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Introduction & objective:Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala azar), a systemic infectious and life threatening disease of childhood, can be easily diagnosed and treated provided that there is enough knowledge about it otherwise, 90 –95% of patients may die due to severe, acute complications such as bleeding and opportunist infections. Following the incubation period and onset of clinical manifestations, the disease exhibits itself in the form of recumbent regular fever, weight loss, weakness, edema, anemia and hepato splenomegaly.Although the disease is potentially fatal, it is preventable and curable. This study aims at determining the distribution and clinical manifestations of kala azar among the admitted child patients in Yasuj Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Materials & Methods: This retrospective and descriptive research was carried out on 57 patients, admitted in pediatric ward of the hospital during 1375-1378. Demographic information and clinical manifestations were obtained from files through simple sampling and analyzed using SPSS. Results: This study showed that the majority of patients (66.7 %) were male. The average age of the patients was 2.67 ± 1.86 years. The highest rate of the disease (24.5%) belonged to Yasuj. Most cases (43.3%) occurred in spring time and the fewest cases in winter. The commonest clinical manifestations were fever (84.2%), splenomegaly (77.2%) and hepatomegaly (75.4%). Conclusion: Taking into account the findings of the study, it seams necessary to carry out a screening study on children living in the regions susceptible to the disease because of climatic and geographical conditions. In this way, prevention and treatment can be facilitated.

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ABSTRACT Introduction & Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and other endocrine disorders are frequent in thalassemic patients that need regular transfusion due to iron overload. This study aimed at determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus Materials & Methods: In this cross- sectional descriptive study fasting blood suger (FBS) of 223 patients was checked for two times (103 patients from Yasuj , 64 patients from Gachsaran- 56 patients from Dehdast). Results: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 3.1% (7 patients) and prevalence of impaired FBS was 4% (9 patients). These two conditions were more in patients from Dehdast than those from Yasuj and Gachsaran. No significant correlation was found between the prevalence of DM and impaired FBS and the age of blood transfusion and disferral taking. Prevalence of impaired FBS and diabetes mellitus in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients. Conclusion: It seems that a survey of endocrine glands and an evaluation of diabetes mellitus must be done regularly in cooly’s centers especially for patients older than 10 years old..

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Introduction & Objective: Zinc is an important nutrient which is critical for normal immune function and physical growth. Zinc deficiency seems to be common in developing countries and this makes children in those countries prone to infectious diseases. The aim of This study was to find out the effect of zinc supplementation on growth of school children in Yasuj, in Southwest of Iran. Materials & Methods: The study was done as a double – blinded clinical trial. Eight hundreds and four school children aged 8-11 were the subjects of this study. Children were randomly assigned to zinc or placebo group to receive daily supplementation of zinc or placebo, in an identical form (syrup) and identical pre-coded containers, 6 days per week, for 7 months. Anthropometric assessment was first performed at the time of enrolment and then monthly. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software. Results: Results showed significant weight gain in zinc supplemented group compared with placebo group (1.71± 1.48 VS 0.65 ± 1.98 p<0.0001). Also the mean height gain was significantly higher in zinc supplemented group than placebo group 3.26 ± 1.55 VS 1.65 ± 0.94 p<0.0001). Conclusion: Zinc supplementation improves children’s growth and measures should be taken to supply this nutrient to the children, particularly where zinc deficiency is common.

