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Background & Aim: Today, the percentage of deaths due to heart diseases has increased and along with the exercise training role in reducing obesity and cardiovascular disease, soy is a useful source of food in reducing blood lipid and obesity. The present study investigated the effect of combined selective short aerobic moderate intensity exercise and soya intake on serum lipids and obesity in obese postmenopausal women. Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study conducted in 2006 on women of Urmia, Iran, 56 obese postmenopausal women were selected and randomly divided into four groups of 14 subjects as follow: exercise-soya, exercise, soya, and control group. Pre- and post protocol blood samples were collected and the level of TG (Triglyceride), tCho (Total Cholesterol), LDL-C (Low density lipoprotein), HDL-C (high density lipoprotein) were measured. Exercise training within the range of 60-70% maximum heart rate (MHR) was performed for 60 minutes, 3 sessions per week. The subjects of soya group and exercise-soya group had a 100 gram soya nut intake daily for 10 weeks. After The training course, blood samples were taken from the subjects. The collected data was analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: Having soya along with exercise had significant impact on reduction of TG, tCho, LDL-C means (p<0.05). Body mass index and waist to hip ratio decreased significantly in exercise-soya group after 10 weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, aerobic moderate intensity exercise along with soya intake, decrease obesity and serum lipids in obese postmenopausal women.

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Abstract Background & aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation with omega-3 and 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular risk factors - vascular lipid profile in elderly men, respectively. Methods: In this present quasi-experimental study, 36 non athletic elderly men with the age range of 37/3 ± 37/57 years of age from Genaveh, Iran were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of 9 (training + omega-3 supplements, training + placebo, omega-3 supplements and placebo) groups. Aerobic exercise program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, term (30 to 45 minutes) and intensity of 55 to 70% Maximum heart rate was performed. Daily intake of omega-3 supplement was 2000. After 14 hours of fasting, blood samples before and 48 hours after the last study session were conducted. For data analysis, kolmogorov -smirnov-test, t-dependent, one-way ANOVA was used (p≤0/05). Results: After 8 weeks of training, TC levels of omega-3 supplements, omega-3 supplements, aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise with placebo significantly decreased (p≤0/05). But they were not significantly different in the placebo group (p≥0/05). Serum TG levels in groups supplemented with omega-3, aerobic training, supplementation with omega-3 a significant reduction was found (p≤0/05), but in the placebo group and aerobic training placebo, the reduction was not significant (p ≥0/05). Amounts of LDL-C were not significant in various groups (p ≥0/05). Levels of HDL-C in aerobic training, supplementation of omega-3 and aerobic training + placebo were significant (p≤0/05), but the omega-3 supplement and placebo groups showed no significant change (p ≥0/05). Changes in TC / HDL-C in the supplemental omega-3, aerobic training, supplementation of omega-3 and aerobic training + placebo a significant reduction was found (p≤0/05), but in the placebo group, no significant change was observed (p ≥0/05). Conclusion: Considering that aerobic training alone and omega-3 supplementation alone resulted in a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk factors - are cardiovascular, aerobic exercise and the intake of omega-3 supplements can be beneficial in preventing and reducing these diseases. Key words: Aerobic Exercise, Omega-3 Supplements, Lipid Profile, Heart Disease -Coronary

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Abstract Background & aim: Dysmenorrhea, menstrual cramps without physical pain is a common complaint in gynecology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on primary Dysmenorrhea in a period of 8 weeks. Materials & Methods: In the present clinical-trial study, 60 non-athlete girls with primary Dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into three groups: aerobic training, yoga and control groups. Based on the visual analog scale of pain intensity, pain duration and amount of analgesics administered was assessed before and after the period of primary Dysmenorrhea using a questionnaire. In this eight-week exercise program, the aerobic exercises group for 60 minutes in three weeks and yoga exercises group in three sessions per week for 60 minutes, the yoga breathing techniques, exercises, asana and relaxation techniques were performed. There was no intervention in the control group. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney (p<=0/05). Results: Both aerobic exercise and yoga significantly reduced pain intensity, duration of pain and reduction of drug compared to the control group (p=0/010). No significant differences between aerobic and yoga with the pain and duration of pain was found (p>0.05). There was a significant decrease in the analgesic consumption in the yoga group compared to the exercise group (p<0/05). Conclusion: Both aerobic and yoga are effective in the treatment of primary Dysmenorrhea, but yoga has a greater reduction property on drug dosage. Key words: primary dysmenorrhea, aerobic exercise, yoga exercise, female student

