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Background & Aim: Both exercise and unusual environments cause changes in the immune system function. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exercise on the total numbers of blood Leukocytes and platelets of the athletes in cold, warm and normal temperature conditions. Methods: In this clinical trial, ten young male endurance athletes conducted the same exercise (treadmill running) for an hour at the intensity of %60 VO2 max in three normal, cold and warm temperature conditions. The number of Leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets were counted before, immediately and two hours after exercise (during recovery). The collected data were analyzed using the repeated measure and post hoc Bonferroni tests. Results: The total number of leukocytes increased significantly after exercise, in all circumstances (p<0.0001). The number of neutrophils, only in warm temperatures, and lymphocytes, in cold temperatures, didn’t increased significantly (p>0.05). During the rest period (recovery), the number of monocytes and lymphocytes decreased significantly in cold, normal and warm environments (p< 0.05) while decreases in the number of leukocyte, exception with neutrophils, was not significant in the warm environment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Exercise in cold, normal and warm environments caused stimulation and aggregation of immune cells. However, the exercise in warm environment increased the number of blood immune cells and also delayed the immune system in reaching the initial condition during the rest period, after the exercise.

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Abstract Background & Aim: The effective method of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome treatment is lifestyle modification. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a twelve-week aerobic exercise on Ovarian Androgens and Body Composition of women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Methods: In this clinical trial, 20 obese patients (BMI>25 kg/m2) and 20 lean patients (BMI<20 kg/m2) with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome were selected. Lean and obese patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in a 12 week, 3 sessions per week with intensity 65-80% of maximal heart rate for 25 - 30 minutes of aerobic exercise, while this intervention was not performed in the control group. BMI, WHR, LH, FSH, prolactin and iestosterone hormones were measured before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using the Paired and independent T tests. Results: BMI decreased significantly after exercise in obese group (P<0.0001). The reduction of prolactin was not significant after exercise in both lean and obese groups (P>0.05). LH/FSH significantly decreased after exercise in the lean group (P=0.049).The testosterone concentration was significantly decreased after exercise in both lean and obese groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: A period of exercise with body weight loss and reduction of BMI can contribute to the decline of testosterone concentration, decrease of LH/FSH ratio, improvement of metabolic condition. It prevents the increasing of prolactin and also the side effects of hyperandrogenism. Keywords: Exercise, PCOS, Prolactin, Testosterone

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Abstract Background & aim: Quality of life decreases in cardiac patient and there is a little information about the effect of interval training on this matter. The aim of this study was to compare the eight weeks of high intensity interval training with common continuous training on health-related quality of life in cardiac patients with post-coronary artery bypass graft. Methods: In this clinical trial, 30 cardiac patients of Tehran Heart Center that CABG surgery was done on them were randomly divided into two groups high-intensity interval training and continuous moderate-intensity training (program common). The program of interval group was included 4rep × 4 min at 90-95% HRpeak and continuous group 60-80 minute at 70-85% HRpeak, three sessions per week for 8 weeks. Quality of life was assessed based on the SF-36 questionnaire before and after the training program. The collected data were analyzed using the one way ANOVA test. Results: Physical function, social function, mental health and vitality were significantly increased following the both of training programs (p<0.05). Physical function and social function after high-intensity interval training was more than moderate intensity continuous training (p<0.05). There was no significant differences between two groups in general health and role physical (p>0.05) Conclusion: It seems that, high-intensity interval training program will not only does not be a threat to cardiac patients post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but it is more beneficial than moderate intensity continuous training in some parameters of the quality of life such as physical function and social function. Keywords: Exercise, Quality of Life, Cardiac Patients Post-CABG