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Introduction & Objective: Nocturnal enuresis as a common disorder in children can create many problems. A variety of modalities has been used for its treatment but applying new and effective modalities can be of much interest. In this study efficacy of interferential currents (IFC), as a new modality, has been compared with nasal spray of desmopressin in treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis in 5-15 year old children. Materials & Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, clinical trial in which 39 patients received desmopressin (20µg/day) for 3 weeks and left off gradually in six months, if it was responsive. The other 36 patients received IFC therapy (5 times/week, 20 minutes each session, up to 15 sessions). Efficacy of treatment was evaluated after completion of therapeutic sessions and recurrence rate was calculated one month later. Results: About 66.7% of patients were 5-10 and 33.3% were 11-15 years old. Of all subjects, 58.7% were male and 41.3% were female. In those patients who received IFC, complete response was observed in 25%, partial response in 36.1% and 38.9% had no response while in desmopressin group, complete response was achieved in 61.5%, and partial response in 25.6% of cases and 12.8% had no response to the treatment. The recurrence rate in IFC and desmopressin groups were 16.7 % and 23.1%, respectively. In 11-15 year old children, response rate was better than those for 5-10 years old. Male patients had the most rate of recurrence. Therapeutic side effects were not observed in any of the patients in both groups. Conclusion: Desmopressin and IFC are effective and safe modalities for treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis of children with less recurrence in females. Moreover, desmopressin had better efficacy while IFC had less recurrence rate. In addition, desmopressin showed better efficacy in females. IFC can be recommended as an effective and safe modality for treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis, with less recurrence rate.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Nowadays the extensive changes in lifestyle resulted in an increase in consumption of fast food. This type of food, because of using deep–fat frying, may contain some toxic or unfavorable substances which have adverse effects on consumers’ health. The aim of this study was to determine the peroxide value of edible oils which are used in restaurants and sandwich shops in Yasouj city. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on all sandwich shops (n=36) and restaurants (n=12) in Yasuj city in 2006. All samples and questionnaire data in restaurants and sandwich shops were collected at 11:30am and 12:30pm respectively based on a national standard protocol, number 493, by a food expert. The peroxide value was determined based on national standard procedure, number 4179, in a food laboratory and the acceptable limit was defined as 7 meq/kg. Results: Findings of this study showed that in terms of health rules and regulations, at least 50% of oils used in restaurants and 70% in sandwich shops were unfavorable. Peroxide value of 58.3% of oils in restaurants and 97.3% in sandwich shops was greater than the acceptable limit. Conclusion: These findings have shown that the health rules and regulations for the oils are not exercised in Yasouj restaurants and sandwich shops and this can have adverse effects on consumers’ health.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & objective: Disinfection of effluent swage treatment plant, is one of the the most important stage of treatment effluent that has been done with purpose of water sources protection or water reuse.Chlorine compounds are the most common disinfectants that have been ever used for this idea.Todays,with attention to the production of dangerous by-products,that can cause by using chlorine compounds in water, other disinfections such as H2o2,paa and uv ,o3 combinations of two or three of them has been stated for replacing items. This study designed to compare the disinfection efficiency of combinations of three common disinfectants mentioned above in pilot plant study. Materials & Methods: This is an empirical study that was done on sewage effluent of Yasuj wastewater treatment plant in 1387. During sample operations, through 5 months, each 10 days, two sample sets with different concentrations of each disinfectant compound were experimented on determining total coliforms(TC), fecal coliforms(FC), fecal streptococci(FS) according to standard methods for waste water experiments. Reseived data was analysed by SPSS software and ANOVA, statistical test. Results: This study indicates that combined methods Paa/Naocl/UV, Paa/UV, Naocl/UV, in order from left to right, has the most efficiency in decreasing total coliforms and Paa/Naocl/UV have the most efficiency and UV the least efficiency and Paa/UV, Naocl/UV have the same efficiency in decreasing fecal coliforms. all the combined disinifection methods that have been used in this research most times completely eliminate fecal streptococci from swage of Yasouj wastewater treatment plant. Conclusion:The result indicate that combined uses of Paa, Naocl, with UV for disinfection sewage effluent make an intensive effect on disinfectant materials over each other and consequently increasing efficiency of this method in deactivation total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci .

