needs is produced in a relatively long chain and after various stages of procurement, transportation, processing, storage, packaging and finally consuming, thus proper management of this chain is of great importance for providing health . The purpose of this study was to design and develop an appropriate and native model for controlling food health control in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province using the experience and nutrition models of several developed countries and the views of experts and nutritionists.
 
Methods: The present study applied a qualitative-quantitative and applied-qualitative, descriptive and comparative method was used in a cross-sectional mannerin. At the initial design stage, the model initially identified several factors and program aspects Management and food safety, and food safety monitoring of food products in the country (province) and selected countries. Primary criteria and components of applied questionnaires were developed using the theory of nutrition experts and experts in this field, extracted, classified and tailored to the specific objectives of the study. To test the pattern with a survey approach by receiving the views through a questionnaire in three stages, the review and necessary amendments were made based on the proportion of each of the indicators and criteria. The methods of analysis are mainly descriptive and conceptual analysis, Structural modeling analysis tool and use of LaserLevel software.
 
Results: This model was developed in the form of 80 sub-components, and four main factors, including: factors affecting food control management 33 factors, 28 factors planning, organizing monitoring, 12 factors and factors influencing the financing of health control management Food is 7 factors.This pattern can be used as a framework for ensuring the quality and safety of the food industry. Finally, in order to determine the appropriateness of the proposed model and its adaptation to the needs and requirements of the industries and companies and food and nutrition management unit organizations, using the hierarchical analysis method, the importance coefficients of each dimension, components and indicators available in the pattern for the country of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province.
 
Conclusion :This study may be useful in providing an appropriate management system for managing food health control in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province, which provides the improvement of the state of health of the food industry, an appropriate technique for monitoring and control in organizations that are part of their duties in the field of food .
 
 

---

Background & aim: The purpose of this study was to design a questionnaire for prenatal health care in order to step through the design of a standard tool for measuring and promoting prenatal care. Reducing maternal mortality rates requires extensive management of various aspects of care during different stages of pregnancy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a management questionnaire for prenatal care.

 

Methods: This descriptive-comparative study was carried out to accomplish a comparative study among the advanced countries; therefore, a simple random sampling method based on the population and availability of information available to the three countries (Iran, Japan, and the United Kingdom) was selected. Required data were collected through referrals to official sites, scientific journals, books and databases, and identified the dimensions and indicators that affect health care management and were ranked by experts. Subsequently, with the opinion of specialists and experts, the initial questionnaire was prepared and reassessed by experts. The final questionnaire was distributed to 420 network administrators, randomly assigned to health experts. The data from the field study were analyzed using statistical methods (confirmatory factor analysis).

 

Results: In the present study, the reliability of the reagents, the composite reliability of the conceptual model, the convergent validity of the model and the differential validity were confirmed, and the indicators of the designed questionnaire included the contents of the package of care that included 15 questions; human resources care 8 questions, equipment and logistics 5 questions, system of statistics and information 3 questions, financial resources 5 questions and management of health care delivery 17 questions, reliability of reagents was confirmed by factor load above 0.7.

 

Conclusion: Designing a questionnaire and its application for prenatal care can help managers of Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces focus on structures that are effective in promoting health care during pregnancy and can improve the quality and quantity of prenatal health care.

 

---

Background & aim: Pregnancy and childbirth in most developing countries are major causes of illness, death and disability of women in reproductive age. Reducing the mortality rate of pregnant mothers requires extensive management in different aspects of care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the effects of management model structures on prenatal health care in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province.

Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study carried out in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province on health network managers of affiliated cities, family health experts, health workers and midwives working in comprehensive health services centers in quantitative and qualitative manner in 2018. To collecting data, questionnaires were distributed among 420 target groups using multistage sampling method.  Descriptive statistics were used to describe the quantitative variables of the central indicators such as mean and standard deviation, as well as qualitative variables. Then, PLS software was used for path analysis, structural equation modeling, path coefficients and T values.

