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Introduction & Objective: Unwanted pregnancies and its complications are one of the most important global problems related to mothers. The aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting unwanted pregnancies in urban areas of the Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. Materials & Methods: In this case – control study conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2008 ,350 women were chosen as the case group, and 700 women as the control group. During the study, data collection forms were completed by each group. Subsequently, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 by using the logistic regression, univariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: According to the results of univariate analysis, the variables husband’s education in primary school , age of the last child under one, uncertain prevention methods and receiving means of prevention from the private sector revealed that significant differences existed between the two groups (P Value<0/05). Finally, the multivariate analysis beetwen husband education variables, age of the last child , prevention methods, and receiving a contraceptive device, a significant correlation was observed with unwanted pregnancy(P Value<0/05). Conclusion: Results of this study determined that three variables (contraceptive method, the place of obtaining means, and level of her husband education) are the most important variables which affect the chance of increasing of unwanted pregnancy in users of contraceptive methods.

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Background & Aim: The available treatment for renal and upper ureteral stones less than 20-25 millimeters is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Arian 101 Lithotriptor in treatment of renal and upper ureteral stones. Methods: In this clinical trial which was conducted from 2007 to 2008 at Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, 184 patients older than 18 years of age with renal and upper ureteral stones between 6-20 millimeter who were candidate for ESWL enrolled the study, after taking informed consent. ESWL was in progress in supine position with guide of fluoroscopy by Arian 101 Lithotriptor, using standard technique. The power of Lithotriptor began from 12 KV and increased to 18 kilovoltages during 10 minutes. Patients which need more than 5000 shock were considered as unresponsive. Two weeks later, patients visited again and followed by KUB and ultrasonography and success of ESWL was recorded according to changing in stone size and residual stones. Lithotripsy was repeated in patients with residual stones larger than 5 millimeters. All collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Efficacy of Arian 101 Lithotriptor in removing of renal stones larger than 10 millimeter were found to be as 42.8% complete response, 29.7% partial response while 27.4% of subjects had no response. Its efficacy in upper ureteral stones larger than 10 millimeter were as 40% complete response, 26% partial response and 34% had no response. The complete responses in renal and upper ureteral stones smaller than 10 millimeter were 54.9% and 46.7% respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that Arian 101 Lithotriptor has suitable efficacy in treatment of stones less than 10 millimeter, but its efficacy in removing of stones larger than 10 millimeter is not satisfactory. Further studies is needed to verify these findings.

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Background & Aim: Aging is a biological process influenced by biological, physiological, social and environmental factors. This study was conducted to determine the health status of elderly people resident in Yasouj, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yasouj during 2008. A number of 428 people, aged over 60, were selected based on cluster and random sampling. A researcher made questionnaire, based on existing literatures and current studies, was designed in four domains known as activities of daily living (ADL), physical health, psycho-spiritual health and status of socio-economic. Its content validity, face validity and reliability were reviewed and confirmed. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software version 17 using descriptive statistics such as frequency, tables, the central and dispersion statistical indicators as well as inferential statistics like independent t-test with considering α= 0.5. Results: In this study, the total mean scores of four domains of health were 106.63 ± 6.49 (range 82-134), which has 99 percent of their health status were totally described as moderate. Based on four areas of health status, the mean score of activities of daily living, physical health, psycho-spiritual health and socio-economic status were 23.72± 4 (range 16-34), 25.40± 3.21(range 13-34), 34.03± 4.71 (range 14-46) and 23.71± 4.20 with range of 15-37, respectively. Compared mean scores of activities of daily living and psycho-spiritual health showed significant statistical differences according to age groups and sex variables. Conclusion: Health status of the majority of elderly people in this study was moderate which require further attention and holistic support from the family, community, and health authorities in the field.

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Backgrounds & aim: Early diagnosis of developmental delays in children with high risk history of hospitalization in the intensive care unit is essential. Children with one or more risk factors before or around birth are more at risk for developmental delay. The aim of this study was to determine the evolution and history of premature children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: the present descriptive study was conducted on 80 premature children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Imam Sajad (AS) hospital, Yasuj, Iran, with a history of developmental delay at the ages of 4, 6.12 months using the ASQ questionnaire. The questionnaire contains 30 questions including five fields such as communication, gross motor, fine motor, social-personal, problem solving. Along with questionnaire, other essential information were completed. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: among 80 patients, 43 cases (53.8 %) were male, with an average weight of 1734.37+-445.50 gr. Regarding communication, gross motor, fine motor, social-personal, problem solving, the results were abnormal at the rate of 10, 30, 27.5, 23.8 and 23.8% respectively. There was no significant relationship found among different fields of development, birth weight, gestational age and Apgar score a significant relationship was found. A significant relationship between infants born through normal delivery and infants born via Caesarean section was realized (p<0.05). Conclusion: Despite the natural evolution, the majority of premature children with a history of NICU admission, a significant number have developmental disorder and need to consider early to avoid complications in the future.

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Background & aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and one of the factors threatening the health of women worldwide. Leptin is a 16 kD glycoprotein hormone produced predominantly by white adipose tissue. Leptin binds to receptors in the hypothalamus and plays a key role in regulation of metabolism. Both leptin and leptin receptor have recently been implicated in processes and progress leading to breast cancer initiation. The aim of this study was to identify if there is association between leptin and pathological indexes in patients with breast cancer Methods: 45women with breast cancer were enrolled. Serum leptin levels of patients were measured by the ELISA method. Pathological information such as stage of the breast cancer, Hormonal receptor (ER, PR) and Her2 status in these patients were determined. Result: Results revealed that the patients who were in stage one and two, the mean serum leptin level was (34.18±21.22 ng/ml) And patients who were in stage three and four, the mean serum leptin level was (32.21±21/93 ng/ml). Also the mean serum leptin levels in patients whose receptor status of ER, PR and HER2 positive were (35.90±23.55, 35.74±23.91and 37.02±24.25ng/ml), respectively. The Patients whose receptor status of ER, PR and HER2 negative were 26.64±13.13, 28.17±14.26and31.32±19.9ng/ml respectively. No significant association was found between leptin leveland stage of the breast cancer, hormonal receptor (ER, PR) and Her2 status in Patients with Breast cancer(p>0.05). Conclusions: In this study, no association was found between serum leptin level and pathological indices in women with Breast cancer in Yasuj, Iran.