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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Vaccination of children under 1 year of age is one of the most important programs of the country at all levels of the health and treatment organization. Due to geographical dispersion and movement during different seasons of the year, tribal societies are the most vulnerable communities in the field of health services and vaccination. This study aimed at determining the vaccination coverage of children under one year of age in the tribal society of kohgiloyeh and BoyrAhmad Province. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on all the newborns from the tribal society of kohkiloyeh and BoyrAhmad province, who were under the age of one, born between 1.1.81 and 29.12.81. For data collection, a questionnaire was used which contained individual characteristics, types of routine vaccines, the data regarding the injections, and the possible reasons for delay in receiving vaccines.The questionnaire was tested for its content-validity. Results: The total coverage of B.C.G vaccine was 97%1. The total coverage of polio vaccine was 98.4%, 98.2% and 97.7% for the first, second and third doses, respectively, but it was the same for DPT vaccine. The coverage of hepatitis for the first, second, and third doses was 98.6%, 95.2% and 95%, respectively. The total coverage of polio vaccine at birth was 85.5%. All the vaccines were received with delay. The highest delay was related to first dose (27.6 days) and second dose of hepatitis B (74.3 days), first dose of measles (295.4days) and the least delay was found in polio (10.9 days) and third dose of hepatitis (272.4 days). The main reasons for delay were distance from vaccination station (27.3%), unavailability of health staff (262%) and the mother’s lack of knowledge (14.2%). Conclusion: Revision of the programs related to the monitoring of mobile teams of vaccination is necessary to improve the vaccination coverage in tribal communities. Moreover, more health staff is required in order to improve the present status of vaccination in tribal societies

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Introduction & Objective: This descriptive and analytic study was conducted to assess the factors related to drug tendency among youth and adolescents and prevention of drug addiction in Kohgiloyeh and Boyrahmad province. Materials & Methods : In this study 3749 individuals (1911 male and 1839 female) were selected by cluster sampling and were interviewed using a questionnaire. Results: Results of this study showed that 40.7% of the studied people were familiar with drugs (20% familiar and 20.7% fairly familiar), and 1.7% of them have been using drugs. The most common types of drugs among drug users was opium (85.9) which was used in a traditional form (using opiumsmoker's pipe). It was found that the drugs have been introduced to drug users by their friends for the first time and their friends have provided the drugs for them. Our findings showed that the highest rate of drug using was in Gachsaran (2.8%) and the lowest rate was in Boyerahmad (1.3%). Also it was found that drug using among adolescents was more than in the other age groups (2.6%). These results indicated that the most useful method for families to prevent the youth and adolescents from drug addiction were: parent knowledge, parent–child relationship (27.3%) parent control of child behaviours (34.6%) and providing a peaceful and quite place at home (24.4%). The most appropriate educational method for preventing drug abuse was found to be media (33.6%) and among media, TV education (45.4%) was stated to be the best. Changing the rules about drug abuse campaign was emphasised (46.2%) for drug abuse prevention.The subjects in this study stated that the most appropriate method for punishing drug abusers and drug suppliers were imprisonment (39.3% and 37.5%), and execution (21.4% and 32.9%), respectively, and the most important method for punishment of drug smugglers were execution (53.2%) and imprisonment (27.1 %). In this study the most effective social method for drug-abuse prevention was stated to be providing the entertainment, cultural and educational facilities for leisure time (39.7%), providing the sports facilities (33.4 %).The most effective economical method for preventing drug-abuse was mentioned to be providing jobs for unemployed people (41.9%), campaigning against robbery and corruption and discrimination (33.6%). Conclusion: The recommended measurements for preventing drug addiction were as fallows: employment of young adults, closeure of boundries to prevent drug imports. Considering the result of this study, it would be difficult to point out the most effective and important method for preventing drug addiction. Differences in personal profiles, problms, attitudes, behaviours and beliefs about drug-abuse seek a multidimensional approach for this problem. Contribution of families, society and and authorities are needed to tackle this problem. Public and family education is a social vaccine which improve the immunity of society. Appropriate punishment of drug-users, drug suppliers, and drug smogglers make it difficult to find the drug easily. Employment of yuong adults, providing entertainment and sports centers would be effective in prevention of drug addiction.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that may have a major public health and economic impact in most countries. The disease appears as a Malt fever in humans and abortion in animals. This study was designed to determine the serologic titer of Brucella in high risk and non high risk people in Boyerahmad. Materials & Methods: A retrospective seroepidemiological study was performed on samples collected from 604 high risk and non high risk people using Rose Bengol test, tube standard test as a rapid test and 2 mercaptoethanol (2ME) and comb's wright as a confirmatory test. The data collected were analyzed by X2 test via SPSS. Results: Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in high risk people appeared to be high in the Rose Bengal and tube standard test (TST) 6.62 at titer ≥1/40 whereas for non high risk it was 0%. Confirmation test in high risk people was shown with 2ME in four people. Conclusion: Brucellosis is a major cause of disease in high risk people which can be due to direct or indirect contact with diary products of the related animals.

