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ABSTRACT Introduction & Objective: Enuresis is defined as involuntary voiding. It is a socially disruptive and stressful condition which affects around 15% of five years old children and up to 1% of adults. Aim the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of desmopressin (nasal spray) and oxybutinin combination therapy in treatment of patients with primary nocturnal enuresis that were resistant to single drug therapy. Materials &Methods : This study is a prospective clinical trial conducted on patients aged 5-15 years old referred to urology clinic due to nocturnal enuresis. After taking history , physical examination , checking laboratory test , and ruling out the organic causes patients were treated with vasopressin or imipramin or oxybutinin at first. If no responses to this treatment was observed after 3 weeks, then the patients were treated by combination therapy ,giving desmopressin (10-20μg) and oxybutinin 2.5-5 mg) at bed time for 4-6 months. 70 patients were treated by combined therapy and then patients were followed up evaluated for responses, relapses and side effects of this drugs . Results :The results demonstrate the efficacy of this treatment. 60 % of patients were responded completely, 34.3% partially responded and no response was found in 57% of cases. 5.7% of patients developed minor side effects with combination therapy. Finally 44.3% of patients showed partial or complete relapse of enuresis 1 month after treatment . Conclusion : Based on these results , we can suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis who are resistant to single drug therapy, can be treated with this combination therapy . Reduction of urinary output and thus lowering of bladder filling by desmopressin , decreases the onset of inhibited bladder contraction and enhances the activity of oxybutinin. However due to cost and shortage of this drugs, we recommend this treatment only for patients with no response to single drug therapy , or other current therapies.

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ABSTRACT Introduction & Objective : Today use of drugs with few side effects such as post operative nausea and vomiting and high recovery rate is highly important. The present study seeks to investigate the simultaneous use of alfentanil and propofol in comparison with the common use of morphine sodium thiopental in reducing the rate of nausea and vomiting after appendectomy and during recovery. Materials & Methods: This study was carried out in a setting of double blinded randomized clinical trial from 1378 to 1381. Forty two patients, candidated for emergency appendectomy in class ASA I, under general anesthesia, were chosen and randomly divided into two groups. The first group patients were injected alfentanil (10µg/kg) and propofol (2mg/kg then100 µg/kg/min) and the other group received Morphine (0.1 mg/kg) and Sodium Thiopental (5mg/kg) intravenously for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Then post operative nausea, vomiting and recovery time were recorded. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were also measured before and after 5 minutes following induction of anesthesia and in recovery room. Results: 9.5 percent of morphine-thiopental group and all the patients in alfentanil-aropofol group had post operative nausea and vomiting (p>0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 5 minutes after induction and pulse rate after 5 minutes after induction in morphine-thiopental group was greater than that in alfentanil group. Conclusion: The combination of propofol and alfentanil required less recovery time and homodynamic change after induction of general anesthesia and turned out to be useful for short term operations

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ABSTRACT Introduction & Objective: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) , is a common disease with multi-factorial etiology, and is a common cumulative trauma disorders. There are various causes for CTS, including high force, jobs of high repetition, prolonged posturing and vibration. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in carpenters of Yasuj city. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. Thirty eight carpenters were studied by electro-myographic evaluation for CTS. No cases had history of systemic disease. Nerve conduction studies of upper limbs were performed for each participants. Results: Mean delayed of sensory and motor of left and right median nerves were 4.12, 4, 4.28 and 3.93 ms respectively. Prevalence of CTS was 15.8 percent among carpenters. Mean time of contact with vibration for starting of CTS was about 25.67 years. Conclusion: Vibration and vibratory jobs such as carpentery cause high prevalence of CTS.