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Introduction & Objective: Finger injuries are very common and majority of them can be treated under digital block anesthesia. Traditional digital block is one of the most commonly performed blocks performed by care providers in several medical fields. There are two other less known methods, transthecal (pulley) block, in which local anesthesia is injected into the flexor tendon sheat that needs less volume of anesthesia and hasnot neurovascular complications and subcutaneous block in which local anesthesia is injected subcutaneously at the level of A1 pulley. This study aimed to compare the results of the three methods of digital block. Materials & Methods: A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed at Kashani hospital to compare the less known transthecal (pulley) and subcutaneous methods with traditional digital block with regard to the length of anesthesia and need to another anesthetic method (due to insufficient anesthesia) as a supplement. We divided 150 patients that were admitted to kashani hospital operating room due to finger injury, randomly, into three groups. In each group the patients were anesthetized by one of the three different methods. All blocks were performed by the same investigator. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using T test. Results: Mean length of anesthesia was 34.2 min’s in the transthecal digital block method and 34 min’s in the subcutaneous method and 33.8 min’s in the traditional digital block method. A repeat injection or local infiltration as a supplement was necessary in 5 instances (7 blocks) in the traditional digital block method and 9 instances (11blocks) in the subcutaneous method (p<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding fewer injections and less amount of lidocaine and no risk of damaging the neurovascular bundles and comparable length of anesthesia and no need to supplemental anesthesia, transthecal digital block is an appropriate alternative to traditional digital block and subcutaneous injection.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Results of different studies show that a relatively large number of healthcare services offered are inappropriate or unnecessary. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a benign enlargement of the prostate gland. Clinical features of this disease are one of the most common problems encountered by elderly males. The aim of this study was to assess the appropriateness of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery. Materials & Methods: In this qualitative study which was conducted in 2008-9, in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, the RAN/UCLA method was used, which was designed in 1980 by the RAND institute and the University of California in Los Angeles. Regarding the stages of our method, scenarios and indications for benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery were chosen from the latest approved scientific resources and subsequently sent to urology specialists, who were chosen as members of the specialized panel. Panel members gave scores ranging from 1 to 9 to each indication and scenario based on scientific resources, clinical experiences and patient’s condition in two separate panel sessions. After compilation, the indications were finally grouped as appropriate, equivocal, and inappropriate so that they could be used to determine appropriateness of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery in hospitals. In this study, the most suitable and most approved clinical guidelines related to benign prostatic hyperplasia, the Guidelines Evaluation and Research Appraisal (AGREE) were used.The selected guidelines were used as scientific resources for choosing the indications of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery. SPSS version 16 and kappa weighted value were used in analysis process of the study. Results: Out of 282 scenarios grouped as 9 conditions related to benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery, which were extracted from scientific sources, 73 cases (25.9%) were considered as appropriate, 14 cases (5%) as equivocal and 7 cases (2.5%) were considered as inappropriate. Also 22 cases (7.8%) were considered as appropriate indications for drug therapy and none were found to be suitable for waiting and watching. There were 94 scenarios related to surgery that 75 scenarios (80%) were grouped in appropriate and 8 scenarios (8.5%) identified inappropriate. Conclusion: At the present time, due to the lack of scientific evidence for suitable decision-making in providing health services, methods based upon agreement, including the one used in the present study, and the use of treatment standards derived from similar studies, are amongst the most important measures taken to improve the standard of health, provide suitable health services, and to reduce unnecessary costs. In addition, RAM appropriateness method could be an ideal method in determining the appropriateness of health care and in reducing the rate of inappropriate services provided. The similarity of results derived from other studies performed by the RAND method in determining the appropriateness of benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment with the current study shows the validity and reliability of this method. Keywords: Appropriate criteria, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE).

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Background & aim: A lot of physical and chemical factors cause infertility disorders. Cadmium is a chemical agent which damages the cell structure of the reproductive system. For reducing the effects of various factors, new traditional methods have been used. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Aloe vera extract on testicular tissue of rats induced by cadmium chloride. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (180-200 gr) were randomly divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 received Cadmium chloride (1/5 mg / kg/ IP). Mice induced by cadmium chloride were treated with Aloe vera. Control and normal rats were treated with 400 mg/kg of Aloe vera extracts. After 25 days, these rats were weighed and then anesthetized using ether. Blood samples were collected from each individual to assess the level of testosterone and then the animals were debriefed. The testes were removed and transferred to 10% formalin solution. After tissue processing, 5 micron sections were prepared and stained with heamatoxillin-eosin and investigated by light microscope. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results: Mean seminiferous tubular diameter, number of spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cell of cadmium control group compared to the healthy control group showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). The mean sperm count and sperm motility in extract cadmium group and healthy control group was close to normal and displayed a significant difference (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of Aloe vera increases the number of spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli testicular tissue of mice contaminated with cadmium chloride

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Background & aim: It’s very important to decrease the glucose level and lipid’s serum in diabetes patients by using medicinal plants. In the present study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis on blood glucose, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol in diabetic rats was examined. Methods: In this experimental study, thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, diabetic and diabetic treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis (100, 150 and 250 mg/kg) groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Injections were intraperitoneally (I.P). After thirty days, the blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL was measured and the data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that blood sugar(glucose) significantly reduced in treated diabetic groups with extract as compared to untreated diabetic group (150 & 250 mg/kg) (p<0.05).. Also LDL and Total cholesterol in the group treated with the extract decreased significantly compared to the diabetic control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis had a hypoglycemic effect and led to appropriate changes on blood lipid profiles levels in diabetic rats.

