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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Horseshoe kidney is seen in about 1 in 400 persons. It is found more commonly in males by 2: 1 margin . It can be seen in all age groups but in autopsy series. It is more prevalent in children, that is related to the high incidence of multiple congenital anomalies associated with the horseshoe kidney, some of which are incompatible with long- term survival. Case: The patient was a 25 years old man who presented with RLQ pain from 2 months before admission. In physical Examination, there was tenderness in this area. All routine lab data were in normal range. Sonography showed normal left kidney , absence right kidney and a large cystic structure occupying the left and posterior aspect of the bladder. IVP showed non visualization of right kidney , malrotation of left kidney and a filling defect in the right side of the bladder. C.T. Scan with and without IV contrast confirmed above data. Cystoscopy revealed hemitrigone with a mass effect . Surgical exploration showed, ectopic right ureter within ejaculatory ducts. All its abnormal course, deviating to left side and ending in a fibro vascular structure attached to an isthmus on vertebral column. 2 months later the patient were admitted in neurosurgical ward and underwent craniotomy due to brain aneurysm. Conclusion: Horseshoe kidney may present with unilateral renal agenesis or only with a rudimentary kidney with ectopic ureter.

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Background: The third common urinary tract disease was renal stone, after the UTI and pathologic states of kidney. TUL is most useful and effective for removing the stones of inferior ureter. In other hand aminophylline can decrease urinary tract spasm. Then, combination of TUL and aminophylline help us to reduce the complication of TUL. Methods and materials: We have study on 87 case of renal colic who referred to Imam Khomeini hospital of sari and Tooba clinic. This study was a double blind systematic randomized clinical trial that patients were divided to two group as 1 and 2: group one includes patients who received aminophylline and group 2 were selected as our control samples. Our sample size was calculated by statistic analysis according to recent studies. Result: The average of TUL time was 5.12± 1.77 min in group 1 and 6.59± 3.47 min in group 2(p<0.05) and the success percents of TUL was 97.6% in group 1 and 84% in group 2(p>0.05). ESWL was used in one patient of group 1 because of remaining of stone, but 7 patients of group 2 did not response to Transureter lithotripsy, then they needed ESWL. Complication were not seen in patient who received Aminophylline and mean arterial pressure and heart rate was equal in two group. Conclusion: The difference of TUL Time between two groups was meaningful. As you know, aminophylline has an antispasmotic effect on urinary tract and tract with smooth muscle, and according to our finding, usage of aminophylline can reduce the complication of TUL and increase success rate of Lithotripsy in this patient. In other hand, it complications was few.

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Abstract:
Background and aim: Sodium arsenite is an environmental pollutant which its amounts in industrial cities are more than other places because of its use in chemical industry and has histopathological effects on different body organs including kidney. Rosa damascene is one of the important medicinal plants. The purpose of this study, the effect of Rosa damascene L. hydro alcohol Petal extract on kidney in male rats treated with arsenic.
 
Methods: In this experimental study 30 male rats with 200-250gr body weight were divided randomly into 5 groups (n=6): control, negative control (treated with arsenic) and three groups of patients were affected by arsenic with 150 mg/kg b.w ,300 mg/kg b.w and 450 mg/kg b.w Rosa damascene hydro alcohol petal extract respectively. Arsenic was affected in drinking water groups and hydro alcoholic extract of rose petals for injection was injected intraperitoneally. After the injection the blood samples were collected from heart directly and BUN and creatinine were analyzed. Also the kidney tissue samples were isolated and then fixed with formaline for thepreparation of histological sections were performed stained with H & E.  Data were analyzed using one-way of statistics ANOVA and significant level was considered of P <0.05.
 
Results: Our results showed that the arsenic has case kidney damage. Serum level of BUN and creatinine in the control group whowed a significant increase compared to the arsenic group (P<0.001). The situation significantly decreased on the group that treated by Rosa damascene L. hydro alcohol Petal extract extract (P<0.001).
 
Conclusion: This study showed  that Rosa damascene  extract has protective compounds such as antioxidants and flavonoids which can protect from oxidative stresses and  arsenic -induced kidney toxicity.
 
Keywords:

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Abstract:
 
Background and Aim:  Zinc phosphate is a solid gray chemical compound whose commercial sample is dark or even black and white. Severe hypertension and cardiac poisoning are the most serious complications of zinc phosphate poisoning and are associated with a high mortality rate. Poisoning with zinc phosphide as a rat poison, which has similar effects to aluminum phosphide tabletsis is uncommon. The report relates to a death case following poisoning with zinc phosphide mice.
 
Case Report: The patient was a young 18-year-old man who was admitted to suicide attempted at hospital. Due to the lack of toxic poison, the patient was treated with supravavalin as probable toxicity. After several hours of admission, his level of consciousness was reduced with deep breathing. In the tests after the onset of shortness of breath, pH was 6.94, HCO3: 4.9, blood sugar 21, creatinine 6.1 and BUN: 24. Then, the zinc phosphate was detected. Despite the onset of treatment, after 1 hour, the patient suffered from cardiopulmonary arrest and eventually died.
 