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Introduction & Objective: Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoa parasites of the genus Leishmania and is endemic in some areas of Iran. Echinacea purpurea is a native plant from North America which is one of the most important medical herbs known with immuno-stimulant properties. This study was performed to determine the effect of alcoholic extract of Echinacea purpurea on prophylaxis and treatment of Leishmania cutaneous lesions. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study which was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2009, eighteen mice were divided into 3 groups. Group one received Echinacea purpurea extract (200 mg/ml) in their water, for 2 weeks before parasite injection, while group two were first injected with parasite amastigotes, followed by administration of Echinacea purpurea extract for 2 weeks. Group three was the control group, which received parasites, but not the extract. The size of Leishmania lesions in the tail base, right and left foot were measured with vernier caliper. The lesion areas were calculated and the collected data were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: The mean of lesion size in each group of mice were compared and analyzed. No significant differences in the lesions size were found between the three mice groups. Therefore, Echinacea purpurea extract was not effective against Leishmania major based on the findings of this study. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Echinacea extract is not effective in treatment or prophylaxis of leishmaniasis in mice. Yet, further studies are needed to determine the effects of other extracts of this plant.

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Background & Aim: Aging is a biological process influenced by biological, physiological, social and environmental factors. This study was conducted to determine the health status of elderly people resident in Yasouj, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yasouj during 2008. A number of 428 people, aged over 60, were selected based on cluster and random sampling. A researcher made questionnaire, based on existing literatures and current studies, was designed in four domains known as activities of daily living (ADL), physical health, psycho-spiritual health and status of socio-economic. Its content validity, face validity and reliability were reviewed and confirmed. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software version 17 using descriptive statistics such as frequency, tables, the central and dispersion statistical indicators as well as inferential statistics like independent t-test with considering α= 0.5. Results: In this study, the total mean scores of four domains of health were 106.63 ± 6.49 (range 82-134), which has 99 percent of their health status were totally described as moderate. Based on four areas of health status, the mean score of activities of daily living, physical health, psycho-spiritual health and socio-economic status were 23.72± 4 (range 16-34), 25.40± 3.21(range 13-34), 34.03± 4.71 (range 14-46) and 23.71± 4.20 with range of 15-37, respectively. Compared mean scores of activities of daily living and psycho-spiritual health showed significant statistical differences according to age groups and sex variables. Conclusion: Health status of the majority of elderly people in this study was moderate which require further attention and holistic support from the family, community, and health authorities in the field.

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Background & aim: About 7% of patient referred to hospital are various forms of poisoning. This study was performed to determine the major causes of acute poisoning leading to Hospitalization at Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Yasuj, Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was performed from August 2007 to July 2008 on 470 cases of poisonings referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital of Yasuj. Demographic characteristics, time of poisoning, poisoning factor, history of previous poisoning, history of psychiatric disease, medication and other therapeutic intervention based on questionnaires and interviews with patients or companions of patients were recorded. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square Test. Results: Majority of poisoned patients were single females, in the age range of 21-30 years, unemployed, lived in urban areas, and had at least a diploma. The majority of cases were intentional poisoning with a history of depression, previous poisoning and attempted suicide. Significant relationship were seen between poisoning, age, sex, and job, (p<0.05), while relationship between the place of residency, marital status, and education, with poisoning was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: With respect to the results of this study, the majority of these poisonings occurred among young, single and unemployed females due to suicide and drug intoxication. Necessary actions should be done in drug usage and maintenance, taking action against non-prescription drugs and giving proper public education to families.