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Background & aim: Peoples’ mental health in improvement of society’s national and ideal aims have the main and most importance such as thriftiness in material and spiritual costs. Work fatigue is the result of severe decrease of person’s capabilities sources that counter with long –time stress, especially work stress. This study was designed with the aim of investigating the relationship between mental health and work fatigue at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. Method of investigation: The present co-operation – descriptive study was conducted on 274 participants from 961 organization employees and deputyships of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2013-2014 who were chosen randomly. In order to collect data, Maslach questionnaire of mental health condition and work fatigue was used. Data were analysed with statistical tests of the interconnection index Pearson and Friedman’s test. Findings: There was no significant relationship between mental health and work fatigue dimensions (p<0/05). A meaningful relationship was observed between studied models after usage. High attention and metamorphosis of personality had the least importance. Conclusion: When employees have full mental health and job satisfaction, the ability to achieve maximum efficiency in the organization is reachable.

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Abstract:
Background and aim: Sodium arsenite is an environmental pollutant which its amounts in industrial cities are more than other places because of its use in chemical industry and has histopathological effects on different body organs including kidney. Rosa damascene is one of the important medicinal plants. The purpose of this study, the effect of Rosa damascene L. hydro alcohol Petal extract on kidney in male rats treated with arsenic.
 
Methods: In this experimental study 30 male rats with 200-250gr body weight were divided randomly into 5 groups (n=6): control, negative control (treated with arsenic) and three groups of patients were affected by arsenic with 150 mg/kg b.w ,300 mg/kg b.w and 450 mg/kg b.w Rosa damascene hydro alcohol petal extract respectively. Arsenic was affected in drinking water groups and hydro alcoholic extract of rose petals for injection was injected intraperitoneally. After the injection the blood samples were collected from heart directly and BUN and creatinine were analyzed. Also the kidney tissue samples were isolated and then fixed with formaline for thepreparation of histological sections were performed stained with H & E.  Data were analyzed using one-way of statistics ANOVA and significant level was considered of P <0.05.
 
Results: Our results showed that the arsenic has case kidney damage. Serum level of BUN and creatinine in the control group whowed a significant increase compared to the arsenic group (P<0.001). The situation significantly decreased on the group that treated by Rosa damascene L. hydro alcohol Petal extract extract (P<0.001).
 
Conclusion: This study showed  that Rosa damascene  extract has protective compounds such as antioxidants and flavonoids which can protect from oxidative stresses and  arsenic -induced kidney toxicity.
 
Keywords:

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Background & Aim: For many years, several substances have been used, such as morphine, as a pain reliever, Depending on the addictive characteristics and side effects; there is less willingness to use them. Today, the use of herbal medicines has expanded. Therefore, research to find analgesic drugs are considered necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of alcoholic extract of the core is made of cherry in male rat.
 
Methods: In this study, 36 male rats were divided into 6 groups of 6: control (normal saline 1mg/kg), morphine (1mg/kg), cherry kernel extract (100, 150, 250 mg/kg, I.P) and the group treated with Naloxone (1mg/kg), in combination with low doses of cranberry seed extract (150 mg/kg) were divided. Then, to assess the anti-nociceptive effects of the extract, we used Writhing and Tail-flick tests.
 
Results: The results of the study showed that the extract significantly inhibited the number of contractions induced by acetic acid. The results of Tail-flick test showed that the delay time of tail removal after injection in all groups was significantly associated with latency of tail withdrawal before injection (P <0.05). The extract group with a dose of 250 (mg / kg body weight) showed more analgesic effects than other doses of the extract and the mean delay in this group was significantly higher than other doses (P <0.05).
 
Conclusion: According to the present results, the Sour Cherry Extract kernel have analgesic effects. The presence of flavonoids might be responsible for the anti-nociceptive activity of this plant.
 
 
 

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Background & aim: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder that causes metabolic disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.In the present study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Dandelion on blood glucose, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol in diabetic rats was examined.
Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in the winter of 2001, thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, diabetic and diabetic treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Dandelion (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Injections were intraperitoneally (I.P). After thirty days, the blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL was measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Results: In the treatment groups at doses of 200, 100, 50 mg / kg, the extract of clover leaves significantly decreased the amount of clogs(p <0.01). Also LDL. VLDL and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in the extract-treated groups compared to the diabetic control group  (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of Mulberry leaves improves the undesirable changes in LDL and HDL cholesterol, which may be of interest in reducing cardiovascular complications due to diabetes mellitus, as high doses of triglycerides by unmanageable extract Significantly decreased, therefore the synthesis of VLDL should be expected to decrease.
 

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Background & aim: Psychological capital and social well-being are two psychosocial variables that can affect couples' relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of social welfare in the relationship between psychological capital and marital intimacy of married students.

Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of married male and female students of universities of Gachsaran city who were studying in 2017-2018. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, 398 people were selected as available sample. Marital intimacy, subjective well-being, and psychological capital were used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using path analysis.

Results: The findings of this study showed that the psychological capital and its components(self-efficacy and hope) on the main causative variable of intimacy had a positive and direct effect. The total score of psychological capital and one of its components (self-efficacy) had a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable of social welfare. Correspondingly, the direct effect of social welfare on intimacy (t = 8.9) was significant at 0.01 level. 29.9 The variance of intimacy was explained through the components of psychological capital (self-efficacy and hope) and social well-being. In general, the effect of psychological capital through social welfare intermediation was significant on marital affiliativity.

Conclusion: The research model, which is in line with other studies, had a mediating role for social welfare among the marital students in terms of psychological capital and marital intimacy. So that psychological capital could indirectly influence marital intimacy by increasing social well-being

 

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Background & aim: One of the chronic diseases that increases the risk of depression in a person is the development of various cancers. Numerous studies have shown that risk of various cancers is an important risk factor for depression. The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy based on acceptance, commitment and group therapy based on hope therapy in reducing depression in cancer patients.
 
Methods: This is a semi experimental study wich statistical population of this study consisted of 100 cancer patients admitted to Yasuj Shahid Beheshti Hospital late in the year, up to the beginning of the year, with a clinical record. At the center of the study, 30 patients were divided into two groups (15) of experiment and control. There were no restrictions on the type of cancer in this study, and the inclusion criteria were: alertness, physician, at least one-time treatment with chemotherapy, and no psychological problems from Chronic depression included before the onset of the disease or under the treatment of psychotropic drugs. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance(ANCOVA).
 
Results: Findings showed that combination therapy based on acceptance and commitment and group therapy based on Hope Therapy approach to reduce depression in cancer patients in Yasuj city had a p<0.05. The effectiveness of this method of treatment for depression in patients with cancer have been identified.
 
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that combination therapy based on acceptance and commitment and group therapy based on hope therapy can reduce depression in cancer patients and represent new horizons in clinical interventions and can be used as an effective intervention metho
 

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Background & aim: The family is the most important social institution that begins with marriage. Marriage is one of the most complex human relationships involving a marvelous encounter between culture, religion, nature, and the social rules of sexual attraction. Marital satisfaction and life satisfaction are factors affecting the stability and reliability of marriages as well as mental health of wives and children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Glasgow reality therapy on marital satisfaction, life satisfaction and couple communication skills.
 
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with control group with pret and post test. The statistical population consisted of all couples who referred to Shiraz Bahar Counseling Center. Thirty couples were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned control and experimental groups (15). The Glaser Reality Training Package was used to teach Glasher Reality Therapy, which consisted of 10 sessions of one-hour training. Marital Satisfaction Scales (Olson, 1998), Life Satisfaction (Diner, 1985), and Communication Skills (Nooran, 1967) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and MANCOVA tests.
 
Results: The results showed that after the Glaser Real Therapy training, there was a significant effect (p <0.001) on the variables.
 
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be stated that Glaser reality therapy is a suitable method for increasing adaptation and increasing marital satisfaction and marital satisfaction.
 

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Background & aim: B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is a potential target for tumor treatment. The inhibition of the Bcl-2 production is research target of attraction in the field of anti-cancer drug development. The present study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of novel pyrazole derivatives on Bcl-2 expression in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.
 
Methods: In the present in vitro experimental study, the newly synthesized substances were screened against breast Aden carcinoma (MCF-7). The Western-blot analysis was carried out to study signaling pathways of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The levels of apoptosis-related protein (Bcl-2) were evaluated by western blot analysis and changes in it expression were confirmed. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and independent t-test.
 
Results: The compounds HN1 and HN2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. The compounds HN1and HN2 inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells with IC₅₀ values of 7.4 μg/ml and 8.68 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, compounds HN1and HN2 (22.5-50 μg/ml) significantly inhibited the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein production. The compound HN2 significantly inhibited Bcl-2 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, corresponding 24% at 37.5 μg/ml, 30% at 50 μg/ml. Also compound HN1 at the same concentrations inhibited Bcl-2 expression by 12%, 0% at 50 and 37/5 μg/ml in MCF-7 cells, respectively.
 
Conclusion: HN2 could suppress the viability of MCF-7 cells and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells by down-regulation of anti-apoptotic factor, Bcl-2. These results revealed that the potential inhibitory effect of HN2 against growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells might be associated with induction of apoptosis through Bcl-2 protein dependent pathway. The present results suggest that HN2 has a promising potential to be used as a valuable chemo preventive agent.
 
