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Background & Aim: Considering the evidence which show the effect of herbal medicine on renal stone treatment, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Allium Jesdianum on prevention and treatment of calcium oxalate stone in rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, forty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (each group 11 rats) and then studied for 30 days. The Healthy control group only received normal water and a regular diet. The negative control group received 1% ethylene glycol in water during the study. The low dose and high dose preventive groups received 750 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg of Allium Jesdianum with 1% ethylene glycol every day. The 24-hour urine samples of rats were collected on days 1, 15 and 30 of the study. Then, under anesthesia, blood samples were taken directly from the heart. All rats were then killed and pathology of kidneys was checked for crystals of calcium oxalates in renal tubules. Data analysis was done by the SPSS software using One-way ANOVA. Results: The number of calcium oxalate crystals in the negative control group (18.7 ±26.1), the low dose preventive group (5.3±8.2) and high dose preventive group (80.6±82.8) in comparison to the healthy control group were increased and this difference in the high dose preventive group and healthy control group was significant (p <0.05) . Urinary oxalate in the 30th day was more in both preventive groups and negative control group in comparison to healthy control group and this diference was statistically significant (p <0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that Allium Jesdianum doesn't have a preventive effect on the formation of renal stones, and it also increases calcium oxalate crystals in kidney of male wistar rats that need more studies.

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Background & Aim: Given the proven effectiveness of herbal medicines in the treatment of kidney stones, the aim of the present study was defining the effect of hydrophilic extract of Alhagi maurorum on ethylene glycol-induced renal stone in male Wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups and were studied during a 30 day period. Two groups of healthy and prophylactic control received usual water and 1% ethylene glycol in water respectively during the study period. Prophylactic groups of low dose and high dose extract in addition to 1% ethylene glycol in water daily gavaged with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg extract respectively. For measurement of biochemical factors, 24 hour urine samples from all rats were collected in days 0, 15 and 30. After the 30th day, rats were anesthetized with ether, and after taking serum sample from them, they were killed and their kidneys were removed and were sent for pathological evaluation which was examined for presence and volume of calcium oxalate crystals. Results: There was no significant difference between complexes of oxalate calcium crystals between studied groups. Also comparison of urinary oxalate in 30th day was showed that urinary oxalate concentration in preventive and healthy control groups were less than negative control and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study confirmed that the hydrophilic extract of Alhagi maurorum with regard to reduction in urinary oxalate concentration and increase of urinary citrate is effective in preventing of urinary calcium oxalate stones in rat as a suitable model for human stones. The extract had no significant effect in rate of calcium oxalate crystal formation in.

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Abstract Background & aim: Vitrification is a simple and ultra rapid technique for the conservation of fertility. Improving pregnancy rate associate with the use of cryopreserved oocytes would be an important advanced in human assisted reproductive technology (ART). The purpose of this study was to evaluate survival, oocytes maturation and embryo development to the blastocyst stage after vitrification of oocytes germinal vesicle-stage and multi stage Methods: In the present experimental study, germinal vesicle oocytes with or without cumulus cells were transferred to vitrification solution containing 30% (v/v) ethylene glycol, 18% (w/v) Ficoll-70, and 0.3 M sucrose, either by single step or in a step-wise way. After vitrification and storage in liquid nitrogen, the oocytes were thawed and washed twice in culture medium TCM119, and then subjected to in vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture. Data analysis was performed by using One-way variance and Tukey tests. Results: Oocytes survival, metaphase 2 stage oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo formed blastocyst in vitrification methods multistage were significantly higher than the single step procedure (P<0/05) Conclusion: The Germinal vesicle stage oocytes vitrified with cumulus cells and stepwise procedure had positive effect on the survival, maturation and developmental rate on blastocyst compared to oocytes without cumulus cell and single step procedure. Key words: Germinal Vesicle Oocyte, Blastocyst, Vitrification, Ethylene glycol

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Background & aim: Colonoscopy is the main method of colon examination. Acceptable bowel preparation plays an effective role in examining the bowel. Diagnosis and treatment of colon polyps or non-bulging lesions such as vascular malformations and serrated polyps depend on the degree of intestinal cleanliness at the time of assessment. On the other hand, insufficient preparation makes the evaluation more difficult, the evaluation is incomplete, increases the time of colonoscopy and the need to repeat the procedure, and this increases the cost. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and prepare the large intestine for colonoscopy with pidrolox produced in Iran with and without Senagraf syrup in two centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

Methods: In the present prospective, double-blind descriptive study conducted in 2016 on 273 patients in need of non-emergency colonoscopy referred to Shahid Motahari and Shahid Faqihi clinics of Shiraz, Iran, 227 patients were randomly selected into two drug (111) and control groups. (116) were categorized and studied. The effect of adding Senagraf to pidrolox manufactured in Iran with pidrolox along with placebo on the level of intestinal readiness (based on Ottawa scoring) in eligible patients (20-78 years old) who were willing to enter the study was investigated and compared. Collected data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square statistical tests.

Results: The average score of intestinal cleanliness in whole and as well by different parts, in the drug group, was lower than the control group, which confirms better preparation (p=0.001). Compared to older people, younger people had cleaner intestines (p=0.001). The level of bowel preparation in female patients was also better than male patients (p=0.001). The travel time from the rectum to the cecum and the return time from the cecum to the rectum were significantly less than the control group (p=0.001). No significant side effects were observed in both groups.
 
Conclusion: Adding senna to Iranian polyethylene glycol (PEG) before colonoscopy increased bowel preparation and reduces colonoscopy time, without causing additional side effects.