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ABSTRACT Introduction & Objective: Post-operative shivering is a common complication of general anesthesia with a reported incidence of 40ـ70 percent. It increases metabolic rate of oxygen demand, cardiac output, intracranial pressure, surgical incision retracture and post-operative pain. Various drugs such as NSAIDS have been used to treat or prevent post-anesthetic shivering. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Diclofenac Na suppository on post-anesthetic shivering. Materials & Methods: This is a doubleـblind randomized clinical trial performed on 120 primiparous women undergone elective Caesarian delivery. They were randomly divided into two case and control groups. Vital signs of all the patients were measured before anesthesia and recorded. Drugs used for premedication, induction and maintenance of anesthesia were the same in both groups. Just before the induction of general anesthesia, patients in case group received one suppository (100 mg) of diclofenac Na. Shivering was evaluated during 60 minutes after extubation and vital signs were measured as well. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Post anesthetic shivering was observed in 61/7% of control group and 5% of case group (p< 0. 0001). Post anesthetic hypothernia was much more frequent in control group in comparison with Diclofenac Na group (p<0. 0001). In comparison with control group, case group had more stability in body temperature. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that a single dose of suppository Diclofenac Na (100 mg) prevents post-anesthetic shivering without significant effect on body temperature. Accordingly, it can be suggested that suppository Diclofenac Na can be used for the management of post operative shivering.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Life expectancy at birth and longevity are Important indices and represent social, economical, cultural and hyginic status of every society. This index can be used in evaluating any planning. WHO uses this index along with indexes of annual income, per capita income and literacy rate of women to estimate human development Index wich is one of the most important indices in estimation of todays communities. Estimation of the above index in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad province and comparing it with nearby provinces or countries could show feuture horizon of this province compared to other regions. These data are essential for evaluating the implemented programs, knowing the position of province and future planning. Material and Methods : Having the population size and the dead number in different age groups in each year, life expectancy was estimated. Collected and registerd data with an acceptable precision for rural regions were used for estimation of life expectancy in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad province and it’s townships. Results: Life expectancy for men in rural area of the province was 70.8 years and the highest rate belonged to Kohgiloye and Boyer Ahmad townships, with 72.4 years and the lowest rate belonged to Gachsaran with 69.2 years. Also life expectancy of women in the rural areas of the province was estimated to be 73.8 years and the highest rate belonged to Gachsaran with 75.5 years and the lowest rate belonged to BoyerAhmad township with 72.9 years. Coclusion: Comparing the results of this study with previous estimates of the region and latest estimates of the life expantacy in the country, a slight increase in life expectancy of the province was noted. This decrease has been more in female than male. Also diference in life expectancy in urban and rural areas is about seven years which calls for immediate attention to the rural regions of the province.

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Introduction & Objective: Application of antibiotics in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases is a double bladed razor. On one side, it spoils pathogens and on the other hand, it has numerous complications. The most serious among them is selection of resistant agents. Prescription of antibiotics is a complex and scientific process that requires accurate clinical judgment, awareness of the pharmacologic and microbiologic principles on diagnosis, treatment and consideration of the patient's condition and his illness. Materials & Methods: In this study, we assessed 441 prescriptions (prescribed for <14 y /o outpatients children) of 58 GP in Yasj city in Kohgyloyeh and Boyerahmad province in 2004. Results: The average number of drugs in each prescription was 3.6 and 64.4% of the prescriptions included antibiotics that consisted of penicillin group (51.6%), macrolids (24.5%) and cephalosporins (11.2%). Overall 32.2% had diagnosis which included pneumonia (31.7%), URI (21.9%) and pharyngitis (19%). Conclusion: The average number of drug in each prescription was much higher than the world average. Antibiotics have been prescriped a little more than in most of the countries and cities which might be due to age of the patients, unawareness of disease nature and epidemiology of infectious diseases. This pattern of antibiotic prescription causes a decrease in rate of bacterial infections in comparison with the past. However, this form of management, where antibiotic was prescriped for prophylaxis because of fear of future bacterial infection, led to several major outcomes including resistance of microorganisms that itself causes appearance of new agents with serious infection and complication of antibiotic therapy and their side effects that can cause morbidity and mortality.