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Background & aim: Schwannomas are benign and slowly growing nerve sheath tumors which are usually solitary and encapsulated. They may arise from any peripheral nerve containing Schwann cells including distal portions of cranial nerves. Here we are reporting a case of Schwannoma presenting as sciatica. Case: A 30 years old woman admitted as severe chronic right lower limb pain, her complain was sciatica with an irregular prominent 15*10 cm mass found on her right buttock. She had normal laboratory data and MRI demonstrated extra muscular mass in posterior of mid zone of right thigh that was iso-signal in T1W1 and hyper-signal in T2W2. The patient underwent operation and sciatic nerve explored via posterior tight and unique neural branch of mass dissociated of sciatic and mass resected. Pathology report confirmed Schwannoma in the patient. Conclusion: In patients with sciatic pain, schwannoma nerve is one of the differential diagnosis and it needs to be considered in assessing of patients.

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Abstract:
Background and aim: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and is closely associated with impaired insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in the brain. Ziziphora tenuior exhibits antidiabetic effects and antioxidant and memory augmenting properties. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ziziphora medicinal plant on the progress of Alzheimer's disease.
Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male wistar rats (270 ± 20 gr) were divided in five groups (n = 6): control, sham, Alzheimer, Alzheimer + saline and Alzheimer + Ziziphora (3 groups). For Alzheimer induction, streptozotocin was injected intracerebroventricular (ICV) and after that, rats received Ziziphora daily (100, 150, 200 mg/kgBW) for 21 days. The Morris Water maze was used for studying the spatial learning memory. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and ANOVA and Tukey's post-test.
Results: Intraventricular injection of streptozotocin damaged the spatial memory. Pretreatment of Ziziphora (100, 150, 200 mg/kg; 21 days) significantly (p<0.05) improved the reduced spatial memory in Alzheimer's rats. In the learning phase of the Morris water maze test, the rats receiving the extract of Ziziphora in comparison with control group were found the hidden escaped platform in the shorter time and distance. In addition, 5 days after learning, in the recall phase, these rats spent more time in a quarter that placed previously escaped platform.
Conclusion: Based on the results, treatment of rats with hydro-alcoholic extract of Ziziphora can help prevent spatial memory loss during Alzheimer's disease. The extract of this plant can be improved cognitive processes through positive effects on neurological function and probably had been a significant role in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders.
 

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Abstract                
Background & aim: Failure to observe proper sleep habits causes short-term changes in biological indices, hormonal activity, followed by overweight or obesity and diabetes in children. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of teaching sleep behaviors to mothers on sleep habits of young children kindergartens city of hamadan in 2017.
 
Methods: In the present clinical trial intervention study, 84 young mothers (in each group) were selected by multistage cluster random sampling from kindergartens in Hamadan. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire and CSHQ sleep habits questionnaire. In the experimental group, two sessions of lecture, question and answer and group discussion were held for a period of three days, each session lasting 50 minutes in groups of 10-15. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
 
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores in all domains and in all sleep problems of the experimental and control groups before the intervention (p <0.05), but statistically significant difference between the mean scores of all the sleeping areas of the experimental and control groups except for time resistance was obsereved. There was a statistically significant difference in sleep after intervention (p <0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group in all domains and in all sleep problems of children before and after the intervention (p <0.05). Also in the control group there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the domains of resistance to sleep time before and after the intervention (p <0.05).
 
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of sleep problems in the experimental and control groups before and after the intervention, therefore, Teaching mothers proper sleep habits can improve sleep quality in young children.
 
 

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Background & aim: The presence of natural organic substances (NOM) in aqueous solutions due to the creation of disinfection by-products (DBP) including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), as a result of the chlorination of aqueous solutions in the conventional purification process and according to Potential health risks for public health have attracted a lot of attention. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the performance of combined Fenton-ultrasonic processes in removing the precursors of trihalomethanes from aqueous environments using zero iron.

Methods: In the present experimental study conducted in 2021, the effect of independent variables included: the initial concentration of the pollutant, the reaction time, the concentration of the catalyst used, the amount of hydrogen peroxide used and the pH in the specified range to remove the precursors of trihalomethanes from water environments using zero iron with the surface-response method based on composite design. Central (CCD) was evaluated. Experiments were designed using Design expert software and CCD-RSM method. The graphs and figures required to determine the kinetics of the reactions were drawn using Excel software and the statistical parameters were analyzed to determine the optimal conditions of the process using analysis of variance, regression and Fisher tests.

