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Introduction & Objective: Pterygium is a wing-shaped fold of conjunctiva and fibrovascular tissue invades the superficial cornea. The occurrence of pterygia is strongly correlated with UV exposure, although dryness, inflammation, and exposure to wind and dust or other irritants are also important factors. Pterygium is usually asymptomatic, but it can cause photophobia, tearing, and foreign body sensation. It can also decrease vision by inducing with the regular and irregular astigmatism. Unfortunately, the recurrence rate is high averaging approximately 40% in various studies. Recurrences generally occur rapidly, within 2 to 3 months of surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of subconjunctivaly injection of mitomicin-C in preventing the recurrence of pterygium. Materials & Methods: This study was a simple randomized clinical trial which was carried out at Imam Sajjad Hospital of Yasuj, Iran. In this study, 157 eyes (48 men, 64 women) with primary pterygium were allocated in intervention (83 eyes, 54 patients) and control (74 eyes, 58 patients) groups. The mean age of the patients was 48. In the inversion group we injected .1 ML of mitomycin C .2% subconjunctivally in to the pterygium body, 1 month before pterygium excision. After the pterygium was excised, the bare sclera was covered by sliding adjacent superior conjunctiva in both groups. The follow up period was 3 months. Recurrence was defined as the postoperative re-growth of fibro-vascular tissue crossing the cornea. The data was analyzed by the SPSS software using Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test. Results: The recurrence rate was 1.2% (1 eye) and 9.45% (7 eyes) in intervention and control groups, respectively, with significance difference between groups (P= 0.027). The mean degree of astigmatism was improved with surgery in both groups. Conclusion: Both subconjunctival mitomycin C injection before pterygium excision and conjunctival auto graft are safe and are effective treatments in reducing of pterygium recurrence. Regarding the reduction of pterygium recurrence after subconjunctivaly Mitomicin-C injection, it can be concluded that this method is an effective treatment in pterygium surgery.

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Introduction & Objective: Wound healing is the process of repairing following injury to the skin and other soft tissues. Following injury, inflammatory response occurs and the cells below the dermis begin to increase collagen production, later on, the epithelial tissue is regenerated. Royal jelly (RJ) is a bee product. There are many reports on pharmacological activity of RJ on experimented animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RJ on the induction of wound healing of sterile incision in Balb/C mice. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study which was conducted at Shahr-e-kord University of Medical Sciences in 60 female Balb/C mice (8 weeks old) were selected. The mice were anesthetized with ether. The dorsal fur of the animals was shaved and sterilized with alcohol, and then a longitudinal para vertebral full thickness incision of 10mm long was made. The animals were then divided into six equal groups. In group one (negative control), nothing was applied to the wound. Group 2 (positive control) was treated with nitrofurazon ointment, group 3 was treated with RJ 200 mg/kg daily, group 4 was treated with RJ 200 mg/kg every two days, group 5 was treated with RJ 300 mg/kg daily, group 6 treated with RJ 300 mg/kg every two days. Royal jelly was topically used on the wounds. The wound length was measured with vernier capilar every two days until the complete healing was occurred. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 11.5 using Kruscal Walis tests. Results: There was a significant difference between groups 1, 2 with the other groups (p< 0.015). RJ promoted wound healing activity significantly in group 3, 5 compared to negative and positive control groups. There was no significant difference between the dosage of 200mg/kg with 300 mg/kg of RJ (p>0.015). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that daily application of RJ possesses betters wound healing effects than nitrofurazon.

