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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: The age realated cataract surgery is most common ophthalmic surgery. Today the method of choice for cataract surgery is phacoemulsification. This study was conducted to compare the visual acuity, pre-operation and post operation ECCE & Phacemulsification complication in patients referring to Khalili & Dastgheib Hospital in Shiraz during 1380-1381. Materials & Methods: This prospective non randomized concurrent control study was conducted on 100 cases (52 case of ECCE and 48 case of Phaco). Pre-operative evaluation included age, sex, visual acuity, astigmatism according to keratometry difference and type of cataract. The patients were evaluated during the operation for size, site of incision, posterior capsular rupture, vitreous loss and nucleus dropped in vitreous. Then in 1, 5, 14, 90,180 days post operation, they were examined for BCVA, UNCVA, astigmatism (keratometry and refraction), inflammation, corneal edema, posterior capsular opacity and clinical CME. Results: In this study 100 cases (48 phacemulsification, 52 ECCE) aged 48-76 for cataract surgery were included. Patients were followed for 6 months ofter operation. Mean age in phacemulsification was 58.27 ± 7.26 & in ECCE was 64.71± 6.84. On the fifth day after ECCE, UNCVA  30.60 was 15.3% and in phaco was 62.5%. On the fifth day mean UNCVA in phaco was 30.60 and in ECCE, 20.60. Mean astigmatism on the first day post-operation according to keratometry difference in ECCE was 4.842.08D and in phaco was 2.271.67D and according to refraction in ECCE was 3.622.08D and in phaco was1.911.34D. Posterior capsular rupture in ECCE was 7.6% and in phacor was 12.5%. Vitreous loss in ECCE was 5.7% and in phaco was 10.7%. Corneal edema in the first day post-operation in ECCE was 19.2% and in phaco was 43.8%. Two weeks after operation in all patients who underwent phacoemulsificatio, corneal edema was cleared but in ECCE 3.8% corneal edema continued for 6 months after operation. Nucleus dropped in vitreous occurred only in phaco (2.1%). IOL dislocation after phacoemulsification was 4.1% and 2.1% (1 case) need to IOL removal but this complication was not visible in ECCE. Conclusion: Success rate, Intra operative & post-operative complications in phacoemulsification in comparison to other studies were in an acceptable range. We recommend further study in this case for more documented results.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Preemptive treatment of perioperative and postoperative pain is one of the principle roles of anesthesiologists. Regional anesthesia following injection of anesthetic drug has fewer side effects than local or systemic anesthesia and induces longer analgesia with high quality. This research aimed to compare the effects of adding epinephrine, midazolam and midazolam and neostigmine mixture to lidocaine in patients undergoing transabdominal resection of prostate . Materials & Methods: This is a double blind randomized clinical trial performed in Doctor Shareeati Hospital in Fasa. Ninethy candidate patients for elective transabdominal resection of prostate who were classified in class I and II of ASA were categorized randomly in 3 groups. In group one 100 mg lidocaine 5% plus 5 ųg epinephrine, in group two 100 mg lidocaine 5% plus 2mg midazolam and in group three 100 mg lidocaine 5% plus 2mg midazolam with 25 ųg Neostigmine was injected into subarachnoid space and then the duration of painlessness and side effects such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory and drowsiness intraoperation and 24 hour post operation were recorded. Results: The duration of analgesia was 130.2 ‎±‎11.59 minutes in group one, 321.6‎±30.90 minutes in group two and 1417.8‎±‎53.34 minutes in group three. The incidence of nausea and vomiting in group one was 6.5%, in group two was 6% and in group three was 19.4%. The incidence of drowsiness and respiratory depression in all groups were zero. Conclusion : With co-administration of multiple spinal drugs which act in different sites in pain pathway for reducing pain, we can co administrate 25 mg neostigmine with 2mg midazolam and spinal lidocaine in order to maintain analgesia for 24 hours in patients. The most likely side effects were nausea and vomiting which could be controlled with antiemetic drugs.