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Abstract Backgrounds & aim: The heavy metals entering the water resources through different channels pose risks, such as poisoning and carcinogenesis, in the living organisms’ body. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution pattern of heavy metals in drinking water networks using GIS in Gachsaran, Iran. . Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, samples were taken from11 spots of the drinking water distribution network and tested for concentration of 10 metals by Inductivity Coupled Ions Plasma (ICP) method in summer of 2010. The research data were compared with national and international water standards. Then the distribution map of heavy metals concentrations in the drinking water wells of the region was prepared by using the Geographical Information System (GIS) software. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: In all samples, the average concentration of heavy metals were: Arsenic 0.54, Cadmium 0.05, Zinc 55.9, Lead 0.18, Copper .82, Chromium 1.6, Barium 36.5, Selenium0.5, Mercury 0.1 and Silver 0.05 micrograms per liter and was less than the water quality standard. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that concentrations of heavy metals in Gachsaran’s drinking water distribution network are not higher than national and international standards and therefore not harmful for people. Key words: Heavy metals, Distribution network, Gachsaran, geographical information system (GIS)

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Background & aim: Despite the wide variety methods of psychological therapies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, still a significant number of patients do not respond to treatment or show a low relatively improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy in reducing the early severity of maladaptive schemas of male veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Methods: The present experimental study was conducted on three male veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Twenty one sessions of therapy was performed according to the Young's model scheme for changing the rate and severity of early maladaptive schemas on the subjects at the end of the protocol and were reassessed follow-up treatment during the two-month. Research tools consisted of a short questionnaire form of the Young, Schema Questionnaire, Young Compensation Inventory, and Young Shun - vote, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Scale, Clinician Administered PSDS, Mississippi for post-traumatic stress disorder and comprehensive international diagnostic interview. Results: The findings showed that the Schema therapy reduced the severity of maladaptive schemas in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and follow-up period of treatment indicates the consistency of treatment. Discussion: Schema therapy targeting the root growth impairment and restructuring of maladaptive schemas able to treat persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and decreased their incompatible schemas activity.

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Background and aim: Considering the rise of HIV transmission through sexual contact, the necessity of disease prevention through sexually transmitted is apparent from the models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational program based on health belief model in health beliefs about AIDS in high school female students in tehran. Methods: The present interventional study was conducted on 77 students in level one, two and three as intervention group and 72 students as control group from two high schools of area 8. Data collection tool was a questionnaire containing demographic information and questions related to the health belief model. After pretest on both groups the only intervention group was educated based on HIV and AIDS preventive behaviors. Collected data were analyzed by Paired t-test and Independent t-test. Results: In spite of similarity in both groups at baseline, the intervention was carried out based on health belief leads to a significant improvement in knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and self-efficacy respectively (p< 0.05). It also indicated that the students' perceived barriers to HIV preventive behaviors and beliefs associated to the disease significantly declined (p <0.05). Conclusion: Results of study revealed that the educational program might improve the health beliefs of the students regarding HIV preventive behaviors. Therefore it is recommended to high schools if the training program be approved by other studies.

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Background & aim: Jaundice is one of the most significant problems to consider in the neonatal period. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of oral zinc sulfate on uncomplicated neonatal jaundice using comparison of effect of just phototherapy with the effect of combination of phototherapy and oral zinc sulfate.

Methods: The present double blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on 78 normal term neonates with the age of 2-7 days who were admitted for uncomplicated jaundice in neonatal ward of Imam Sajjad Hospital of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. These infants were divided to experimental group (40 cases) and control group (38 cases) using block random allocation. In the control group, phototherapy was done alone and experimental group received elemental zinc orally as 10 mg daily for 5 days in combination with phototherapy.  The total bilirubin serum levels were measured at the beginning of the study , 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after the beginning of the study, discharge, and one week after discharge. The collected data were analyzed by the Chi Square test, independent t-test, and analysis of variance with repeated measurement.

Results: There were no significant statistical difference between the experimental group and control group in sex, age, birth weight, hemoglobin, reticulocyte percentage, G6PD deficiency, and of serum total bilirubin level at the beginning of study(p>0.05). Analysis of variance with repeated measurement showed that there were no significant statistical difference between the total bilirubin serum level at 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours after beginning of the study, discharge, and one week after discharge (p>0.05). Also, the mean of hospitalization duration was not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Although oral zinc salts inhibit the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin, however probably not effective in the treatment of neonatal physiologic jaundice. Due to lack of human studies on the effect of oral zinc salts, further studies are recommended.

