@article{ author = {Jahangiri, Z and Abdolvahab, M and Bagheri, H and Jalili, M and Baghestani, AR}, title = {The Effects of Static Anti-pronation Splint on Activities of Spastic Hemiplegic Children}, abstract ={Background & aim: Cerebral palsy is a common cause of disability in childhood that effects on posture and motor development and leads in activity limitation. In these children, the function of hand and arm become problematic and this can lead to disability in doing of activities of daily living. Orthosis and splints are used to improve position, range of motion, hand function and finally can improve doing of activities in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of static anti-pronation splint on activity, spasticity, range of motion, and function of affected hand of spastic hemiplegic children of 8-12 years old. Methods: The present single blind randomized control trial study was conducted on 20 spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy children with 8 to 12 years old who were selected through students who studied in physical disabled schools in Tehran, Iran. Patients were randomly divided into intervention and control group. Patients in the intervention group used a static anti-pronation splint for two months, 6 hours daily. Duration of using the splint was 3 sets of 2 hours a day. In this study, the Activity Scale for Kids was used to evaluate activity implementation of children, the Modified Ashworth Scale was used to assess spasticity of wrist, forearm and elbow, ROM of wrist, forearm and elbow were tested with goniometer and Box & Block test was used to evaluate hand function. Results: The results in intervention and control group were interpreted and compared together. Results in intervention group showed a significant improvement in activities of children (p<0.002), wrist`s spasticity (p<0.005), forearm`s spasticity (p<0.003), wrist`s ROM (p<0.001), Forearm ROM (p<0.003) and hand function (p<0.001). The data did not show significant improvement on elbow`s joint ROM (p<0.343) and spasticity (p<0.157).In control group, significant improvement did not seen (p>0.05). In comparing the results of intervention and control group, before the study there was not a significant difference between two groups, but after study, the difference was significant. Conclusions: Information from present research shows that using static anti-pronation splint for 2 months, 6 hours a day, can be an effective method to improve activity implementation, wrist and forearm spasticity and range of motion and hand function in hemiplegic CP children.}, Keywords = {Cerebral palsy, Activities of children, Static anti-pronation splint, Spastic hemiplegic}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1150-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1150-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Broomand, S and Taherianfard, M}, title = {Interaction of Bisphenol A and Passive Avoidance Learning on Dopamine D1 Receptor Distribution in Accumbens and Caudate Putamen Nuclei in Male Rats}, abstract ={Background & aim: exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) produces a significant increase in levels of the dopamine D1 receptor mRNA throughout the brain. Accordingly, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of BPA on dopamine D1 receptor distribution in accumbens (aca) and caudate putamen (cpu) nuclei in with and without learning of male rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, thirty male rats weighting 220- 300 g were used. Animals were divided into 6 groups, that each with 5 male rats. BPA in doses 5 and 50 mg/kg/day were used by oral intake for 15 days. Learning and memory were performed by a passive avoidance shuttle-box. Distribution of dopamine D1 receptor was investigated by immune-histochemical procedure. For determination of color difference the software of Image Analyzer were used. For data analysis, One-way ANOVA test and Tukey test as post-hoc were used (P<0.05). Results: Data in the present study showed that BPA in two dose significantly (P<0.05) decrease distribution of dopamine D1 receptor in aca nucleus relative to sham2 of male rats with learning. BPA in two dose significantly (P<0.05) decrease distribution of dopamine D1 receptor in cpu nucleus relative to sham1 and 2 of male rats with and without learning. Distribution of dopamine D1 receptor in aca and cpu nuclei significantly (P<0.05) higher in sham 2 compared to sham1group.  Conclusion: According to present results, BPA impair dopamine D1 receptor distribution in aca and cpu nuclei of male rats, while the BPA in learned animal has not significant effects on dopamine D1 receptor distribution.}, Keywords = {BPA, passive avoidance learning, shuttle-box, dopamine D1 receptor, male rats}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {14-26}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1065-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1065-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Taheri, S and Mirazi, N}, title = {The Effect of Elettaria cardamomum L. Fruit\'s Hydroethanolic Extract on Thyroids Hormones Serum Level in Hypothyroid Male Mice}, abstract ={Background & aim:  Thyroid gland has an important role in growh and metabolism in the body. Hypothyroidism is a disorder that act on body organs. Medicinal plants are widely used in treatment of disease. Elettaria Cardamomum L.is known as a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine. In the present study, the Elettaria Cardamomum hydroethanolic extract (ECE) on hypothyroid male mice was investigated. Methods: In the present experimental study, 42 male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: control groups, witness (taking propylthiouracil ,PTU 0.1% in tap water), treated groups 1,2 and 3: (taking PTU, 0.1% in tap water + 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg ECE , i.p) and levothyroxine group (taking PTU, 0.1% in tap water + 15 µg/kg. gavaged). The PTU 0.1% was administered for 15 days, then the groups received ECE and levothyroxine for 10 days. The control group received 0.25ml normal saline intraperituneally daily. At the end of experiment, animals were anesthetized by ether and blood samples were collected from heart directly for analyzing TSH, T3 & T4 hormones. The data were expressed as mean±SEM and analyzed by ANOVA statistical software (P<0.05). Results:The results of this study indicated that the T3 and T4 levels decreased and TSH level increased significantly compared with the control group in taking PTU group(P<0.001). In treated groups by ECE with different concentrations the T3 and T4 serum levels increased significantly compared with the witness group (P<0.001). Moreover, the T3 and T4 serum levels increased significantly in the levothyroxine group compared with the control and hypothyroid groups(P<0.001).  