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Background & Aim: According to the maternal health, and the fact that cytomegalovirus infection is associated with abortion and the incidence of fetal malformations, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalance of cytomegalovirus infection of women in the reproductive age. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on women of childbearing referred to Yasuj Mofatteh clinic in 2013. Ninety-four eligible women (married women aged 17 to 45 years) were selected by random-stratified sampling. After completing the questionnaire which included demographic and clinical characteristics, blood samples were collected and IgG & IgM antibodies titers against CMV were measured by ELISA. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS and statistical tests and independent T-test & chi-square. Results: 98.9% of the participants (93 eligible women) were positive for anti-CMV IgG antibody, whereas the IgM antibody in only one patient (1.1 %) was border line. Also no significant association was observed between the IgG and IgM antibodies and clinical manifestations with demographic variables. Moreover, the titer of IgG and IgM antibodies and clinical manifestations associated with demographic variables was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that exposure to cytomegalovirus in women at childbearing age was significant in Yasuj and need serious care in order to prevent complications and congenital malformation felt in this group.

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Abstract

Background and Aim:With respect to the increasing of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, identification of new antimicrobial compounds is necessary. Bacterial pigments as bioactive products are one of the agents for identifying new antimicrobial agents. Microorganisms have been considered for the production of new microbial products such as pigments.

Methods: In the present research, a total of 37 pigmented bacterial strains were obtained from soil samples of different regions of Fars province, Iran. These strains contained a wide variety of pigmentation including: red, yellow and green. Strains with different pigmentation were selected for further studies. Pigments were extracted by methanol-water or methanol for secreted and non-secreted pigments, respectively. In order to evaluate the antibacterial activity of pigments, disc diffusion and macrodilution assay were used on MDR Klesiella isolated from clinical samples. Finally, microorganism with anti-bacterial pigment was identified by molecular method. 

Results: Based on the morphology of isolated pigment colonies in different environments and carrying out biochemical tests, the presence of bacteria such as, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter sakazakii, Flavobacter mizutaii, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were identified. The total frequency of Klebsiella isolates was 8.5%. Of the 17 isolated isolates, 12 isolates were completely resistant to all antibiotics, and six isolates were sensitive to the imipenem antibiotic.

All of Klebsiella isolates were multi drug resistance. A Red pigment from Serratia marcessence was the most potent and showed inhibitory effects on MDR Klebsiella.

Conclusion: Isolated microorganisms from environmental resources contained a very diverse collection of pigments, where different pigment structures with different antimicrobial properties can be searched. The present study indicated that bacterial pigments can be effective against MDR Klebsiella isolates.

 

 

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Background & aim: Stigma refers to negative and destructive attitudes and beliefs that society has towards some social groups, such as mental patients, disabled people, or a certain race. In Iran, there is no comprehensive and accurate questionnaire about the stigma of physical disability from a sociological point of view. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the validity and reliability of the physical disability stigma questionnaire.

Methods: The present survey-cross-sectional study that was conducted among 620 people with physical disabilities living in Tehran and Yasuj cities using convenience sampling method. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, content, face, construct, convergent, discriminant, Cross-validated Communality and redundancy were used, and Cronbach's alpha, loop method, and composite reliability were used to evaluate reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS ans PLS analytical softwares.

Results: The results indicated that convergent validity was established at the level of variables (AVE > 0.50) and at the level of items (factor loadings > 0.40) which indicated the validity and accuracy of the investigated items to measure the related variables. According to factor loading values, in measuring social stigma, family stigma dimension (0.770); In the measurement of perceived stigma, the dimension of "feeling being seen differently (0.870)" and in the measurement of self-stigma, the dimension of "avoidance stigma (0.871)" had a greater impact than other dimensions. It was correspondingly displayed that divergent validity was established at the level of variables and items, and according to the Fornell-Larcker index, the square root of the extracted average variance of each factor was greater than the maximum correlation of that factor with other factors. The results of combined reliability indicated that the questionnaire had acceptable internal consistency reliability and the reliability of the measurement model was confirmed (CR > 0.70). Finally, the results of common cross-validity and redundancy revealed that the measurement model had good quality, appropriateness and predictive power (Q2 > 0.11).

Conclusion: According to the validity and reliability indicators of the measurement tool, it can be said that this questionnaire was appropriate in terms of content. The items were able to measure the desired variables. Moreover, the questionnaire had a worthy and satisfactory quality and can be a proper tool for measuring the physical disability stigma.