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ABSTRACT
 
Background and aim: Emotional failure and inefficient styles of decision making tend to create a number of difficulties in everyday life with long lasting effects. This failure for prison inmates, especially the female ones, is more critical and palpable. This study aimed to teach emotional regulation on impulsivity and styles of decision-making among the female prisoners in Yasuj.
 
Methods: In the present trial-clinical and interventional study, the sample included 30 female inmates who voluntarily participated in the study and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent an eight-session Grass-based emotional regulation skills training program, but the control group received no intervention. Subsequently, the training and control groups were given pretest and posttests. The instruments consisted of Barratt’s Impulsiveness and Scott and Bruce’s decision making styles questionnaire. Data were then analyzed using SPSS version 22.
 
Results: The findings showed the effect of emotional regulation training program on reducing overall (P<0.05), cognitive (P<0.001), behavioral (P<0.05), and unplanned (P<0.05) impulsivity among the female prisoners. The program also increased rational (P<0.001) and intuitive (P<0.01) decision making styles among the participants. Likewise, the intervention had a significant impact on reducing the avoidance (P<0.05), dependent (P<0.05) and immediate (P<0.05) decision making styles.
 
Conclusion: According to the results, since the teaching of the emotional regulation reduces impulsivity and increases styles of rational decision making among the prisoners,  it should be noted that professional communication in the form of emotional regulation training can result in the enhancement of knowledge and skills in controlling the negative impulsivity styles and increase rational decision.

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Abstract
 
Background and Aim: evidence has shown the relation between autonomic nervous system response and sleep quality; and the beneficial effects of exercises on these two subjects. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect eight weeks selected swimming training on Autonomic Nervous System responses assessment and sleep quality changes in untrained females.
 
Methods: In the present semi-experience study, 24 sedentary healthy untrained females were randomly assigned in two exercise training (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The swimming training protocol includes sessions with 60 minutes at 60 to 80 percent of maximum heart rate, three sessions per week for eight weeks. Resting and maximal Heart rate assessed before and after intervention. Participants sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data was processed by using SPSS version 22 and Independent and dependent t-test.
 
Results: The results showed a significant decrease in resting heart rate and maximum in the exercise group (p = 0.071, p = 0.071,) respectively. The score of sleep quality index of participants in the training group showed a significant decrease (p = 0.0001). The performance of swimming exercises resulted in a significant decrease in the score of sleep quality index and maximum heart rate in the exercise group compared to the control group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017). Quality and maximal Heart rate in training group as compared to control group (P=0.002, P=0.017).
 
Conclusion: according to the findings, swimming exercises through improving the sympathovagal balance led to decrease Heart rate and improve sleep quality in untrained females. Thus it should be considered as a viable non-pharmacological strategy to improve sleep quality in untrained females.
 

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Abstract
Background & aim:  Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in different parts of the world. Nowadays, nanoparticles, as an anticancer agent, have been considered in research on cancer treatment. Since the P53 gene has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in many cancers, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of P53 gene on AGS gastric cancer cells after the effects of palladium nanoparticles.
 
Methods: The present experimental study was conducted from April to September 2011 in Varamin Islamic Azad University. In this study, AGS and normal HEK293 cancer cells were treated for 48 hours at different concentrations of palladium (5700.570, 57.5, μg / ml) nanoparticles. The effect of nanoparticles on cell survival was measured by MTT method. Extracting RNA and synthesizing of cDNA was determined. Finally, expression of P53 gene was evaluated using Real Time PCR. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.
 
Results: The results of cell toxicity indicated that in high concentrations of palladium nanoparticles, cell proliferation significantly lead to cell death  compared to the control group (P = 0.002). The results of the Real Time PCR test disclosed that P53 gene expression was not significantly increased in comparison with the reference gene during 48 hours (P = 0.09).
 