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Background & Aim: Vaspin hormone is new Adipokine from adipose tissue whose metabolic changes can have a significant effect on adipose tissues, muscles, liver and inflammation. It is also associated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of two kinds of anaerobic and aerobic exercise programs on Vaspin Level Plasma hormone changes in female Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: This is experimental study 55 rats were randomly divided into two experimental (aerobic and anaerobic) and pre-test groups. Based on the training program, the experimental group rats did aerobic and anaerobic exercises for eight weeks. 15 pre-test blood samples were taken before the exercise and 40 blood samples were taken from the experimental group (20 aerobic and 20 anaerobic rats) to measure after the exercises. paired t-test and independent t-test coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in vaspin levels after eight weeks of aerobic and anaerobic exercises (p=0/0001). However, no significant difference was observed between the amount of vaspin plasma levels in the aerobic and anaerobic groups (p=0/47). Conclusion: Considering the reduction of Vaspin hormone after both aerobic and anaerobic exercise programs, it seems that vaspin level changes are not affected by physical activities. Both types of exercise programs (aerobic and anaerobic) can be recommended as a major deterrent for various diseases due to the reduction of adipose tissues after regular exercise and the importance of vaspin reduction in the prevention of diseases related to metabolic disorders. Keywords: Adipokine, aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, Vaspin

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Background and aim: Exercise activities increase bone mass, however, the effect of  detraining and inactivity on osteoporosis in active people who take part in regular physical activity, are still not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill running exercise together with detraining on osteoporosis in Oophorectomized rats.

Methods: Fifty female rats divided randomly into control experimental 1 (oophorectomized rats for 12 weeks) experimental 2 (oophorectomized rats for 22 weeks) experimental 3 (oophorectomized rats undergoing treadmill running exercise) and experimental 4 (oophorectomized rats undergoing treadmill running exercise together with a period of detraining) groups. Control group sacrificed in the beginning of the study. The experimental groups of 3 and 4 exercised for 10 weeks. After the training period, The experimental groups of 1 and 3 were sacrificed, while, experimental groups 4 and 2 remained detraining. The exercise program consisted of running on a treadmill (3 days/week for 10 weeks). The speed of treadmill was adjusted constant at 12 m/min and the duration of exercise began from 10 min in the first week and reached up to 64 min in the 10^th week of exercise. At the end of study, all rats were sacrificed and their femurs were removed for bone micro structures (cortical and trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation) and bone strength analysis. We used One-Way ANOVA and  post hoc Scheffe test to compare the groups after evaluation of Homology of variances by Shapiro wilk test. P&le 0.05 considered significant.

Results: Trabecular thickness decreased significantly in experimental groups of 1 and 2 compared with control group (P<0.05). Bone strength and cortical thicknesses decreased significantly in experimental groups of 2 compared with control group (P<0.01). Bone strength and femoral micro structures improved in experimental group of 3 compared with experimental group of 1 and in experimental group of 4 compared with experimental group of 2 (P<0.001). cortical thickness decreased significantly in experimental group of 4 compared with experimental group of 3 (P<0.025). 

Conclusion: Moderate intensity treadmill running exercise has a prophylactic effects on osteoporosis which remain after detraining. Prevention of osteoporosis leads to reduce of pathological fractures.

