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Introduction & Objective: The decrease of peroxidantion of lipoproteins as a key event in the development of atherosclerosis by increasing plasma antioxidant capacity might be an effective approach in preventing such diseases. It has been shown that some amino acids and polyamines have antioxidant activity. In this study antioxidant and antiatherogenic effects of valine in hypercholesterolemic rabbits have been investigated. Materials & Methods: fifteen male white rabbits were divided into three groups including: normal control, hypercholesterolemic control and hypercholesterolemic treated with L-valine. Animals were fed with special diets for five weeks and then plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), conjugated diens (CDs), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (AC) were measured. Coronary arteries were obtained in order to measure fatty streaks formation by histological studies. Results: No significant difference was observed in plasma TC, LDL-C and CDs levels between valine treated and hypercholesterolemic control groups. However the levels of TG, HDL-C and MDA in valine-treated group showed a significant differences in comparison with hypercholesterolemic control group (p<0.05). Comparison of serum antioxidant capacity in valine treated group showed significant increase comparing to hypercholesterolemic control group. The mean size of produced fatty streaks also showed significant reduction in valine-treated group in comparison with hypercholesterolemic control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that valine can prevent the formation of fatty streaks in hypercholesterolemic rabbits by increasing of serum antioxidant capacity and decreasing the level of lipid peroxidation.

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ABESTRACT Introduction & Objective: Neuron tracing is a novel method that is used for detecting communications between cells, tracing nervous pathways, and recognizing the nuclei relating to different pathways. One of the most common tracing methods is putting cutting end of nerve inside the tracer solution. This method is so sensitive that improper insertion of the nerve inside a solution or histological preparation, would lead not to observing the tracers. We evaluated methods for observing tracers. Material & Methods: 10 adult dogs were assigned into two groups. In the first group, the superior laryngeal nerve was cut and its proximal end, after washing and des-heating, was put inside the horse radish peroxidase (HRP) solution. In the second group, after washing the proximal cutting end of superior laryngeal nerve, we separated tiny vessels supplying the nerve to prevent hemorrhage. Then, by using the needle (gauge 22), 2-3 distal end of nerve sheath was precisely removed and nerve fibers were separated and kept inside the HRP solution. In both groups, nerve end was kept inside the HRP solution for 2 hours. Three to five days later, after perfusion and fixation their head and neck, their pons, medulla oblongata, three upper spinal segments and vagal ganglions were removed, sectioned and prepared histochemically and stained with thionin. Results: The number of labeled cells in the first group was less (2-4 cells per section) than the second group (4-8 cells). This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that separating nerve fibers and fixation of nerve end inside the solution increased the absorption of tracer.

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Background & Aim: Sports-for-all may improve physical fitness and general health of employees. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the 8 weeks sport for all program on physical fitness and general health of male employees. Methods: The present clinical trial was conducted at Yasouj Wellbeing Organization in 2010. Ninety male employees (aged 35.5 ± 5.6 years) voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned into training (n=45) and control group (n=45). The physical fitness of the subjects were measured by sit-up, pull-up, standing broad jump, 45 m running, 4 × 9 m shuttle run and 540 m running tests and general health was assessed by General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). The subjects in the training group performed sport for all program, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The program consisted of jogging, stretching, sprint and endurance training and cooling down. The participants in the control group were instructed to resume their normal lifestyles and avoid any type of high intensity physical activity during the study. After 8 weeks, all the variables were measured once more. The data were analyzed by the SPSS-13 software. Paired sample t-test and Independent sample t-test were used to compute differences in the variables. Results: The results showed that abdominal muscles endurance (37.4 ± 8.5 VS 23.3 ± 7.3) shoulder girdle muscles (5.1 ± 3.5 VS 1.8 ± 2.4), muscle power (218 ± 21.1 VS 192.6 ± 21.6), cardiorespiratory endurance (186.02 ± 22.62 VS 145/7 ± 23.9) were increased significantly and the body mass index (25.1 ± 2.9 VS 25.2 ± 3.7), body fat percent (15 ± 4.1 VS 17.2 ± 4.6) were decreased significantly in training group in comparison with the control group (P≤ 0.05). This program did not have any effect on improving the general health of the participants. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of the present study showed that sport for all program improved physical fitness and body mass index of male employees. This program did not have any effect on improving the general health of the participants.