Conclusion: Palladium nanoparticles presented an ability to destroy the AGS cancer cell line compared to the normal HEK293 class, but this was not due to the increased expression of the P53 gene. More studies are desirable to determine the type of cell death caused by the toxicity of palladium nanoparticles.
 
 

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Abstract:
 
Background & aim: Population growth, consumption pattern change, economic development, income change, urbanization and industrialization have increased waste production and diversity of waste. Knowledge of sources and types of waste along with information about the composition and production rate is the basis for the design and operation of waste management systems. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and analyze the situation of waste management in Yasuj, Iran.
 
Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 in Yasuj. In order to quantitatively analyze and determine the percentage of components of Yasuj municipal waste, the number of samples was estimated according to ASTM instructions and samples were taken from the trucks entering the landfill on different days of the week. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Excel software.
Results: The average per capita waste generated in Yasuj was calculated to be 1.03 kg per person per day and food waste, plastic, paper and cardboard were the maximum components of solid waste in Yasuj, respectively. The average density of municipal solid waste was 215 kg / m3 and the moisture content was 47%.
 
Conclusion: According to the studies conducted in the field of waste management in the study area and the existence of significant amounts of recyclable and economically valuable components such as perishable waste, plastics and paper and cardboard, attention to their recovery in the waste management system of Yasuj city. It is suggested that in addition to economic benefits, part of the costs of waste management be offset. Evidently, in order to maintain the quality of recycling components, training people to separate waste at the source of production and create a labor market for investors is also recommended.
 

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Background & aim: Considering the role of childbirth satisfaction on mood in postpartum period and its possible role on breastfeeding self-efficacy, the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between childbirth satisfaction and lactation self-efficacy in women referred to comprehensive health centers. It was the city of Kashan.
 
Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020-2021. The statistical population included 300 mothers who referred to health centers during 4-8 weeks after delivery. To collect data, a checklist of demographic and obstetric characteristics, revised maternity satisfaction scale and short scale of breastfeeding self-efficacy were used. Validity and reliability of the instruments used were approved. it placed. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear multiple regression by SPSS software.
 
Results: The mean score of breastfeeding self-efficacy of women was 46.75 10 10.75 and the mean score of their satisfaction with childbirth was 23.58 90 4.90. Pearson correlation test showed that women's satisfaction with childbirth had no significant relationship with their breastfeeding self-efficacy (r = -0.005, p = 0.932). The results of linear regression indicated that the variables of increasing family income, positive experience of breastfeeding, non-consumption of infant formula, more frequent breastfeeding and shorter interval from delivery to the first breastfeeding can predict the self-efficacy of breastfeeding women.
 
Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that there was no correlation between delivery satisfaction and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Factors such as optimal support at delivery, previous history of breastfeeding and short interval between delivery and lactation had a predominant effect on delivery satisfaction.
 
 

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Background & aim: Today, the production of effluents containing medicinal compounds, including tetracyclines, is one of the major threats to the environment and endanger human health. Accordingly, the need for an efficient system to remove these compounds from aquatic environments is felt. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize and model the removal of tetracycline antibiotics using TiO2 / N / S nanocatalyst in the presence of visible light in aqueous solutions.
 
 

Methods: In this experimental study conducted in 2019, nanocatalyst was synthesized by sol-gel method and then its characteristics were analyzed using SEM, XRD, EDS and BET analyzes. Secondly, by changing the reaction conditions such as changing the synthesized photocatalyst dose (0.1-2) g/l, antibiotic concentration (1-50) mg/l, reaction time (2-90) minutes and solution pH (2-10) and by visible light irradiation to remove tetracycline from synthetic effluent and the effect of these variables on process performance by response surface method and CCD method and determination of optimal conditions, investigation of reaction kinetics, tetracycline mineralization and photocatalyst performance in real wastewater treatment Was evaluated. Tetracycline was determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance.

 
Results: The software has proposed a complete quadratic model as the best model, based on ANOVA analysis of variance. The maximum removal efficiency of tetracycline with this process in optimal conditions with a pH of 6 and a time of 56 minutes and a concentration of tetracycline of 13 mg/l was the catalyst value of 1.2 g/l was 77%. The mineralization efficiency of tetracycline antibiotics under optimal conditions was 47% and the kinetic study presented that the data followed the quasi-first-order model well and eliminate the tetracycline process in the wastewater of Imam Sajjad Hospital of Yasuj by 72%.
 