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Background and aim: Physical training accompanied with herbal supplement consumption is one of the proposed methods for controlling obesity and its complications, such as diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week aerobic exercise program and supplementation with green tea on HSP72 and BMI in obese women with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In the present semi-experimental study, thirty-five obese women with diabetes (BMI ≥30) with an average age of 60-45 years, were randomly assigned into four groups:  green tea (n=9), aerobic exercise with green tea (n=9), aerobic exercise (n=9) and control (n=8).The participants of supplementation groups received 1500 mg capsules of green tea extract daily for 8 weeks. Moreover, the control groups were given capsules containing roasted wheat flour. Exercises training were performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week for 50 minutes per session, with an intensity of 75-60% of maximum heart rate. For statistical analysis, One Way Analysis Variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey t-tests were used.

Results: The results showed that the weight (p=0.000*), body mass index (p=0.000*) and glucose (p=0.064*) were significantly reduced. Furthermore, HSP72 levels were significantly increased in the experimental groups (green tea, green tea, exercise, practice) (p=0.000*), while this difference was not significant in the control group. The consumption of green tea extract had a significant effect in controlling the HSP 72 levels, weight and BMI in the green tea group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: It appeared that consuming green tea supplementation with aerobic exercise can influence and control obesity and increase of HSP72 of type 2 diabetes patients due to weight loss and BMI reduction.

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Background & aim: Apelin is a newly discovered adipokine which plays an important role in regulation of energy homoeostasis and improvement of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on plasma concentration of apelin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men.

Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, twenty four diabetic men from Ahwaz, Iran, were selected and randomly divided into training (n=12) and control (n=12) group. Anthropometric measures, body composition and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the subjects were measured by using a modified Bruce continuous aerobic exercise training was performed during 8 week (3 session per week, 20-45 min per session, 40%- 70% HRmax). Before, and 48 hours after the last training session, plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and apelin were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Data analysis was used by T-tests, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient and the significant level of p<0/05 was considered.

Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in plasma concentration of glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR, and a significant increase in plasma concentration of apelin was observed in training group compared with pretest and control group. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship between plasma concentration of apelin and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks aerobic training was found.

Conclusion: It seems that low to moderate intensity continuce areobic exercise training has significant effect on the amount of plasma apelin in type 2 diabetic men. Continuous aerobic exercise may be effective in improving the insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic men.

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Background & aim: The consumption of food supplements in order to eliminate oxidative damages induced by exercise are common among athletes. Previous studies have shown that bovine colostrum has antioxidant properties, but no study has ever been done to evaluate its effectiveness on Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. The aim of study was to investigate the effects of bovine colostrum along with aerobic and anaerobic exercise on Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in male Wistar rats.

 

Methods: In the present experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (control, colostrum supplement, aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, colostrum supplements and aerobic exercise, colostrum supplements and anaerobic exercise). Colostrum group received daily for ten weeks dosing 300 mg /kg bovine colostrum powder orally. Exercising groups worked out three times a week for a period of 10 weeks on a custom-made treadmill for rodents. Blood samples were taken before and 24 hours after the last exercise session on an empty stomach. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, One Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey at α<0.05.

 

Results: The plasma levels of oxidative stress index (MDA) in all groups except colostrum supplement and anaerobic exercise compared with the control group was significantly reduced (p<0.05). The antioxidant capacity in all groups except anaerobic exercise group compared with the control group was significant increased (p<0.05).

 

Conclusions: The results indicated that colostrum supplementation with ten weeks of aerobic exercise had better effect on the control of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity compared to anaerobic exercise.

 

 

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Background and aim: The use of exercise along with herbal supplements is one method proposed for controlling obesity and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training and use of hydro-alcoholic extract of nettle on levels apelin and hs-CRP plasma in overweight and obese women.

Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted with blind randomized clinical trial. 46 overweight and obese women (body mass index greater than 25 kilograms per square millimeter two, aged 25-45 years) were selected purposefully and randomly divided into four groups of: aerobic training + hydro alcoholic extract of nettle, aerobic exercise + placebo extract of nettle and placebo. The intervention group and placebo received 8 mg of hydro alcoholic extract of nettle 8 ml of water-soluble daily for 8 weeks respectively. Aerobic exercise ergometer for 8 weeks, 3 sessions of 16 to 30 minutes with the intensity of 60-75% heart rate was reserved. In two pre and post-test after 14 hours of fasting at the same conditions, blood samples were collected. The ELISA method was use to assess levels of plasma apelin and hs-CRP d. Data obtained were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA, t-test and LSD test.

