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Background & Aim: The major application of tramadol is for the control of chronic pain and management of postoperative pain in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of premedication with tramadol on xylazine–ketamine anesthesia in animal models. Methods:In this experimental study which was conducted at The Veterinary Medicine School, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, in 2011, 10 dogs from mixed breeds from both sexes, with the mean weight of 20 ± 2 kg were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. In the first group, atropine (0.04 mg/kg), Xylazine (0.55 mg/kg) and ketamine (10 mg/kg) were administered by intramuscular (IM) injection, 5 minutes after either tramadol (2 mg/kg, IV) while in the other group an equal volume of normal saline (IV) used instead of tramadol .Analgesic period and recovery times and physiological parameters were measured and recorded. Data analysis was conducted by using independent sample t- test. Results:Duration of analgesia was 17.2 minutes in tramadol group and 36.4 minutes in saline group. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.02). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, addition of tramadol to xylazine/ketamine reduces the duration of analgesia.

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Abstract Background & aim: Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution. One of the most important diseases common to man and animals. The aim of this study was to report a case of a patient with leptospirosis. Case Report: A 32 year old man from the southern tropical city of Kangan due to high fever, muscle pain, eye redness, enlarged liver and spleen voltage and the physical examination, slight yellowing of the conjunctiva was referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Yasuj. Initial treatment of the patient's fever and flu-like symptoms before the test was ordered by physicians with antibiotics and patients' vital signs such as fever were controlled. After testing many different diseases and suspect cases, leptospirosis was confirmed. Conclusion: There is a risk of leptospirosis in presence of rodents in tropical vector and also the ecological conditions. When flu-like symptoms, enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice and symptoms of kidney involvement disease and failure to respond to conventional treatments exist, suspected cases of leptospirosis should not be missed and therefore better diagnostic tests should be conducted. Keywords: Leptospirosis, Animal, Febrile, Flu

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Background & aim: Considering the importance of the skin in regulating the temperature and maintaining body fluids and its prominent role in the defense system, it is important to improve any discontinuity in the skin, which is called a wound. Although limited and superficial wounds heal by themselves, the treatment of deep wounds requires drug therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and prepare a topical cream containing the extract of the sumac plant (Rhus Coriaria L) and compare its effect with phenytoin in healing skin wounds in an animal model.

Methods:  In the present study conducted in 2021-2022, twenty-five New Zealand laboratory rabbits, with the weight range of 2500-3000 grams, were obtained from central animal house, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. The rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: I) Control Group; II) Receiving Phenytoein cream (1%) as the medical therapy; III) Receiving the placebo cream base; IV) Receiving therapeutic cream containing standardized sumac extract (0.1% of tannic acid); and V) Receiving therapeutic cream containing standardized sumac extract (0.05% of tannic acid). Then, a wound, with dimension of 2*2 cm, was induced in the back of any rabbits and the appropriate topical therapy was administered twice daily on the rabbits. The effectiveness of therapy using creams containing sumac extract was determined using the extent of wound healing and the level of hydroxyproline. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Results: It was demonstrated that each one gram of standardized extract contained 2.74±0.86 milligram of tannic acid. The data achieved from the study, including the determination of hydroxyl-proline levels, percentage of wound healing, and the duration of remission, demonstrated significant efficiency in treatment with sumac-containing creams (either 0.1% or 0.05%). Histological studies revealed more condensed collagen fibrils and more reduction of inflammation cells in treatment groups receiving sumac-containing cream (either 0.01% or 0.05%) compared with the control group.

Conclusion: Sumac-containing creams, due to anti-oxidative properties and enhancing synthesis of hydroxyl-proline, can condense collagen fibrils which consequently cause improved wound healing.