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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Diabetes is regarded as a serious condition for both the individual and the society. One of the most important mortality reasons in diabetic patients is atherosclerosis. Many epidemiological studies have shown that the total homocysteine concentration is a risk indicator for cardiovascular disease. Malondialdehyde (MDA) also is a highly toxic by-product formed in part by lipid oxidation derived free radicals. Many studies have shown that its concentration increases considerably in diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological data indicate that the consumption of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids (O3FA) leads to a reduction in cardiovascular disorders may protect against metabolic diseases. In recent years, numerous researches on omega-3 fatty acids have been done but it cannot be used as a confident additive. So in order to evaluate and compare the effects of ω3 on malondialdehyde (as fat peroxidation indicator) and homocysteine on diabetic type 2 patients, this research was carried out in Tehran University. Materials & Methods: A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on 81 type 2 diabetic patients, 45–85 years old with diabetes for at least 2 years.Diabetic patients were randomly assigned to one of the case or control groups, each subject received 3 capsules per day of omega-3 or placebo for a period of 2 months. 10 ml blood was collected from each subject at the beginning and at the end of a 2-month trial. Serum MDA was determined with Tiobarbituric acid for more sensitivity and homosystein was measured by Hitachi autoanalyzer with Enzymatic Cycling method. Nutrients intakes were estimated using 24 h dietary recall questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the 2-month trial for 2 days and analyzed by FPп. T-test also was used to compare groups. Results: Copmaring the mean±S.D of BMI and food intake in both groups showed no significant differences. MDA level degreased 0.72 nmol/ml in case group but the difference with the control group was not significant but the differences of homosystein level in case (3.10µmol/lit) and control (0.126µmol/lit) groups were significant. Conclusion: Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation (3 gr/per day) in capsul form can decrease the serum level of homocysteine in diabetic patients without inducing any changes in MDA level and lipid peroxidation.

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Background & aim: Obesity and asthma, are cardiorespiratory changes that could affect the airways and may play a role in occurrence of symptoms during exercise. However, there is little information about the effect of high and low humidity on cardiorespiratory factor in obese children with asthma during progressive aerobic activity. Methods: The present case-control study was carried out with ten obese asthmatic children and fifteen healthy children who performed an exercise protocol in different environments (relative humidity 65 ± 5% versus 35 ± 5%). During exercise, cardiorespiratory parameters were controlled using K4B2. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and double product were measured with a digital sphygmomanometer and stethoscope polar. Data were analyzed with dependent T test and ANOVA with repeated measures analysis. Results: A significant increase was detected in the markers of HR, SP and DP after exercise in obese children with asthma and healthy children (P< 0.005). However, indexes of cardiorespiratory and exhaustion was significantly higher in obese children with asthma and healthy during exercise in the environment with 65 ± 5% relative humidity, as compared to 35 ± 5% relative humidity. Conclusion: These results indicated that cardiorespiratory function in children with asthma and healthy children were different. Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise in children are influenced by environmental conditions such as humidity, so that humidity has a negative impact on the duration of the activity and load on the heart muscle.

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Background & aim: Propiconazole is an herbal fungicide which is used as a tropical and systematic drug for fungal infection and also as an agricultural chemical for protection and preservation of fruits, vegetables and grains. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of fungicides propiconazol and possible protective effects of selenium on testes tissue. Methods: The present expremental trail study was conducted on forty rats which were divided into ten groups of four including control , sham (solvent of propiconazole, distilled water), solvent of selenium (normal saline) and seven experimental groups : group 1 received 0.5 mg/kg/day of selenium, groups 2,3,4 received three doses of 10,50,75 mg/kg/day of Propiconazole, and groups 5,6,7 received three doses of 10, 50, 75 mg/kg/day of propiconazole with 0.5 mg/kg/day of selenium toevaluate. The administration was done intrapritoneal for two weeks in an alternatively fashion. After determining the level of LH, FSH, Testosterone, sperm was counted by hemocitometer. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software using ANOVA test. Results: No significant differences was observed in the level of hormones in the experimental groups2-7 compared with the control group, but the number of sertoli cells, spermatogonia , primary spermatocyte , spermatid and sperm decreased significantly in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The decrease in numbers of counted sperm indicates that propiconazole has disrupted the production process of these cells and selenium was unable to improve that.