Results: The results showed that the levels of hs-CRP were significantly different in comparison among the groups as well as in groups of aerobic exercise + hydro alcoholic extract of nettle, nettle and hydro-alcholic aerobic exercise + placebo significant reduction was observed (p>0.05).

Conclusion: It seems that consumption of Nettle extract along with aerobic exercise through

Weight loss, body fat percentage and BMI, play an effective role in control of obesity and reducing of inflammatory Apelin markers and hs-CRP in obese women

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ABSTRACT
 
Background and aim: Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and multiple metabolic such as insulin resistance and hyperhomocysteinemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of regular aerobic exercise along with vitamin C consumption on the homocysteine levels and insulin resistance in obese girls.
 
Methods: In the present semi-experimental study, 28 obese girls aged 8 to 12 years and body mass index 95% were selected and randomly divided as follow: control, exercise training, vitamin C and exercise training+ vitamin C (combined) groups. Aerobic exercise was consisted of exercise movements at 50% to 70% maximal heart rate and 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Vitamin C and combined groups consumed 500mg vitamin C tablets every other day. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 48 hour after the last intervention. For statistical analysis, One Way Analysis Variance (ANOVA), post hoc Tukey and independent t-test were used.
 
Results: Eight weeks of aerobic exercise, vitamin C and the combined intervention were resulted a significant decrease in the levels of glucose, insulin, homocysteine and insulin resistance in obese girls (P<0.05). Furthermore each of three interventions was associated with a significant percent changes in these veraibles compared with control group. But the effect of combined intervention on the decrease in these variables were greater compared with other interventions (p<0.05).
 
Conclusion: These findings suggested that both of aerobic exercise and vitamin C consumption non-drug can cause down regulation of homocysteine and insulin resistance levels in obese girls. Thus, the combined effect of regular aerobic exercise and vitamin C intervention is associated with the augmentation of these effects.
 
 

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Background & aim: Chemerin are novel adipokines that are secreted from adipose tissue and improved insulin sensitive. The purpose of this study was to examine the ffects of rhythmic aerobic exercise plus core stability training on serum chemerin levels and Insulin resistance, glucose levels and body composition of overweight women.
 
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 healthy women aged 25-45, waist circumference equal to and above 88 cm, body mass index of 3025 kg / m2 were selected and randomly divided into control (n = 16) and experimental (n = 19) groups. ). Five people were excluded from the study. The experimental group was trained 12 weeks (3 sessions per week per session). The exercise program included aerobic exercise (55% -80%), maximum heart rate, and trunk stability training. The pre-test and post-test stages were collected at 12-hour fasting time, blood samples were collected in the same conditions. The ELISA method was used to determine the fasting and low-level insulin levels. Insulin resistance was evaluated based on the evaluation of HOMA-IR model of homeostasis. To compare the pre-test and post-test changes, the dependent t-test was used and the inter-group variations of one-way ANOVA with a significant level (p≤0.05) were used.
 
Results: Chemerin plasma levels, body mass index, weight, body fat percentage and The ratio of waist circumference to hip In Overweight After 12 weeks Rhythmic aerobic exercise Along with Trunk stability exercises Showed a significant reduction )p≤0/05). But insulin resistance The fasting plasma glucose and Insulin levels between two groups Practice and Control was no significant difference (p>0/05).
 
Conclusion: Despite the fact that this kind of intervention can be an effective treatment to improve the level of low-fat adipokine and lower body waist circumference, however, a trickier exercise is required to significantly change insulin resistance and glucose levels In women with overweight.
 
 

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Background & aim: Obesity as an epidemic which is associated with excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that secretes many hormones such as applein. Applein is an adipocytokine that increases its level in obesity. Changes in the level of apelin in response to aerobic exercise are not well defined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of sub-maximal aerobic training with intensity of 50 to 60% of maximum heart rate on serum apelin-13 and insulin resistance in overweight men.
 
Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental research. A total of 26 male overweight subjects with a body mass index of 27-30 kg / m² were selected and randomly assigned to the subgroups and control aerobic exercise groups after the request was announced and adjusted to the entrance criteria. The aerobic training group under-maxed rrun out the training program for 30 sessions in an eight-week interval (3 sessions per week with an intensity of 50-70% of maximum heart rate).Body mass index, maximum oxygen consumption and blood sampling were performed and 24 hours after the last training session, the evaluations were repeated. Data were analyzed by statistical tests.
 
Results: The results of this study showed a significant decrease in body weight and body fat (p <0.05). Also, maximum oxygen consumption was significantly increased (p = 0.0001). However, indices of insulin resistance and Applein 13 did not show any significant changes. In addition, there was a direct and significant correlation between apelin 13 indices with anthropometric indices and glycosylated hemoglobin (p <0.05).
 
Conclusions: The internal factors of exercise practice, the intensity of aerobic exercise, have a significant effect on the anthropometric characteristics of overweight individuals, but not enough for significant changes in the levels of Applein 13 and insulin resistance. It is recommended that exercises be carried out over a longer period of time and more intensively so that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in people with overweight is reduced and controlled.
 
 

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Background & aim: With the increasing number of elderly people, the prevalence of physical disabilities is increasing, which has caught the attention of care, health and social systems. One of the common problems in aging is the reduction of balance and posture disorder, joint instability, decreased muscle nervous function, muscle mass, strength, motor endurance, aerobic capacity, and increased incontinence and urinary frequency. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of subarachnoid aerobic exercises on urinary control, balance and aerobic capacity of elderly women.

 

Methods: The present is a case-control study was conducted in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the study were women with urinary incontinence problems in Urmia who volunteered to participate in this research after being called in health centers. Based on the criteria for entering the study, twenty-four women aged 60 to 65 years old were selected. Familiarization with the method of conducting the study was done 24 hours prior to the beginning of the training, and then completed with the consent and urinary incontinence questionnaire. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic training group and the control group. In the next step, the participants were asked to complete the health and urinary incontinence questionnaires 24 hours before the onset of the exercise program. The experimental group performed 12 weeks of aerobic exercises and completed the questionnaires again 24 hours after the 6th and 12th sessions. First, the K-S test confirmed the naturality of the data. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and one way ANOVA.

 

Results: No significant difference was seen in the aerobic group after 12 weeks of aerobic training in volume and frequency of subjects (p=1), but in the closed static balance (p=0.001), open eye balance (p=0.001), dynamic balance (p=0.001) and aerobic capacity (p=0.001).

 

Conclusion: Subarachnoid aerobic exercises had no significant effect on the incontinence and frequency of urination in elderly women. However, due to the greater influence on the aerobic capacity and balance of elderly women, it is suggested that this practice be used to improve the quality of life of these individuals.

 

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Background & aim: Iran is one of the unique producers of antidote in the Middle East. The production of high-grade therapeutic serums and fewer side effects have a major impact on public health. Using sports activities as a non-pharmaceutical method can play an important role in maintaining and promoting animal health. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on liver enzymatic factors aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) in horse breeding horses.
 
Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in 2016, 16 horses in the antidote production cycle were randomly divided into two groups of venom and venom+training group for 22 weeks. The training protocol consisted of 3 sessions of aerobic exercise per week with moderate intensity. Blood samples were taken from weed vein at 3 different times: before the start of the protocol, at the end of the 11-week period, and at the end of the 22-week period. The activity of liver enzymes of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT was evaluated using Pars test kits manufactured using auto analyzer.  Data were analyzed by Repeated Measure ANOVA with LSD test and SPSS 21 for data analysis at alpha level less than 0.05.
 
Results: The data analysis indicated a significant decrease in the activity of ALP and GGT enzymes after 22 weeks of aerobic exercise training in the venom + training group (p=0.03). There was also a significant decrease in the activity of AST (p=0.02) and ALT (p=0.001) enzymes as a result of exercise training compared to the control group.
 