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Caesarian section is the most common operation in gynecology field. Selection of anesthetic drugs for this operation needs so many considerations. Anesthetic drugs for this operation must prevent sever hemodynamic changes to tracheal intubation in mother and without side effects on neonate. This study was conducted to determine the effect of alfentanil given before induction of anesthesia on cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation in mother and Apgar score of neonate in Yasuj Emam Sajad hospital. Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial 60 patients who were candidates for elective c/s delivery under general anesthesia , in ASA 1, without fetal distress, after taking knowledgably satisfaction for participant in study were allocated to 2 groups randomly. In both groups anesthesia induced by sodium thiopental, scholin and atracorium but in trial group alfentanil 5 µg/kg was given intravenously one minute before induction of anesthesia. Results: Attenuated systolic blood pressure right after tracheal intubation and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation when compared with control group. Also in study group pulse rate of mothers had a smaller increase in comparison with control group. In this study systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased 10 minutes after tracheal intubation but this decrease was less in comparison with control group. Apgar score of neonate in study group had not a meaningful difference in comparison with control group. Conclusion: According to this study mothers who received alfentanil before induction of anesthesia had less increase in their systolic blood pressure and heart rates after tracheal intubation but systolic and diastolic blood pressure had decreased more in control group in comparison to trial group ten minutes after tracheal intubation. This phenomenon is due to more narcotic administration after delivery of neonate in control group.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Thyroid nodules are very common and of course the most important point to approach thyroid nodules is to find out whether the nodule is benign or malignant. Biopsy is the most definite way to differentiate malignant nodules from benign ones and this is,at least, equal with a labectomy. FNA is a method which was first introduced in 1930 and led to a decrease in the number of thyroidectomy. Nowadays this is the best way to approach the thyroid nodules . Materials & Methods: This study was performed on 100 cases of thyroidectomy to find out the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNA in diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules. Candidates for thyroidectomy who referred to Mofateh clinic in Yasuj were evaluated by FNA and also open biopsy. Results: FNA results showed 78% ± 15% sensitivity, 91% ± 13% specificity، and 89% ± 13% accuracy. Positive predictive value of FNA was 75%±35% and negative predictive value was found to be 93% ±20%. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, FNA can be used instead of biopsy in approach to thyroid nodules and this will help to prevent unnecessary operations and high dose of radiation to neck.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease of human with prevalence of 1 to 4 percent. Peripheral neuropathy is one of the chronic complications of diabetes and its prevalence is not properly known, but worldwide is from 5 to 66 percent. The prevalence of this complication is not known in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in definite cases of diabetes type 2 and related factors in Dena town-ship in fall 2004. Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study that 40 definite cases of type 2 diabetes )28 females and 12 males( whose duration of disease were between 5 to 25 years were selected randomly. After informing and taking history and physical examination of the subjects, the nerve conduction study and electromyography were performed for them. Then the data were analyzed by SPSS software and X2 and Fischer exact tests. Results: Results of this study showed that prevalence of diabetes in urban and rural areas of Dena township were 1 and 0.8 percent respectively. Prevalence of neuropathy was 52.5% which comprised of 17.5% peripheral neuropathy, 22.5% carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and 12.5% combined form. The distal symmetrical sensorimotor peripheral polyneuropathy and carpal tunnel syndrome were the most common peripheral neuropathy and entrapment mononeuropathy, respectively. In this study, there were no significant statistical correlation between peripheral neuropathy and sex, age, duration of diabetes, fasting blood sugar, underlying disease, retinopathy and nephropathy, but significant correlation was found between mononeuropaty (CTS) and fasting blood sugar. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes high prevalence of neuropathy (peripheral neuropathy & mononeuropathy) which is not related to duration of diabetes, retinopathy, nephropathy, age and underlying disease. We concluded that early diagnosis of disease could be done by educating of people and this can lead to a decrease in complications of diabetes.