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Background & aim: Conazoles including imidazoles or triazoles are anti- fungal agents widely used to prevent fungal growth and their infections. Propiconazole placed in this group is a systemic fungicide used widely for detoxification of cereal seeds especially rice in Iran and other countries. This fungicide were designed to inhibit a specific cytochrome P450, CYP51 (lanosterol-14-α- demethylase), a critical step in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a steroid required for the formation of the fungal cell wall. In the present experimental study, the effect of propiconazole on Caspase 9 gene expression profile as an initiator of apoptotic process and protective effect of selenium were investigated.

Methods: Forty SD rats were divided into 10 groups of 4,  including : control , sham1 (solvent of propiconazole, distilled water), sham 2 (solvent of selenium, normal saline) and 1 group received 0.5 mg/kg selenium ,3 groups received propiconazole in doses of 10,50,75  mg/kg and 3 groups received propiconazole in doses of 10,50,75 mg/kg propiconazole with 0.5 mg/kg of selenium. Injections were intrapritoneal for two weeks in alternate days. Then, using RT-PCR and Total Lab program gene expression of caspase-9 testicular of all groups were studied. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:  A significant increase of caspase 9 expression were observed among all experimental groups compared to control and sham groups. These findings indicated that 0.5 mg/kg selenium is not a suitable dose to create protection in this experimental study. 

Conclusion: The significant increase in Caspase 9 gene expression profile observed in all experimental groups as compared to control suggests activation of apoptosis and inefficacy of selenium to protect the testis against induced damages.

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Background & aim: Due to the high association of ductal carcinoma in situ with breast and non-invasive breast disease, if properly diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, the disease has a good prognosis and can improve and prevent disease invasion. The aim of this study was to identify and diagnose a case of non-invasive tumor of the nipple.
 
Case Introduction: The patient was a 39-year-old women who was presented with superficial ulcers and bloody discharge from the left nipple. Examination of the left nipple had shiny tissue and superficial ulcers, and no palpable mass. The patient had a history of 2 pregnancies with 2 live children and after the first delivery, used birth control pills for 5 years. The patient did not recover after a week of eczema treatment, and a nipple sample was taken, where Paget's disease and ductal carcinoma were reported. He then underwent breast maintenance surgery and a biopsy of the exfoliating lymph node. In the first week after surgery, she developed extensive hematoma at the site of surgery, which reduced the swelling of the breast by emptying the hematoma. The patient underwent mastectomy surgery and externalization of the axillary lymph nodes due to the extent of localized ductal carcinoma.
 
Conclusion: Due to the clinical manifestations of breast disease, it is necessary to pay attention to breast manifestations even at a young age and the necessary studies to diagnose possible malignancies and further investigation, even in cases of local carcino 
 

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Background & aim: Diabetes is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Although the favorable role of physical activity and antioxidants in people's health has been reported, the simultaneous effect of HIIT and crocetin on angiogenesis in heart tissue is not well known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of intermittent aerobic training with the consumption of crocetin extract on some indicators of angiogenesis in the heart tissue of prediabetic and diabetic aged rats.

Methods: the present experimental study was conducted in 2022. Forty-five elderly male mice with diabetes aged 14-16 weeks and weighing 30-35 grams were divided into groups; Pre-diabetic, pre-diabetic+aerobic exercise, pre-diabetic+crocetin, pre-diabetic + aerobic + crocetin, diabetic, diabetic + aerobic exercise, diabetic + crocetin and diabetic + aerobic + crocetin. In order to investigate the effect of modeling on the variables, 5 rats were included in the healthy control group. HIIT aerobic exercise was performed for eight weeks, five sessions per training week, and a dose of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) was injected. And the mice received crocetin at the rate of 30 mg/kg per day by intraperitoneal injection. The expression level of FGF and No genes was measured by Real time RT-PCR technique. The collected data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test.

Results: The expression values of FGF-2 in the pre-diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement and the diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement were significantly higher than other groups (P≥0.05); NO gene expression values in the pre-diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement and diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement were significantly lower than other groups (P≥0.05). The insulin and glucose levels in the pre-diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement and the diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement were significantly lower than other groups (P≥0.05).

Conclusion: It seemed that interval aerobics and crocetin were effective both alone and synergistically in improving angiogenesis in heart tissue with pre-diabetes and diabetes. Therefore, the use of periodic aerobics and crocetin is recommended in pre-diabetes and senile diabetes.