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, aerobic training seems to be effective in promoting horse health and reducing the effects of venom by reducing the levels of liver enzymatic activity(AST, ALT, GGT, ALP) in antidote producing horses. Further research in this area is recommended.
 
 

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Background & aim: Intense and prolonged exercise and physical activity are the factors that can disrupt the balance of free radical production, antioxidant systems of the body and decreased leptin levels. It has also been suggested that zinc acts as a mediator in leptin production while affecting superoxide dismutase activation and food intake. The purpose of the present study was to determine and evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of incremental aerobic training with zinc supplementation on muscle superoxide dismutase activity, serum leptin level and weight changes in male Wistar rats.
 
Methods: In the present experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (control, exercise, exercise + zinc and zinc). The training protocol consisted of incremental aerobic exercise on the treadmill for 8 weeks (5 days a week). In the zinc supplement group, 227 mg of zinc sulfate was dissolved in 100 ml of edible water and made available to the animals. 48 hours after the last training session, blood and tissue samples were collected and leptin concentration and the amount of superoxide dismutase activity was measured by ELISA and spectrophotometrically respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests.
 
Results: no significant difference was observed after eight weeks of training with zinc supplementation in skeletal muscle superoxide dismutase activity among groups (p<0.05), but serum leptin and weight changes in the groups Zinc supplementation and exercise group consumed significantly less zinc supplementation than the control group (p<0.05) In the control group (P=0.04, R=0.71) and in the exercise group (P=0.03, R=0.75), there was an inverse correlation was observed between serum leptin level and muscle superoxide dismutase activity.
 
Conclusion: according to the results of the present study, it was concluded that zinc supplementation has been shown to control weight, decrease leptin and reverse the correlation between serum leptin and superoxide dismutase activity.


 

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Background & aim: The prevalence of obesity and the socio-economic consequences of it are effective in increasing mortality and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an aerobic exercise on the amount of epicedial adipose tissue, insulin resistance and some liver enzymes in the fattened vestibular rats with a high-fat diet.
 
Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in 2018 in Yasuj, 32 Vistar male rats with a mean weight of 200-180 g and 6 weeks of age were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, including: normal nutrition, fattening with a high-fat diet, and then normal nutrition. Obesity with high-fat diet and aerobic exercise and normal nutrition after obesity were divided with high-fat diet. Sampling was performed in the obese group with a high-fat diet after obesity and in other groups 48 hours after eight weeks of aerobic exercise (four sessions per week with 60% of maximum training capacity). Lee index, relative amounts of epicardial adipose tissue, insulin, insulin resistance, fasting blood sugar, pericardial lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglycerides, total lymphocytic acid differentiation, and differential enzymaphenazine aminophenazine alphanazinase and liver aspartate aspartate aminotropin. The data collected were analyzed using statistical tests of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's follow-up test.
 
Results: The results indicated that a high-fat diet significantly increased the Lee index, relative amounts of epicardial adipose tissue, fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, blood lipid profile and liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase reduction and allanine amino acids. The significance of flagella lipoprotein was normal compared to the feed group (P ≥ 0.001). Eight weeks of aerobic exercise also significantly improved the values ​​of Lee index (18.34%), relative values ​​of epicedial adipose tissue (76.9%), insulin (4.01%), insulin resistance (37.48%). Fasting blood sugar (32.38%), high-density lipoprotein (23.65%), low-density lipoprotein (41.37%), cholesterol (24.68%) and total triglycerides (49.55%) as well as liver enzymes Aspartate amino transferees (45.9%), alanine amino transferase (44.34%) and alkaline phosphatase (11.5%) were based on values ​​(P≥ 0.001).
 
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise reduced the amount of epicedial adipose tissue, body fat mass index, insulin resistance, fatty liver index and cardiovascular risk factors for obesity. Therefore, aerobic exercise can be considered as one of the ways to change the hepatic metabolism and the health of the cardiovascular system in the treatment of related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases caused by immobility and obesity.
 