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Introduction & Objective: Dorema aucheri is from the piaceae family that exists in margins of Zagros mountains in Iran. In this study, the effect of 200 and 400 mg doses of Dorema aucheri extract on DMBA induced breast tumors in rats was investigated. Materials & Methods: This experimental study, was conducted in Herbal Medicine Research Center of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. Forty rats were allocated in experimental and control groups. In experimental groups, after receiving DMBA, Dorema aucheri alcoholic extract in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight were used orally for 12 weeks. One group of control animals received DMBA only and the other group received 200 mg of Dorema aucheri extract. At the end of 12 weeks, the tumor mass was isolated and evaluated by hematoxylin eosin histology staining. The average tumor size, number of tumors, and histology of tumors in groups were compared. The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS version 18, using ANOVA and Paired T test. Results: Mean of tumor number were significantly different in experimental and control groups. No tumor was seen in control group which received 200 mg of the extract while breast tumor was seen in other groups. Mean of tumor number in animals which received 400 mg of extract was significantly higher that the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the dose of 400 mg extract of Dorema aucheri increases the tumor size, causes weight loss, decreases longevity and durability of rats while dose of 200 mg of extract reduces the tumor growth and tumor necrosis in Sprague Dawley female rat’s with breast tumor induced by DMBA

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Background & Aim: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran. Leishmania infantum is the agent of disease in studied areas. The aim of the present study was the characterization of visceral leishmaniasis in reservoir host (dogs) and determination of agent by molecular method in Boyer-Ahmad district, Iran Methods: In this study 15 infected dogs with symptoms of canine visceral leishmaniasis were selected from 5 VL endemic villages of Boyer-Ahmad district in 2010. All cases were tested by DAT for evaluation of anti leishmanial antibodies. After necropsy, parasitological study was conducted by use of impression smear of liver and spleen. Nested PCR was use to detect the parasite DNA in the liver and spleen tissues. Results: From fifteen cases, fourteen dogs had antibody titer above of 1:320 while one of the cases was seronegative. Leishmania amastigotes was seen in 13 smears of liver and spleen (13 cases). The agent of disease in 14 dogs determined as Leishmania infantum by nested PCR. Conclusion: This study confirmed that Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of canine VL in Boyer-Ahmad and the diseases pattern is similar to the rest of country. 0

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Objective & aim:  Today, divorce and marital turmoil is increasing. Understanding the factors leading to chaos and the disintegration of family relationships is important. This study aimed to explore the effect of enriching relations between spouses, the couple's emotional security and marital conflicts.

Methods: In the present interventional-analytical study, ten different offices were randomly selected.  Of people who scored high on marital conflict and emotional security, and also those who gained low scores under 40 were divided randomly into two groups. Seven relations enriching group training sessions were held for the spouses.  At the end of the training sessions, both groups were evaluated by emotional security questionnaires by Brunner et al. (2008), marital conflict Sanaei and Barati (1996).

Results: Covariance analysis and multivariate analysis of variance, analysis of the results of the marital conflict, mean and standard deviation of pre couples' marital conflict experimental and control groups were (20/15) and 20/145 (64/16) 70/143 respectively.  The test score in two groups were (60/12) and 80/64 (17.4) and 70/143 respectively. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance components of marital conflict on test scores of experimental and control groups and the control effect of pre-test showed that Pylayy effect, Wilks Lambda test, Hotelling effect on the root of F=4.47 and degrees of freedom 7 levels significantly in p=0.0001 Effect of married couples was significant in reducing aggression.

Conclusion: Enrichment relations education for spouses may significantly reduce parameters of marital conflicts.