 

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Background & aim: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental condition that leads to debilitating consequences and is associated with numerous management challenges and consequences, so that families need long-term psychosocial support. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and investigate the confusion of families with schizophrenia in a challenging support system.
Methods: This qualitative study is a descriptive analysis that was conducted in 2019-2021 using purposive sampling, 31 participants were included in the study. Data were collected through individual interviews. Interview data is encrypted, code with similar themes is in the same category, and categories are derived from encrypted data. The ten Strauss-Corbin 2015 Criteria of Acceptability were used to ensure the accuracy of the data.
Results: Six categories of topics related to community support challenges were identified from the interview data, which include "lack of supportive laws, lack of media in public education, insufficient economic support, negative attitudes and cultural misconceptions, lack of awareness, mirage of social support". .
Conclusion: The family of a patient with schizophrenia needs help from formal social and sometimes informal sources. There are still shortcomings in this regard and they suffer from a lack of social and organizational support. In such a way that with the insufficient support resources of the society, they wander to save themselves from their oppressive conditions, they feel lonely and helpless.
 

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Background & aim: In the present day, with the improvement of clinical care, the number of cases of premature and low birth weight babies who survive has increased. This group of babies usually achieve compensatory and faster growth than the average growth for their age and gender in the first two years of life. Also, small for gestational age (SGA) babies often have low birth weight (less than 2500 grams). These babies usually achieve compensatory growth at 2-3 years old. But if they cannot achieve this rapid compensatory growth, they may need therapeutic interventions including growth hormone administration. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate growth indicators as an important health assessment criterion in 2-4-year-old children with a history of prematurity and low birth weight.

Methods: The present retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2018-2019 on 96 children between 2 to 4 years of age who were born prematurely or with a low weight (less than 2500 grams). The hospitalization records of these children hospitalized at Hafez and Namazi hospitals of Shiraz were examined. Parents were invited to participate in the study through an online application. Growth indices including head circumference, height and weight were measured by a trained physician. Body mass index and Z-score were calculated for these indices and growth indices at birth were collected from their hospital records. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, chi-score and analysis of variance.

Results: 96 children were included in the study, 12.5% of children were small for their gestational age at the time of birth, and at the time of evaluation in the present study. All participants had reached the appropriate height and head circumference for their age, but 5 (41.6%) children were underweight. 45 (46.9%) children had growth disorder at the time of examination, 31 (32.3%) children were referred for laboratory evaluation and 3 (3.1%) children were treated with growth hormone. In this study, 33 (34.4%) children were underweight and 4 (4.2%) were short, 38 (39.6%) had a low body mass index (less than 2SD).

Conclusion: Premature and LBW infants need more attention for growth in follow-ups. Physicians should be aware of growth delay or arrest to do the best intervention at the time. They may need to refer to a pediatric endocrinology clinic at the proper time.


 

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Background & aim: With the spread of the newly emerging virus, Covid-19, there were many concerns about the effects and complications of pregnant women contracting this virus. Since pregnant women are in a vulnerable group due to the physiological changes associated with pregnancy, the purpose of the present study was to determine and relate the infection of covid-19 with liver tests and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: The present prospective cohort study was conducted from October 2019 to September 2021 at Shahid Akbarabadi and Firouzgar educational centers of Tehran, Iran. In this study, 191 female patients were included in the study and divided into two groups: 1- pregnant women infected with covid-19 (case group), 2- pregnant women not infected with covid-19 (control group). Eligible people were initially included in the study by available method and then by simple random allocation. Data collection was done by demographic and fertility questionnaires, pain (VAS) and relevant checklists. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Spearman, Pearson and logistic regression.

Results: The level of liver tests (International Normalized Ratio(INR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, ALP, alkaline phosphatase) increased between the two groups. The increase between the two groups indicated a statistically significant difference (p<0.001), but the mean platelet, indirect bilirubin and relative thromboplastin time in the case group were significantly lower than the control group respectively (p<0.002, p<0.001, 041. Moreover, there was a significant difference in premature delivery and the intensity of contractions in the case and control groups (p<0.001). Phosphatase increased ALP by 15% and indirect bilirubin risk by 58%, which was reported to be statistically significant, but it had no effect on platelets and INR.

Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the infection of covid-19 caused liver test disorders. Disruption of liver tests due to covid-19 infection can overlap the changes made during preeclampsia syndrome or HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, increase of liver enzymes, decrease of platelets). Furthermore, the covid-19 infection increased the intensity of contractions and premature delivery.