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: It has been noted that the myocardial infarction is an increasing episode in Islamic Republic of Iran and there are many procedures and methods which can help to reduce the number of death from this ongoing event. The aim of this study was to determine the survival rate in those patients who have had acute myocardial infarction and its association with different variables. Materials & Methods: This descriptive analytic study evaluates 111 cases of acute myocardial infarction admitted in Yasuj Imam Sajjad hospital during the year 2004 and 2005. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was completed through direct interviewing by trained personnel. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of patients was 57± 12 years. The mean time of having access to physician after MI was 4 ± 2.2 hours. The mean time of reaching hospital after physician order was 5 ± 4.9 hours. The mean time of hospitalization was 4 ± 1.67 days. Considering the past history of these patients revealed that 31 percent were smokers, 16 percent had the history of previous ischemic heart disease, 63 percent had hypertension, 8 percent had diabetes mellitus, 95 percent had clip I, 95 percent had no previous block, 82 percent had MI with Q wave. The survival rate in our study was found to be 0.91 in the first 10 hours, 0.847 in the first day, 0.829 in the first 28 days, 0.820 in the first third months, 0.792 in the first six months and 0.771 in the first 10 months of disease. Conclusion: The mortality rate during the first month among the patients with heart failure turned out to be higher than that of the other similar studies performed in other parts of the country however, the annual survival rate proved to be less. The most important causes of survival after the stroke are being single, smoking, fatness and angina pain

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Introduction & Objective: Zinc is an important nutrient which is critical for normal immune function and physical growth. Zinc deficiency seems to be common in developing countries and this makes children in those countries prone to infectious diseases. The aim of This study was to find out the effect of zinc supplementation on growth of school children in Yasuj, in Southwest of Iran. Materials & Methods: The study was done as a double – blinded clinical trial. Eight hundreds and four school children aged 8-11 were the subjects of this study. Children were randomly assigned to zinc or placebo group to receive daily supplementation of zinc or placebo, in an identical form (syrup) and identical pre-coded containers, 6 days per week, for 7 months. Anthropometric assessment was first performed at the time of enrolment and then monthly. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software. Results: Results showed significant weight gain in zinc supplemented group compared with placebo group (1.71± 1.48 VS 0.65 ± 1.98 p<0.0001). Also the mean height gain was significantly higher in zinc supplemented group than placebo group 3.26 ± 1.55 VS 1.65 ± 0.94 p<0.0001). Conclusion: Zinc supplementation improves children’s growth and measures should be taken to supply this nutrient to the children, particularly where zinc deficiency is common.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Non laundered nomad populations in Iran experience more adverse living circumstances than laundered populations, but there is little research regarding the prevalence of mental health disorders of them. This study investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety in laundered versus unlaundered nomads. Materials & Methods: 95 people of unlaundered nomads and 86 people of laundered nomads from Ashori family of Ghasghaee were assessed using Hamilton anxiety rating scale and Beck depression rating scale. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using chi - square test. Results: The depression rate in unlaundered nomads included 33.7% normal, 29.5 % mild and 36.5 % moderate and severe, but in laundered nomads, 84.7% were normal, 8.2% were mild and 7.1% were moderate and severe. The difference is statistically significant. The anxiety rate in unlaundered nomads proved to be 43.2% normal, 38.9% mild and 17.9 % moderate and severe, but in laundered nomads 87.2% were normal, 7% were mild and 5.7% were moderate and severe. The difference is statistically significant too. Depression rate in married uneducated and female subjects were more than those in singles and males in both laundered and unlaundered nomad. Anxiety rate in married uneducated and male subjects were more than those in singles and females in both laundered and unlaundered nomad. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety rates in unlaundered nomads were more than those in laundered nomads and these rates are higher than the national rates. These rates were more in married, group aged over 30 and in those with low education.