Conclusion: Poisoning with zinc phosphide can cause acute renal failure. Considering that phosphide is one of the poisonous toxins of rodents, especially in rat poison, toxic poisoning with phosphodies is also recommended in poisonous toxin poisoning cases.
 
 

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Abstract

Background and Aim: Herbal remedies are used to treat hypercholesterolemia. In this study, the effect of AGSE on renal building changes and oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic female rats was investigated.

 

Methods: In this experimental study, 30 female rats were randomly divided in 5 groups of 6 subjects. The control group was healthy with normal diet, the healthy group was treated with 500 mg / kg AGSE, two groups of mice after induction of hypercholesterolemia, 300 mg / kg and 500 mg / kg of AGSE were gavaged for 30 days. The fifth group was treated with normal water and diet after induction of hypercholesterolemia. At the end of the experiment period, weighed the rats and after weaning and blood collection, the left kidneys were weighed then placed into formalin 10%, and 5 micrometers were cut and stained with H & E histological studies. Oxidative stress parameters were measured in the right kidney and the biochemical parameters were measured in plasma. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (ANOVA) and Tukey's test.

 

Results: In hypercholesterolemic mice, the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and weight of mice increased significantly. However, the catalase and renal glomeruli were significantly decreased. While in AGSE-treated rats, these parameters were significantly improved.

 

Conclusion: The Seed Extract (AGSE) of Anethum graveolens L. with 500 mg / kg, in addition to preserving the structure of the kidney, can have a positive effect on the reduction of blood lipids and lipid peroxidation damage in the kidney in hypercholesterolemia conditions.

 

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Abstract                
Background & aim: The use of non-enzymatic antioxidants in food supplements and proper exercise can have a positive effect on decreasing oxidative stress by free radical hunting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and consumption of l-carnitine on some of the oxidative stress factors in diabetic kidney.
 
Methods: In the present experimental study, 45 male Wistar rats(200-300 gr) were randomly divided into six groups: 1) sham group, 2) healthy control group 3) diabetic control group, 4) diabetic group receiving l-carnitine, 5) diabetic group of aerobic training, 6) diabetic group of aerobic training and receiving l-carnitine. Rats were diabetic peritoneal injected with nicotinic amide and a single dose of STZ of 55 mg / kg body weight. Rats in the L-carnitine group received daily of 100 mg of l-carnitine orally. The aerobic exercise protocol included five sessions per week on the treadmill. Data were analyzed by two way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at P <0.05.
 
Results: Six weeks of aerobic exercise, supplementation of  l-carnitine and combined intervention of aerobic exercise and supplementation of l-carnitine do not have a significant effect on MDA and SOD  factors of kidney  tissue in diabetic rats(p>0.05). However, six weeks of aerobic exercise had a significant effect on GPX factor in kidney tissue in diabetic rats (p=0.003). Moreover, supplementation   and combined intervention of aerobic exercise and supplementation of l-carnitine did not have a significant effect on GPX factor of kidney tissue in diabetic rats (p>0.05)
 
Conclusion: L-carnitine supplementation intake with regular exercise can have beneficial effects on the body, antioxidant defense system and decreases oxidative stress in rats with type 2 diabetes.

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Background & aim: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is an inflammatory process in which multiple inflammatory factors are involved. Recently, one of the ways to alleviate inflammation in AKI is to apply pre-conditioned ischemic remote control (RIPerC). The aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the protective role of long-term ischemic preconditioning in acute injury of all ischemia due to resection through the TLR-4 and TNF-α signaling pathways in the rat.
 
Methods: The present experimental study was conducted in 2016 on 30 male rats of Sprag Dolly breed with a weight range of 250 to 280 grams. Ratings were divided into three equal groups of control, re-ischemic resection (I / R) and re-ischemic resection with long-term ischemic preconditioning (RIPerC) predisposition. In this study, I / R re-bleeding was observed with bilateral closure of the artery and renal vein for 45 minutes and 24 hours. The RIPerC model consisted of four five-minute cycles (two minutes for closing the left femoral artery and three minutes for re-bleeding) at the onset of ischemic-renal failure. At the end of the resuscitation period, urine, blood, and kidney tissue samples were collected for functional, structural, and molecular analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software.
 
Results: Ischemia-reperfusion caused tissue damage and subsequently impaired renal function, which was demonstrated by a decrease in creatinine clearance and an increase in its relative sodium excretion. In addition, in the I/R group, mRNA level of TLR-4 and TNF-α in tissue increased, whereas RIPerC (in this group, during ischemia, ischemia, and reperfusion in the femoral artery was done) simultaneously with I/R improved kidney structure and function and decreased expression of TLR-4 and TNF-α.
 
Conclusion: RIPerC protected the kidney against ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury and probably this protective effect was exerted by inhibition of TLR-4 signaling pathway in the kidney.
 