 
 

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Background & aim: Protein synthesis and degradation are dynamically regulated processes that to control the accretion or loss of muscle mass. However, the mechanisms responsible exercise-induced heart hypertrophy remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on expression of some indices of myocardial hypertrophy and atrophy in male rats.
 
Methods: In this experimental study conducted in 2018, 16 wistar male rats 10 weeks old with 299.74±19.32 g weight were randomly classified into control and training groups. Training group performed an aerobic running program (at 10-18 m/min, 10-40 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for six weeks. At the end of six week’s heart tissue samples were collected and used for determination of gene expression (AMP-activated protein kinase, fork head Box O3, Muscle atrophy F-box and Muscle RING finger 1). Data were analyzed using Independent t test at p<0.05.
 
Result: Six weeks aerobic training significant increased the heart AMP-activated protein kinase in rats (p=0.014). Also heart fork head Box O3 (p=0.022), Muscle atrophy F-box (p=0.032) and Muscle RING finger 1 (p=0.028) was significantly decrease than training group.
 
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise improved the heart structure by improving the parameters that affect cardiac size, possibly improving cardiac function.
 

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Background & aim: Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common disorders in adolescent girls. Exercise has positive effects on women with primary dysmenorrhea. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise with different intensity (low, medium and high) on pain, menstrual symptoms and quality of life in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea.
 
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study, the statistical population consisted of 60 sedentary adolescent girls with severe and moderate dysmenorrhea who were randomly divided into three training groups and a control group. Subjects completed a menstrual symptom questionnaire to assess dysmenorrhea symptoms. The training protocol of the sports groups was performed three times a week. The VAS questionnaire was used to assess the amount of pain and the menstrual distress questionnaire and the abbreviated form of the WHOQOL questionnaire were used to assess menstrual symptoms and quality of life, respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, dependent t-test and Tukey's post hoc tests.
 
Results: The results indicated that there was a difference between the three intensities of aerobic exercise on pain (p = 0.133), duration of pain (p = 0.19) and menstrual symptoms (p = 0.239) in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea. No significance was observed. In contrast, low-intensity aerobic exercise had a greater effect on improving the quality of life of adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea (p = 0.001).
 
Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that low-intensity aerobic exercise had a positive effect on the quality of life of girls with primary dysmenorrhea, which lead to its improvement, although high-intensity exercise was correspondingly effective in reducing the duration of dysmenorrhea.
 
 

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Background & aim:  The prominent role of HIF1α gene in adaptation to aerobic exercise has been confirmed. So far, there is no accurate information about the genotypes of this gene, so the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the amount of changes in maximum oxygen consumption in response to aerobic exercise among carriers of different HIF-1α genotypes.

Methods: The present semi-experimental study of developmental and applied type was conducted in 2021. The studied samples were 23 inactive overweight women (height 157 ± 2.8 cm, weight 74 ± 1.8 kg, age 38 ± 5.4 years, body mass index 32 ± 2.4 kg/m2, selection and They participated in 8 weeks of aerobic training including 5 sessions per week and each session lasting 30 minutes with increasing intensity (55-75% of maximum heart rate). Before and after the training period, aerobic power (VO2max) was measured through the Bruce test. Sample Saliva was collected from all the subjects within 24 hours and sent to the laboratory to determine the genotype. The subjects were divided into two genotypic groups, including CC and CT. The collected data were analyzed using Levin's and independent t-tests at the 95% confidence level. became

Results: The findings indicated that the aerobic capacity of CC and CT genotypes of HIF1-α gene increased. No significant difference was observed between the two genotype groups (p=0.079 and p=0.544). Although to some extent, the average value of changes in aerobic power of CT genotype after 8 weeks of aerobic training was higher than the other two genotypes, but this difference was not significant.

Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic training led to an increase in aerobic capacity in inactive obese women, and in this regard, the increase of HIF1-α followed by the induction of hypoxia plays a role. However, it does not seem that there is a difference between the different genotypes of the gene. HIF1-α is present in these changes.