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Abstract Background & aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation with omega-3 and 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular risk factors - vascular lipid profile in elderly men, respectively. Methods: In this present quasi-experimental study, 36 non athletic elderly men with the age range of 37/3 ± 37/57 years of age from Genaveh, Iran were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups of 9 (training + omega-3 supplements, training + placebo, omega-3 supplements and placebo) groups. Aerobic exercise program for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, term (30 to 45 minutes) and intensity of 55 to 70% Maximum heart rate was performed. Daily intake of omega-3 supplement was 2000. After 14 hours of fasting, blood samples before and 48 hours after the last study session were conducted. For data analysis, kolmogorov -smirnov-test, t-dependent, one-way ANOVA was used (p≤0/05). Results: After 8 weeks of training, TC levels of omega-3 supplements, omega-3 supplements, aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise with placebo significantly decreased (p≤0/05). But they were not significantly different in the placebo group (p≥0/05). Serum TG levels in groups supplemented with omega-3, aerobic training, supplementation with omega-3 a significant reduction was found (p≤0/05), but in the placebo group and aerobic training placebo, the reduction was not significant (p ≥0/05). Amounts of LDL-C were not significant in various groups (p ≥0/05). Levels of HDL-C in aerobic training, supplementation of omega-3 and aerobic training + placebo were significant (p≤0/05), but the omega-3 supplement and placebo groups showed no significant change (p ≥0/05). Changes in TC / HDL-C in the supplemental omega-3, aerobic training, supplementation of omega-3 and aerobic training + placebo a significant reduction was found (p≤0/05), but in the placebo group, no significant change was observed (p ≥0/05). Conclusion: Considering that aerobic training alone and omega-3 supplementation alone resulted in a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk factors - are cardiovascular, aerobic exercise and the intake of omega-3 supplements can be beneficial in preventing and reducing these diseases. Key words: Aerobic Exercise, Omega-3 Supplements, Lipid Profile, Heart Disease -Coronary

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Abstract

Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease may be due to inflammation and systemic inflammation plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. ICAM-1 is one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is an inflammatory effect of physical activity and plant protection products on the response it is not well known.

Methods

 Thirty Wistar rats were selected as sample. Rats were randomly divided into six groups of five, including control, exercise, extracts dose of 10 mg / kg, extract dose 30 mg / kg, a dose of extract practice mg / kg 10, and extracts Practice dose of 30 mg / kg, respectively. Training groups, five sessions per week for 10 weeks, intense interval training involves running on a treadmill with an intensity of 90 to 95 percent of VO2max for rodents, at specified hours during the day. After the rats were sacrificed and the heart tissue, and to measure gene expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were used.

Result

Data analysis showed that the expression of ICAM-1 has been reduced in training supplement groups The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule receptor (ITG) has decreased in the exercise and supplement group.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that both exercise and extract significant effect on gene expression of ICAM-1. And decreased expression of ICAM-1 was also flax oil ICAM-1 gene expression was also reduced. The findings of this study showed that the combination of training and flax oil reduces the expression of ICAM-1 compared to the control group. So it is likely that this method can be used as a way to prevent cardiovascular disease.

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Background & aim: Due to the high sensitivity of the bone marrow to ionizing radiation as well as the large number of bone graphs, it is important to evaluate the absorbed dose in the bone marrow during exposure to radiographic rays. The aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the accuracy of Monte Carlo simulations to calculate PDD in the femoral bone marrow during exposure to low energy rays.
 
Methods: The present descriptive study was conducted in 2020 at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. 100 CT scan images of the femur were selected, of which 28 images were extracted from the beginning to the end of the femur. After simulating the head of the device with normal energies in femoral radiography using BEAMnrc simulator, the information obtained from CT scan images of patients with CT CREAT software, digital femoral phantom was designed. The phantom was digitally irradiated (using DOSXYX simulator) and the absorbed dose percentage (PDD) was calculated using STATE DOSE software. Finally, the data were analyzed using Image Java and Excel software.
 
