Ensuring that healthcare professionals have adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and appropriate practice in radiation safety is particularly important in high-risk environments such as operating rooms, angiography, and CT angiography. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice among healthcare workers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces and to identify demographic and professional factors affecting these outcomes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire on 102 employees of different hospitals. Data included demographic and occupational variables, radiation-related work experience, and participation in protective training courses, and the participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice levels were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using various statistical tests.

Results: The study sample consisted of 56 males (54.9%) and 46 females (45.1%). In total, 49.0% of respondents had a very good overall level of knowledge, attitude, and practice. The mean total score was 102.6±20.5, and the mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and performance were 35.5±10.2, 29.6±4.3, and 37.5±8.2, respectively. The total, knowledge, and attitude scores were statistically different by age and for marital status. In addition, education level and job title significantly affected the scores. Participants with longer general work experience and radiation-related work experience and who had completed radiation protection training courses (both basic and advanced) achieved significantly higher scores.

Conclusion: This study provides a valuable evidence base for policymakers and healthcare managers to improve radiation safety practices and ultimately strengthen safety culture in high-risk interventional radiology settings. Demographic and professional factors, including age, marital status, education, job title, and general and radiation-related experiences, are important determinants of compliance with radiation protection standards, and considering the impact of radiation protection training, suggesting a strategy for periodicity of this training could be helpful.