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Discectomy for nucleous pulposus herniation is one of he most surgeries in spinal column. In this surgical treatment, postoperative pain is a problem which results in more hospital stay and less daily activity. Postoperative pain control is difficult because opoids don't relieve moderate and severe pain alone. It is believed that corticosteroid and local anesthetic agents or narcotics improve sciatic pain. In this study we compare the effect of different doses of morphine and dexamethasone by placebo on post discectomy operative pain. Materials & Methods: This is a randomized double blind clinical trial in which 90 selected patients, ASA 1-2, with acute-onset herniated nucleus pulposus that were refractory to conservative treatment were enrolled. Subjects were randomly divided into 6 groups and underwent discectomy under equal general anesthesia. Before the closure operational incision, the first group received 5 cc lidocaine %2, second group 5cc normal saline third group 0.5 mg morphine and 8 mg dexamethasone, forth group 1mg morphine and 8 mg dexamethasone, fifth group 1.5 mg morphine and 8 mg dexamethasone, and the last group 2 mg morphine for every level of discectomy and 8mg dexamethasone . Drugs were flushed on dura matter and operation field. Volume of all drugs was increased to 6 cc by adding sterile distilled water. Postoperative back and radicular pain was scaled 6, 12, 18 and 24 hour after operation using visual analogue scale (VAS) and recoded analgesic requirement. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software using Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: patients of group 1 to 3 did not showed significant changes in postoperative pain and consumption of analgesic, but when dose of morphine increased, these changes became significant especially in dose of 2 mg for every level of discectomy. Conclusion: It seems that Instillation of morphine and dexamethasone in epidural space after discectomy decreases patient’s postoperative pain which result in reduction in narcotic use. www

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Introduction & Objective: Air pollution is a major environmental problem in urban areas. PM10 (Particulate Matters with a diameter less than 10 micrometer) is one of the most important pollutants in air, and an increase of 10 μgr/m3 in concentration may cause an increase of 1-3 percent in the mortality rate. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of the PM10 air pollution in the city of Gachsaran. Materials & Methods: This is an analytic-longitudinal study. 6936 air samples were collected during 334 days from April 2005 to March 2006 using a SM200 dust monitor sampler machine. The data were analyzed conducting oneway ANOVA, Tukey and t-student tests and then compared with the WHO standard rates. Results: The results revealed a direct linear correlation between air temperature and concentration of PM10 (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean value of PM10 concentration (μgr/m3) in the seasons of summer (226.3), spring (167.8), autumn (111.6), and winter (85.7). In addition, the mean concentrations of PM10 in warmer months exceeded to the maximum permissible concentration. Conclusion: It can be concluded that some important variables such as air dryness, low rate of humidity and rainfall, high temperature along with the huge local oil industries are the potential factors of air pollution in Gachsaran.

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Introduction & Objective: Nocturnal enuresis as a common disorder in children can create many problems. A variety of modalities has been used for its treatment but applying new and effective modalities can be of much interest. In this study efficacy of interferential currents (IFC), as a new modality, has been compared with nasal spray of desmopressin in treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis in 5-15 year old children. Materials & Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, clinical trial in which 39 patients received desmopressin (20µg/day) for 3 weeks and left off gradually in six months, if it was responsive. The other 36 patients received IFC therapy (5 times/week, 20 minutes each session, up to 15 sessions). Efficacy of treatment was evaluated after completion of therapeutic sessions and recurrence rate was calculated one month later. Results: About 66.7% of patients were 5-10 and 33.3% were 11-15 years old. Of all subjects, 58.7% were male and 41.3% were female. In those patients who received IFC, complete response was observed in 25%, partial response in 36.1% and 38.9% had no response while in desmopressin group, complete response was achieved in 61.5%, and partial response in 25.6% of cases and 12.8% had no response to the treatment. The recurrence rate in IFC and desmopressin groups were 16.7 % and 23.1%, respectively. In 11-15 year old children, response rate was better than those for 5-10 years old. Male patients had the most rate of recurrence. Therapeutic side effects were not observed in any of the patients in both groups. Conclusion: Desmopressin and IFC are effective and safe modalities for treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis of children with less recurrence in females. Moreover, desmopressin had better efficacy while IFC had less recurrence rate. In addition, desmopressin showed better efficacy in females. IFC can be recommended as an effective and safe modality for treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis, with less recurrence rate.