 

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Background & aim: Nanotechnology is a new research field with wide applications in cancer management. Among the various metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have been used to treat many cancers due to their high antitumor potential. Despite the potential benefits of these nanoparticles, the extent to which they affect normal cells has become a challenge. In addition, their anti-cancer effects on 5637 bladder cancer cells have not been well established. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-cancer effects of silver nanoparticles on the survival of 5637 bladder cancer tumor cells in comparison with normal embryonic kidney cells HEK-293.
 

Methods: In the present experimental study performed in 2021, the survival of 5637 cells of bladder cancer and normal cells of embryonic kidney (HEK-293) 24 hours after treatment with 30-50 nm silver nanoparticles with concentrations (0-125). Micrograms per milliliter was evaluated by MTT(dimethyl thiazole-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test. Morphological changes were also assessed by light microscopy. VEGFA gene expression level and cell migration rate were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and scratch testing, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk statistical tests, one-way and two-way analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc test.

 
Results: The results of the present study indicated that the reduction in survival in 5637 and HEK-293 cells after treatment with silver nanoparticles was dose-dependent, which significantly decreased in 5637 tumor cells. HEK-293 was more than normal cells (p <0.05). In addition, treatment with concentrations of 50 and 60 μg / ml silver nanoparticles significantly reduced VEGFA gene expression (p<0.05) and inhibited the migration of 5637 bladder cancer cells (p<0.001).
 
Conclusion: AgNPs could reduce the viability of 5637 and HEK-293 cells as their inhibitory effects on 5637 cells viability were significantly more than HEK-293. Furthermore, AgNPs suppressed the 5637 cells migration.
 
 
 

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Background & aim: Considering that overweight and obesity in transplant patients are considered as a risk factor for the occurrence of metabolic disorders, heart diseases and reduced kidney function, therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between anthropometric indicators and kidney function. In addition, the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix gamma carboxyglutamate protein were markers of cardiovascular disease risk in kidney transplant patients.

Methods: The present study was conducted as a cross-sectional study in 2016-2019. Ninety kidney transplant patients referred to Tabriz Imam Reza (AS) hospital clinic, between 18 and 70 years of age and had normal kidney function and were within 6-12 months after transplant, were selected. Weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index and ratio of waist circumference to height were measured. Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and dephosphorylated and non-carboxylated protein matrix gamma carboxyglutamate were measured and glomerular filtration rate was calculated as an index of kidney function. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson and Spearman statistical tests.

Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the subjects was 44.10±13.05 years and 59% of the patients were male. Mean ± standard deviation of weight, body mass index, waist circumference and ratio of waist circumference to height of the patients were 69.61±11.59 kg, 25.77±4.42 kg/m2, 94.07±15.48 cm and respectively. It was 0.58±0.11. The prevalence of overweight and obesity based on body mass index was 38% and 17%, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation of the glomerular filtration rate is 57.45±12.61 ml/min per 1.73 square meter and the serum level of fibroblast growth factor-23 is 73.63±20.9 units/ml and the median (25th percentile) and the 75th percentile) the dephosphorylated and non-carboxylated protein gamma carboxy glutamate matrix of serum was also (1.3, 60.20) 2.40 micrograms/liter. Significant correlation between anthropometric indices with glomerular filtration rate and serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix gamma carboxy glutamate dephosphorylated and non-carboxylated protein, as well as between glomerular filtration rate and serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and matrix gamma carboxy glutamate dephosphorylated protein and Non-carboxylated was not observed (p>0.05). A significant inverse correlation was observed between serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and dephosphorylated and non-carboxylated protein gamma-carboxyglutamate matrix (p=0.036).

Conclusion: Considering that in the present study, the average weight, body mass index and also the performance of all patients were almost within the normal range, therefore, there is a significant relationship between anthropometric indices with glomerular filtration rate and serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-23 and gamma carboxy matrix. Dephosphorylated and non-carboxylated protein glutamate was not observed.

 

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Background and purpose: One of the complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is kidney disease. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of TRX exercises with the addition of avodin on biochemical factors and renal function in patients with RA. Method: 40 people with RA were divided into four groups (N=10): 1) exercise, 2) supplement, 3) exercise+supplement, 4) control. At first, blood was taken from all the subjects to measure the serum level of creatinine (Cr), urea (Urea), urea nitrogen (BUN) and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Then TRX exercises and Avodin supplementation (3 sessions per week, 8 weeks, 300 mg/kg body weight) were performed. 2x4 ANOVA test was used to determine the difference between groups, and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to determine pairwise differences between groups. Also, to check the pre-post-test differences in each group, paired t-test was used. All statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS 27 and the significance level was considered P<0.05. Findings: Significant weight loss in the exercise-supplement group compared to the control group (P=0.037) and the supplement group (P=0.021) and a significant increase in urea, creatinine, BUN and eGFR in the supplement group. compared to other groups (P<0.05) was observed. Also, after examining the pre-post-test and their effect size, it was observed that exercise+supplement had a significant decrease in all variables and had the greatest decreasing effect on them. Conclusion: TRX can reduce the side effects of this supplement and complement the positive effects of the supplement.