Conclusion: The results indicated that the efficiency of TiO₂/N/S photocatalytic process exposed to visible light radiation in the removal of tetracycline due to lack of by-products as well as mineral end products (carbon dioxide and water) as a desirable process.
 
 

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Background & aim: Due to the presence of high amounts of compounds with antioxidant and cytotoxic properties in Foeniculum vulgare mill seed essential oil, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of fennel seed essential oil on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and A2780 ovarian cancer cell line.
 
Methods: The present experimental study was conducted in 2018. First, Foeniculum vulgare mill seed essential oil was extracted by distillation in water and using a Clevenger. At that point, MCF-7 and A2780 cancer cells were cultured and propagated, and the cytotoxicity of the essential oil in concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100, 125, 250 and 500 μg / ml for 24 and 48 hours based on colorimetric test (MTT). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the essential oil at concentrations of 1, 0.7, 0.5, 0.2 and 0.08 mg/ml was investigated using the free radical scavenging test (DPPH). Collected data were analyzed using the statistical test of two-way analysis of variance and using Graph Pad Prism statistical software.
 
Results: The results of the present study indicated that Foeniculum vulgare mill seed essential oil significantly reduced the growth of MCF-7 and A2780 cancer cells compared to the control group in many concentrations used (especially high concentrations) within 24 and 48 hours. The toxicity of the essential oil was higher for MCF-7 cell line in all concentrations except 10 μg / ml within 24 hours, and in 48 hours, the essential oil was more toxic for MCF-7 cell line in all concentrations. The IC50 of the essential oil during 24 and 48 hours for MCF-7 was 94.3 and 61.7 μg/ml, respectively, while the essential oil had no IC50 for the A2780 cell line. It was as well found that fennel seed essential oil had antioxidant activity in all concentrations used in a concentration-dependent manner.
 
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that Foeniculum vulgare essential oil in different concentrations can have significant anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 breast cancer and A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines.
 
 

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Background & aim: The presence of natural organic substances (NOM) in aqueous solutions due to the creation of disinfection by-products (DBP) including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), as a result of the chlorination of aqueous solutions in the conventional purification process and according to Potential health risks for public health have attracted a lot of attention. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the performance of combined Fenton-ultrasonic processes in removing the precursors of trihalomethanes from aqueous environments using zero iron.

Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in 2021, the effect of independent variables included: the initial concentration of the pollutant, the reaction time, the concentration of the catalyst used, the amount of hydrogen peroxide used and the pH in the specified range to remove the precursors of trihalomethanes from water environments using zero iron with the surface-response method based on composite design. Central (CCD) was evaluated. Experiments were designed using Design expert software and CCD-RSM method. The graphs and figures required to determine the kinetics of the reactions were drawn using Excel software and the statistical parameters were analyzed to determine the optimal conditions of the process using analysis of variance, regression and Fisher tests.

Results: The results indicated that by keeping the humic acid concentration at 64.75 mg/liter and the catalyst concentration at 106.76 mg/liter and the constant pH=4.39, the highest humic acid removal efficiency occurs when It happens that the hydrogen peroxide and the reaction time are at their maximum level of 35 mmol and 88.75 minutes, respectively, and in this condition, the removal rate has increased from 80% to 92%, and also with the increase in the amount of the catalyst, the reaction efficiency increases. find According to the reactions related to the Fenton process, the presence of iron causes an increase in hydroxyl radicals, this can be one of the reasons for increasing the removal efficiency.

Conclusion: In the mentioned Ultrasonic-Fenton process under laboratory conditions, iron ion as a catalyst reacted with an oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide in an acidic environment and produces hydroxyl radicals. The efficiency of this method was influenced by various factors such as pH, concentration of iron and hydrogen peroxide, initial concentration of the pollutant and reaction time.