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Human exposure to environmental noise increases day to day and noise is currently a very important stressful factor. One of the common sources of noise is transportation vehicles. Undesirable impacts of traffic persuaded governments to set rules for the problem and when civil planners and road engineers decide to construct highways, they must be sure that the related standards and rules have been met. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of noise pollution in crowded areas of Yasuj. Materials and Methods: Noise measuring was done by using B&K Sound Level Meter (model 2230). Noise descriptors (Leq, Max, Min) were measured for 10 minutes of any hour during daytime and night in selected areas (11 stations). One station was also selected as reference point and noise measurement was carried out for the whole week in this station. Results: Leq was found to be 72±4.4 dB (Max) and 65.4±7 dB (Min). Recorded maximum and minimum noise was 99.7 dB (at 17-18 o'clock) and 34 dB (at 4-5 o'clock), respectively. Conclusion: Comparing the findings of this study with standard scales indicates that Yasuj is experiencing high noise pollution.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Understanding and influencing the determinants of physical activity is an important public health challenge. This study examines the application of key constructs of the transtheoretical model to physical activity behaviors for aged people. Materials & Methods: This study is a field trial with census sampling. Sixty healthy adult men at Kahrizak nursing home in 1386 completed a questionnaire including demographics and self-reported levels of physical activity, constructed from the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), before and after two months of intervention. The interventional program included tailored counseling and focus group. The data were then analyzed with T test, X2, pair T test and Wilcoxon, using SPSS software. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant difference for the effect of health education program on increasing stage of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance and physical activity behavior in elderly people (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Educational physical activity interventions can result in increased physical activity, thus, health education program based on TTM has had positive effect on promotion physical activity behavior. It can be recommended that health education be used on educational models.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Chemical gas weapons especially nitrogen mustard which was used in Iraq-Iran war against Iranian troops have several harmful effects on skin. Some other chemical agents also can cause acne form lesions on skin. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of acneform in previously chemically damaged soldiers and non chemically damaged persons. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study, 180 chemically damaged soldiers, who have been referred to dermatology clinic between 2000 – 2004, and forty non-chemically damaged people, were chosen randomly and examined for acneform lesions. SPSS software was used for statistic analysis of the data. Results: The mean age of the experimental group was 37.5 ± 5.2 and that of the control group was 38.7 ± 5.9 years. The mean percentage of chemical damage in cases was 31 percent and the time after the chemical damage was 15.2 ± 1.1 years. Ninety seven cases (53.9 percent) of the subjects and 19 people (47.5 percent) of the control group had some degree of acne. No significant correlation was found in incidence, degree of lesions, site of lesions and age of subjects between two groups. No significant correlation was noted between percentage of chemical damage and incidence and degree of lesions in case group. Conclusion: Incidence of acneform lesions among previously chemically injured peoples was not higher than the normal cases.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Unhygienic methods of colleting, storage, transportation and disposal of the hospital wastes results in serious hazards that can endanger the health and environment. These materials are classified as dangerous, and have to be collected and disposed based on special rules. Materials & Methods: In the present study we aimed to evaluate the quality of management of hospital wastes and to estimate the waste constituents in Yasuj hospitals. Density, constituents, methods of collecting, transportation and disposal of hospital wastes were evaluated in 3 consecutive days of every months of the year 2006. Results: Study showed that the daily production of solid wastes was 5.5 Kg per hospital bed and infected solid wastes were estimated to be 1.5 Kg per hospital bed. The total solid waste production was 1350 Kg per day which included 27.2 percent as infected solid wastes. Solid waste density was 160.7 Kg per cubic meter and its constituents were food wastes (19.753%), rubber (47.02%), paper (12.05%), glass (5.211%), metals (3.41%) and bandages, gases, clothes, etc (12.556%). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the solid waste management of the studied hospitals is not satisfying and more attention must be paid to the critical issues, such as plans for reducing solid wastes, isolating infected solid wastes at the production site and using safe and updated methods of disposal of solid wastes.