Results: The results indicated that by keeping the humic acid concentration at 64.75 mg/liter and the catalyst concentration at 106.76 mg/liter and the constant pH=4.39, the highest humic acid removal efficiency occurs when It happens that the hydrogen peroxide and the reaction time are at their maximum level of 35 mmol and 88.75 minutes, respectively, and in this condition, the removal rate has increased from 80% to 92%, and also with the increase in the amount of the catalyst, the reaction efficiency increases. find According to the reactions related to the Fenton process, the presence of iron causes an increase in hydroxyl radicals, this can be one of the reasons for increasing the removal efficiency.

Conclusion: In the mentioned Ultrasonic-Fenton process under laboratory conditions, iron ion as a catalyst reacted with an oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide in an acidic environment and produces hydroxyl radicals. The efficiency of this method was influenced by various factors such as pH, concentration of iron and hydrogen peroxide, initial concentration of the pollutant and reaction time.

 

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Background & aim:  Evaluation is an integral part of educational programs and undoubtedly, for conducting appropriate evaluation Students should be evaluated in simulated conditions of the future workplace. The purpose of the present study was to design, implement and evaluate an objective structured practical test to assess the practical capabilities of environmental health engineering students at Yasuj Health Faculty in 2020-2021.

Methods: In the present descriptive study, 18 senior students of Environmental Health Engineering of Yasuj School of Health and Nutrition Sciences in 2021 were studied. The study instruments were checklists from eleven different stations, which were prepared based on the training program of the relevant course and Its content validity was examined by a panel of experts. Students' skills were evaluated in each station by the evaluator using a checklist. At the end, students completed the Survey form. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS20 software and t-test, Mann-Whitney and correlation tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: The results indicated that the average score of stations was more than 50% (63.54). Students in nine stations had a score above 50%, which indicated that the selected stations could be a suitable criterion for evaluating practical skills and OSFE exam was a suitable alternative to written and oral tests at the end of the semester. The score of two stations was less than 50%. This was due to the virtual nature of universities during the COVID-19 epidemic and it was not possible for the students to perform the necessary skills sufficiently during the study period. Stations with an average score of more than 70% indicate the mastery of students in the skills they have learned in laboratories and health-treatment centers. The level of students' satisfaction with the test was also 77.94%.

Conclusion: According to the level of student satisfaction (77.94), it can be said that this exam is a suitable and student-friendly method for assessment and its use is suitable for different courses. Given the average scores that are above average, it seems necessary to review the evaluation methods in the practical sections.

 

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Background & aim:In recent years, the pollution of the environment with all kinds of biological, chemical, poisons, pesticides and other compounds has accelerated and are considered as one of the most important challenges of the present age. Different pollutants can be measured with the use of physical, chemical or biological methods. However, a lot of information has been provided in the field of the ability of biological indicators to detect different pollutants in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and examine the characteristics and capabilities of biomarkers in environmental applications.

Methods: In the present review study conducted in 2023, different methods of using living organisms as an indicator in determining environmental changes were investigated. Biomonitoring by searching in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases using keywords "biological control", "bioindicator", "biomonitoring", "monitoring by microorganism", "bio detection", "biological index" and "biological indicator" in published articles until 2023.

Results: : The results show that many living organisms are used as bioindicators in environments. The use of various living organisms such as macrophytes, crustaceans, phytoplankton's, protozoa and larger living organisms such as fish, canaries and insects has been common in the detection and monitoring of pollutants in the environment. These organisms with different methods can help to detect or continuously monitor the presence of pollutants and determine their concentration levels in the environment such as aquatic environments.

Conclusion: In the biological monitoring by using of living organisms such as mosses to measure heavy metals, killer trout in mountain streams to assess water temperature, canaries in coal mines to assess the amount of carbon monoxide and methane gas and many other organisms known as bioindicators, are used to detect the effects of disturbances and stresses. With mechanisms such as bioaccumulation, biochemical changes, behavioral and morphological changes, and population changes, these living organisms enable the ability to detect and determine the amount of pollutants.