 

Results: In this study, 400 targets were participated, 70% of whom were female and the rest were male. Most participants (51.5%) were between 25 and 35 years of age. In this study, the effect of facilities and equipment on care (p <0.01), procurement management, care delivery (p <0.001), ICT system (p <0.001) and care contents (p <0.01), and financial resources (p <0.05) had significant effect, while HRM was not significant and had the least effect on prenatal health care management.

 

Conclusion: The results showed that provincial managers should pay special attention to the improvement of ICT structures, facilities, equipments and human resources management.

 

 

---

---

Background & aim: As health and financial resources become more complex and limited in health care organizations, outsourcing and proper management become more important. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the dimensions of management and design a model for outsourcing management of non-clinical services in public hospitals.
 
Methods: The present a descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2021. The study population included health system policy makers, outsourcing experts and managers of public hospitals. A 28-item questionnaire was used to collect data, the variables of which were extracted from comparative studies of selected countries. The validity of the structure was evaluated by experts and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was determined to be 0.85. In order to obtain reliable results, the final questionnaire was distributed among 308 people in the research community. For sampling using the stratified method and data analysis, factor analysis was performed using statistical tests and the final model was extracted.
 
Results: According to the final model, 6 main and effective factors on outsourcing management were identified, which included: planning, decision making, performance management, contracting, communication and knowledge management. Planning factors with coefficients of 0.94 had the most impact and knowledge management had the least effect with a coefficient of 0.34 in the outsourcing management of non-clinical services in Iranian hospitals.
 
Conclusion: According to the model, there were various factors in effective management that dimensions related to planning and decision making are of special importance and it is necessary to pay more attention when outsourcing non-clinical services in public hospitals.
 
 
 

---

Background & aim: Globally, stroke ranks as the second most common cause of death and places a substantial financial burden on society. Stroke imposes a significant burden on the global health system. Clinical manifestations of stroke can quickly cause mild to severe nerve damage, which is mainly caused by lack of blood flow, but the impact of a stroke goes beyond the initial brain damage. The progression of cognitive decline may be even more important than stroke, as post-stroke cognitive impairment affects stroke survivors. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of neuropsychological rehabilitation on memory and mood regulation among stroke patients residing in Yasuj, Iran.
Methods: A semi-experimental research design was employed in the present study, which included a pretest, posttest, and a 6-month follow-up. The study focused on stroke patients between the ages of 20 and 60 residing in Yasuj, Iran, from 2021 to 2022. Thirty individuals were purposefully selected from the statistical population, and then, using random sampling were divided into two groups, experimental (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals). The experimental group underwent 22 sessions of 90-minute treatments. To collect research data, the following measures were used: Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the protocol for neuropsychological rehabilitation treatment, the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Harrington's frustration tolerance questionnaire, and the go/no-go test. The statistical analysis of the research data was conducted by utilizing the covariance or variance test with repeated measurements along with the Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS-21 software.
Results: The results indicated that the neuro-psychotherapeutic rehabilitation approach had a significant effect on memory (F=92.37, p=0.001), as well as on the components of mood management, including anxiety (F=90.42, p=0.001), depression (F=85.6, p=0.001), learned helplessness (F=68.9, p=0.001), and reactivity (F=46.8, p=0.001) in individuals with stroke.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that among the therapeutic methods useful for memory rehabilitation and mood management, neuropsychological rehabilitation is one of the most effective methods.

---

Background & aim: The family is the place to satisfy various physical, intellectual and emotional needs, and having awareness of biological and psychological needs and knowing how to satisfy them and being equipped with techniques and recognizing biological and psychological tendencies is an undeniable necessity. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of teaching emotion management strategies based on emotionally focused couple therapy (EFT) and schema-based couple therapy on couples' communication patterns.

