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1.Borli S, Diana SK. Easy Labour by Lamas Method, translation: Zein Ali Bagha E. 1st ed. Tehran: Babazadeh 1382:2. 2.Hadi N. Mother & Child Health . 1st ed. Shiraz: Navid13849. 3.Hosseinpour N. Acupuncture & tens on severity primiparous women's labour pain reffers to zeinabieh hospital of shiraz . MS thesis of nursing & midwifery college of shiraz university of medical sciences, Shiraz,1386. 4.Shariat MA, Mohammadian Mohamad A, Mahmodi M. The effect of request of pregnant women on elective cesarean section Payesh J. Tehran University of Medical Sciences 1382 133-9. 5.Zolfaghari F, Asadi Noghabi AA. Nursing health of mothers & children, boshra. 3th ed. Tehran: Boshra 1382141-2. 6.England A. Aromatherapy & Massage, translation: Firozi M (editor).1st ed. Mashhad: Sokhan Gostar 138320-26. 7.Bosher K. evaluation recognize treatment pain, translation. Sharoghi A, Sagedi FZ(editors).1st ed. Tehran: Chehr 1374 206-7. 8.Krpapp Jacquelin KEL. The gale encyclopedia of alternative medicine 20013:1037-9. 9.Goldberg L. Aromatherapy, translation. Kamali F(editor).1st ed. Tehran: Teimoorzadeh 1382 24. 10.Bastard J, Tiran D. Aromatherapy and massage for antenatal anxiety: Its effect on the fetus. Complemetary Therapies in Clinical Practice 2006 12: 48-54. 11.Burns E, Blamey C, Ersser SJ. The use of aromatherapy in intrapartum midwifery practice an observational study. Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 2000 6(1):33-4. 12.Sobhani A R. Sharemi H, Orang R. The effect of essential of lavender on cesarean pain. Gilan Ums J 1385 62(16): 80-6. 13.Han S, Hur M, Buckle J, Choi J, Lee, M. Effects of aromatherapy on symptoms of dysmenorrhea in college students: a randomizaed placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2006 12: 535-41. 14.Golian tehrani SH, Vasegh rahim Pour F, Mehran A. The Effect of Relaxation by Meditation on the Severity of Pain on the Length of Active Phase in Nulliparous Women. Hayat J 1385 3(12): 51-61. 15.Kim JT, Wajda M, Cuff G, Serota D, Schlame M, Axelrod DM, et al. Evaluation of aromatherapy in treating postoperative pain: pilot study. Pain Practice 2006 6: 273-7.

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Background & Aim: Re-use of wastewater is an appropriate approach for development of water resources and water supply strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of HRF in COD removal from secondary effluent of municipal wastewater in Yasouj. Methods: The pilot which was used in the present study was a horizontal roughing filter designed and prepared according to the Wegelin’s Design Criteria. The Samples were removed daily and instantaneous based on the predicted number of samples (28 samples at each filtration rate) from the input and output filter, and then tested in the laboratory by the D5000 device. The collected data was analyzed using ANOVA and paired t-test. Results: The results indicated that the average COD removal in the filtration rate of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 were 60, 51, and 38 percent respectively. Conclusion: The average output of the HRF for all three filtration rates was lower than the maximum EPA standard of Iran.

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Abstract Background & aim: Accurate and timely diagnosis of premature rupture of fetal membranes has a major role in reducing infant and mother mortality and morbidity .The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the lactate concentration in vaginal fluid of pregnant women with premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM). Methods: In this diagnostic study, 90 pregnant women with single pregnancy at the gestational age of 20-41 weeks were enrolled and randomly divided into two equal groups of 45. The first group includes pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes and the second groups were included pregnant women with intact membranes. To confirm or reject premature rupture of membranes, speculum examination, Fern and Nitrazyn was used in both groups. Lactate concentration test of vaginal fluid was performed by enzymatic colorimetric assay via handheld device Lactate Pro. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS 17 software. Results: Lactate threshold concentration was determined at level of 4.6 mM/L. Lactate concentration in vaginal secretions for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes, a positive test with a sensitivity of 95.6%, specificity 97.8%, the accuracy of the 96.6%, positive predictive value of 97.7%, , PPV 95.6% and negative predictive value of 95.6% were obtained respectively. Conclusion: Test of Lactate concentration in vaginal fluid test is a valid, quick and easy with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes the fetus of pregnant women.

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Background & aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and one of the factors threatening the health of women worldwide. Leptin is a 16 kD glycoprotein hormone produced predominantly by white adipose tissue. Leptin binds to receptors in the hypothalamus and plays a key role in regulation of metabolism. Both leptin and leptin receptor have recently been implicated in processes and progress leading to breast cancer initiation. The aim of this study was to identify if there is association between leptin and pathological indexes in patients with breast cancer Methods: 45women with breast cancer were enrolled. Serum leptin levels of patients were measured by the ELISA method. Pathological information such as stage of the breast cancer, Hormonal receptor (ER, PR) and Her2 status in these patients were determined. Result: Results revealed that the patients who were in stage one and two, the mean serum leptin level was (34.18±21.22 ng/ml) And patients who were in stage three and four, the mean serum leptin level was (32.21±21/93 ng/ml). Also the mean serum leptin levels in patients whose receptor status of ER, PR and HER2 positive were (35.90±23.55, 35.74±23.91and 37.02±24.25ng/ml), respectively. The Patients whose receptor status of ER, PR and HER2 negative were 26.64±13.13, 28.17±14.26and31.32±19.9ng/ml respectively. No significant association was found between leptin leveland stage of the breast cancer, hormonal receptor (ER, PR) and Her2 status in Patients with Breast cancer(p>0.05). Conclusions: In this study, no association was found between serum leptin level and pathological indices in women with Breast cancer in Yasuj, Iran.

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Background & aim: Early feeding after cesarean section can have beneficial effects, however, no sufficient study has been conducted in this area. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of early feeding on the gastrointestinal complications in women after cesarean section and comparing it with a regular diet.

 

Methods: The present randomized-clinical-trial study was conducted on 160 women who admitted to Shohada hospital and underwent cesarean section in 2011-2012. The inclusion criteria included women with gestational age more than 37 weeks, singleton pregnancy, having at least 8 hours of fasting, and regional anesthesia (spinal cord), respectively. After registration of demographic characteristics and pregnancy, women were randomly divided into two groups: Early feeding (2 hours after completion of the operation, 250 ml filtered juice, tea and biscuits style regime in the next 2 hours and 2 hours after the usual diet) and the usual power (8 hours of operation clear liquid diet the day after the usual diet) groups. Presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours after surgery, time to the bowel sounds auscultation, passage of flatus and stool were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version13.The significance level of p-value was considered <0.05.

 

Results: The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, feeling of flatulence and abdominal cramp) was significantly higher at 2 and 4 hours after operation and in early feeding group and after 8 hrs. in surgery of normal diet respectively(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in symptoms between the two groups observed 12 hours after surgery (05/0 p <). The bowel sounds auscultation and passage of flatus were recorded earlier in early feeding group (P=0.001), while the recorded time for passage of stool was not different between the two groups (P>0.05).

 

Conclusion: Early feeding caused the acceleration of gastrointestinal symptoms, earlier bowel sounds auscultation and earlier utilization of gas. It is recommended to investigate the different diets and examined the level of compliance and satisfaction.