Results: The percentage of absorbed dose in femoral bone marrow at energies of 70, 80 and 90 was in the range of 2 to 78%, 5 to 79% and 5 to 76%, respectively. Also, with increasing depth in all energies, the percentage of absorbed dose decreases. For energies of 90 kV and to some extent for energies of 70 and 80 kV, the data show a sudden decrease in the percentage of absorbed dose from a depth of 6 mm to 9 mm. From a depth of 1.1 cm to 1.5 cm, the dose absorbed in the bone marrow varies according to energy.
 
Conclusion: Monte Carlo simulation method can be an effective method in calculating the absorbed dose in bone marrow tissue. The results show that the calculations of the percentage of absorbed dose up to a depth of 2 cm are significantly accurate. As the depth increases, the accuracy of the calculations (provided that the number of particles participating in the simulation does not increase) gradually decreases.
 
 

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Background & aim: Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and the second cause of cancer death. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of Islamic therapeutic spirituality with SIT on emotional dysfunction and pain self-efficacy in gastric cancer patients of Ardabi, Iran.

Methods: The present study was semi-experimental using the pre-test-post-test method with a control group, which was conducted in 2022. The statistical population included patients with stomach cancer in Ardabil city, Imam Khomeini Hospital and Shafa Parto Chemotherapy Center in Ardabil city in chemotherapy stage. 60 people were selected as available and were randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The measurement tool in this research was the Toronto Emotional Dysfunction Scale, the Bandura Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. which was examined in three groups before the group intervention and at the end of the 10th session. The first test group was exposed to Islamic spiritual therapy, and the second test group was exposed to cognitive-behavioral therapy based on immunization training. received SIT and the control group did not receive any psychological treatment. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests of covariance and its assumptions (Kalmogorov Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks test and Levin test), post hoc Bonferroni test.

Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that the spirituality of Islamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress immunity training (SIT), both on emotional dysfunction and pain self-efficacy have a significant effectiveness compared to the control group, but the spiritual method of Islamic therapy compared to the cognitive-behavioral therapy group Re is based on immunization training in emotional failure (F=11.058) and pain self-efficacy (F=32.050), the effect of trust (P≤0.01).

Conclusion:  Considering the available findings, it seemed that SIT, despite emphasizing irrational thoughts, replacing them with efficient cognitions, and equipping the patient with a complete treasure of skills was less effective than Islamic therapeutic spirituality in reducing negative thoughts in stomach cancer patients. Therefore, these psychological interventions can be important and have clinical applications as an independent or complementary approach along with drug treatments in gastric cancer patients. Therefore, it is possible to take practical action by teaching Islamic spiritual therapy to improve their emotional inadequacy and self-efficacy.

 

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Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is associated with systemic inflammation in the nervous system. Although the role of exercise therapy and antioxidant supplements alone in promoting nervous system health has been demonstrated, their interactive effects are not well understood. Investigating the combined impact of aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation on TNFα levels in Parkinsonian mice is essential because neuroinflammation plays a central role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and evidence indicates that both interventions independently possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms underlying their synergistic effects remain unknown. This study aims to develop cost-effective, accessible non-pharmacological strategies to modulate inflammatory pathways in Parkinson's disease, as reducing TNFα could serve as a preventive and therapeutic approach to slow disease progression and improve patients' quality of life. Therefore, this research was conducted to examine the effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise combined with garlic supplementation on the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in the brain tissue of Parkinsonian rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 rats with Parkinson's disease induced by 2 mg/kg reserpine were divided into four groups: (1) Parkinson's control, (2) garlic supplementation, (3) aerobic exercise, and (4) aerobic exercise + garlic supplementation. To assess the effects of Parkinson's induction on TNF-α, six rats were included in a healthy control group. The aerobic exercise groups ran on a treadmill for 15-48 minutes at a speed of 10-24 meters per minute, three times per week for eight weeks. The garlic supplementation groups received 500 mg/kg of aqueous garlic extract orally for eight weeks. Independent t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.
Results: TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the Parkinson's control group compared to the healthy control group (P = 0.001). TNF-α expression in the brain tissue of rats in the exercise (P = 0.04) and supplementation groups (P = 0.003) was significantly lower compared to the control group. Moreover, exercise and garlic supplementation had a synergistic effect on reducing TNF-α in the brain tissue of rats with Parkinson's disease (P = 0.002).
Conclusion: Both aerobic exercise and garlic supplementation, individually and in combination, appear to reduce inflammatory factors in the brain tissue of rats with Parkinson's disease through similar mechanisms.