Methods: The present semi-experimental study used a pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The studied community included all couples with marital dissatisfaction who referred to the psychological clinic of Tankabon, Iran, to solve their problems; And the research sample included 45 couples who were selected by purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into three experimental groups: 1 (15 couples), 2 (15 couples) and control (15 couples). The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of teaching emotion management strategies based on emotion-oriented couple therapy (EFT) and schema-based couple therapy on communication patterns of couples. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk, Lunn, Bonferroni and Greenhouse tests.

Results: The results indicated that training emotion management strategies based on emotion-oriented couple therapy (EFT) and schema-based couple therapy increased communication patterns compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of teaching emotion management strategies based on emotion-oriented couple therapy (EFT) and schema-based couple therapy on communication patterns of couples in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05). And teaching emotion management strategies based on emotion-oriented couple therapy approach was more effective than schema-based couple therapy in communication patterns of couples.
Conclusion: As a result, emotion training and self-awareness training is an effective method in increasing communication patterns of couples.

 

---

Background & aim: Hospital wastes contain a wide range of microorganisms and require special management due to their dangerous properties, and their improper disposal is considered a serious threat to the environment and public health. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and influence the educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on the behaviors of employees in the waste management of Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran.

Methods: The present interval study was conducted in 2018 on all healthcare personnel (170 people) and service workers (32 people) of Hafez hospital of Shiraz, Iran. The statistical population of the present study was completed by enumeration. The measurement tool in the present study was a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior and knowledge assessment which its validity and reliability were estimated and used by experts. Other tools included a waste management evaluation checklist which included management infrastructure, separation, collection, transportation, temporary storage, disposal, and weighing form of hospital wastes. The present study was conducted in two stages before and after the educational intervention. In the first stage, before the educational intervention, information was collected through questionnaires, a waste management evaluation checklist, and waste weighing continuously for a week. Then the educational content was designed. Two months after the educational intervention, in the second stage, the health care and service workers completed the questionnaires once more. Moreover, the checklist was completed and the waste was weighed over again. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and parametric (paired t-test) and non-parametric (Wilcoxon) tests.

Results: The findings indicated a significant difference in the mean score of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention among both group health care workers and service workers after the intervention (P<0.001). After educational interventions, a significant difference in normal waste per capita was found (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in infectious waste, sharp waste, and pharmaceutical chemical waste per capita(P≥0.005). There was a significant difference in waste management in terms of separation, collection, transportation, and disposal (P<0.001). The infrastructure management and temporary maintenance were the same before and after the educational intervention.

Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior are effective in raising the awareness of health care and service workers and improving hospital waste management. Furthermore, the use of educational strategies and appropriate educational content can increase the quality of educational interventions.

---

Background & aim: Human health is a fundamental right and a valuable asset for all members of a society at any level and social class. The existence of a strong and stable health system in a country displays the all-round stability of that society. The three main characteristics for evaluating the performance of the health system include the health status of the community, citizens' satisfaction with the services provided by the health sector, and protection against financial risks. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to design an efficient model for cost management of non-surgical cancer treatment in Iran.

Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study with a survey method conducted in 2018. The method of data collection was a library (through examining hospital records) and the tool used was a questionnaire. For this purpose, an available sample consisting of 50 elites from the fields of health service management and health economics was selected and were asked to answer the designed questionnaire. The data collected by means of the main statistics used in the Delphi technique were the central measurements (mean, median and mean) and dispersion index, standard deviation and interquartile range.

Results: The amount of extracted variances was 0.529 after management of visit costs, 0.518 after management of diagnosis costs, 0.494 after management of hospitalization costs, 0.496 after management of chemotherapy costs, and 0.501 after management of radiation therapy costs. These results indicated that the amount of extracted variances was higher than 0.5; moreover, all the AVE values of the model dimensions were lower than the combined reliability, as a result the, condition of convergent validity was established.

Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the costs of non-surgical cancer treatment could be classified into 5 main indicators, including the cost of visits, diagnosis, hospitalization, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.