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Abstract
Background and aim: The uterus as the major female reproductive organ is particularly vulnerable to environmental and hormonal like compounds. Exposure to estrogen like disrupting chemicals during critical periods of development especially in the neonatal period can have adverse effects on reproduction and fertility later in life. In the present study, the effects of neonatal exposure of mycoestrogen zearalenone and anti-estrogen tamoxifen on some histological characteristics of the uterus in female mice were investigated.
Methods: 28 newborn female mice of BALB/c strain were divided into four groups of 7, three experimental and one control group. Treatment Groups included Tamoxifen (400 μg /kg /day) group, group treated with zearalenone (2 mg /kg /day) and group treated with tamoxifen                            + zearalenone. Control mice received no treatment. Daily treatments was started first day of life and continued up to 5 subcutaneously. Approximately, 70 days after birth in diestrous stage of estrous cycle, mice were deeply anesthetized and uterus was removed. Following histochemical staining, the samples were studied using light and transmission electron microcopies.
Results: The result of this study indicated that among the treatment groups, body weight decreased significantly (P>0.05) in the group which received Tamoxifen compared with control group. Uterus weight increased significantly in Zearalenone group (P>0.05), Tamoxifen and Zearalenone group (P>0.01).  Endometrial thickness increased significantly (P>0.05) in group which received Tamoxifen and decreased significantly (P>0.05) in group which received Zearalenone. In addition, myometrial thickness decreased significantly (P>0.05) in group which received Zearalenone compared with control group. The study of electron microscopy showed that the number of cells of uterine luminal epithelial structure increased in the group treated with Tamoxifen compared with control group.
Conclusion: The result of study indicated that neonatal administration of Tamoxifen and Zearalenone compounds cause histological lesions in uterus structure. Because of the estrogenic nature of zearalenone, the treated neonatal mice with this mycotoxin cause structural abnormalities especially in myometrial structure. On the other hand, Tamoxifen as an estrogenic agonist cause endometrial thickness increase and alterations in the uterus.
 

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Abstract:
 
Background and Aim:  Zinc phosphate is a solid gray chemical compound whose commercial sample is dark or even black and white. Severe hypertension and cardiac poisoning are the most serious complications of zinc phosphate poisoning and are associated with a high mortality rate. Poisoning with zinc phosphide as a rat poison, which has similar effects to aluminum phosphide tabletsis is uncommon. The report relates to a death case following poisoning with zinc phosphide mice.
 
Case Report: The patient was a young 18-year-old man who was admitted to suicide attempted at hospital. Due to the lack of toxic poison, the patient was treated with supravavalin as probable toxicity. After several hours of admission, his level of consciousness was reduced with deep breathing. In the tests after the onset of shortness of breath, pH was 6.94, HCO3: 4.9, blood sugar 21, creatinine 6.1 and BUN: 24. Then, the zinc phosphate was detected. Despite the onset of treatment, after 1 hour, the patient suffered from cardiopulmonary arrest and eventually died.
 
Conclusion: Poisoning with zinc phosphide can cause acute renal failure. Considering that phosphide is one of the poisonous toxins of rodents, especially in rat poison, toxic poisoning with phosphodies is also recommended in poisonous toxin poisoning cases.
 
 

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Background & aim: The use of medicinal plants has been common among people since ancient times, and in recent years special attention has been paid to their therapeutic consumption. As oxidative stress is one of the possible causes of benign prostatic hyperplasia, the aim of the present study was to determine and compare the antioxidative effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of fruit and pit of Elaeagnud angosifolia against oxidative stress markers in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Methods: In the present semi-experimental study conducted in 2021 at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, 96 patients over 45 years of age with benign prostatic hyperplasia with International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) below 20 were randomly assigned to two groups receiving placebo (600 mg of white wheat flour for one month) and drug (600 mg of hydroalcoholic extract of elderberry for one month). Blood samples were taken from each patient before and after the study to check the level of oxidative stress factors, including total thiol (TSH), total plasma antioxidant capacity (FRAP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and at the end of the study, was evaluated. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, Will-Coxon and Mann-Whitney tests.

Results: The results of the present study indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of elderberry kernel and fruit increased the MDA level in the group receiving the extract (480.7±65 vs. 457.8±51) compared to the placebo group (454.8±50 vs. 36±36). 447/3) decreased, however, this decrease was not significant. Also, the amount of NO metabolites in the group receiving the hydroalcoholic extract of elderberry kernel and fruit (6.7±7.8 to 15.7±9) compared to the placebo group (5.5±3 versus 16.6±9) indicated a lower increase. This increase was correspondingly not significant. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of FRAP and TSH between the drug and placebo groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion: It appeared that the consumption of hydroalcoholic extract of elderberry fruit and kernel could be able to reduce the amount of oxidative stress in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients by reducing lipid peroxidation and also inhibiting NO production.