Conclusion: The ECE may have antioxidant and flavonoid compounds which are able to act on thyroids hormones synthesis considerably and increase its serum levels in male mice. }, Keywords = { Hypothyroidism, Elettaria cardamomum, T3 &,,amp, T4, mice}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-39}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1170-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1170-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Banitalebi, E and CheraghCheshm, M and Faramarzi, M}, title = {A Comparison of the Effect of Conventional Exercise and Locomotor Training Quality of Life in Incomplete Paraplegic Individuals}, abstract ={Background & aim: There are various treatment methods, such as land-based training, hydrotherapy,  locomotor training with bodyweight support and functional electrical stimulation after spinal cord injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of conventional exercise and locomotor training quality of life in incomplete paraplegic persons. Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 17 voluntary paraplegic spinal cord injured volunteer participants were selected by availability. The participants were randomly assigned to locomotor group (N=10) and conventional exercises group (N=7). The participants were trained for 12 weeks, four sessions per week and 60 min per session. Locomotor sessions included 15 min warm-up on fixed gear bike, 45 min locomotor with 50% body weight and 10 min cold-down finally. 10% load was added each week. Traditional exercises sessions included 15 min warm-up plus 45 min stretch exercise and resistance training. The first samples were taken 24 h before the first session and the second samples were taken 48 h after the last session (after 12 weeks). Results: The data revealed that in the locomotor training group, there was significant reduction in serum BDNF in comparison to traditional training group. The data indicated that there were significant differences physical functioning (P = 0.039), role-physical (P = 0.001), bodily pain                     (P = 0.001), general health (P = 0.001), vitality (P = 0.001),  social functioning(P = 0.001),  role-emotional (P = 0.001), mental health (P = 0.001), between locomotor and conventional exercise groups. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in terms of physical (P = 0.313) and mental (P = 0.257) quality of life between two groups. Conclusions: The results displayed that in some aspects of quality of life were observed significant differences between the two types of rehabilitation intervention, but overall both practice and effective achievements in improving the quality of life for people with paraplegia with the same.}, Keywords = { Locomotor exercises, Quality of Life, Incomplete Paraplegia}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {40-56}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1033-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1033-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {AfshonPour, MT and Habibi, AH and Ranjbar, RA}, title = {Effects of Continuous Aerobic Exercise Training on Plasma Concentration of Apelin and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Men}, abstract ={Background & aim: Apelin is a newly discovered adipokine which plays an important role in regulation of energy homoeostasis and improvement of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on plasma concentration of apelin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic men. Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, twenty four diabetic men from Ahwaz, Iran, were selected and randomly divided into training (n=12) and control (n=12) group. Anthropometric measures, body composition and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the subjects were measured by using a modified Bruce continuous aerobic exercise training was performed during 8 week (3 session per week, 20-45 min per session, 40%- 70% HRmax). Before, and 48 hours after the last training session, plasma concentration of glucose, insulin and apelin were measured and HOMA-IR was calculated. Data analysis was used by T-tests, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient and the significant level of p<0/05 was considered. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in plasma concentration of glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR, and a significant increase in plasma concentration of apelin was observed in training group compared with pretest and control group. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship between plasma concentration of apelin and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks aerobic training was found. Conclusion: It seems that low to moderate intensity continuce areobic exercise training has significant effect on the amount of plasma apelin in type 2 diabetic men. Continuous aerobic exercise may be effective in improving the insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic men.}, Keywords = {Adipokine, Apelin, Insulin resistance, Type 2 Diabetes, continuce Aerobic Exercise}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-70}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1148-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1148-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {SalehiGatabi, A and Zaboli, F}, title = {Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Existence of Beta-Lactamase SHV, TEM, CTX-M Genes in ESBL-Producing Klebsiella Strains in the Clinical Samples in Babol, Iran}, abstract ={Background & aim: Resistance to Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) is one of the most widespread enzymatic beta-lactamase in those bacteria which cause infections in hospitals. One major reason for this type of resistance seems to be the arbitrary and/or excessive use of antibiotics. At present, there is no resistance pattern for bacterial strains which cause infections in hospitals with ESBL mechanism in different regions of Iran, they spread differently in different seasons, and more and more cases of the resistance are being reported. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and bacterial strains and to investigate the presence of Beta-lactamase SHV, TEM , CTX-M genes in those Klebsiella strains which produce ESBL. The clinical samples of the study were collected from Yahyanejad Hospital in Babol.  Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was carried out in six-months in 2014, and  2075 clinical samples( of blood, urine, respiratory discharge, throat culture, wound culture, pleural fluid culture, CSF, Ascitic fluid culture, Synovial culture, and bone marrow smear) were gathered. 39 Klebsiella strains were identified among the hospitalized and out-patients of Yahyanejad Hospital using disk diffusion method and CLSI instructions. Antibiotic allergy tests were given for all the strains, and all the strains were separated using synergic double discs to check the presence of ESBL. In the next phase of the study, the extracted DNA were examined in terms of the presence of SHV, TEM , CTX-M by using specific primers and employing PCR method. The collected data were analyzed using, SPSS and K2 tests. Results: The frequencies of the identified strains were: isolated Klebsiella Pneumonia: 31(79.49%), isolated Klebsiella Oxytoca: 5(12.82%), and isolated Klebsiella Ozaenae: 3(7.69%). Among  the isolated Klebsiella stains  19(48.72%) were resistant to cefotaxime , 14(35.90%) to ceftazidime, 18(46.16%) to Amikacin, 13(33.34%) to Meropenem, 18(46.15%) to Ciprofloxacin, 26(66.67%) to Ceftriaxone, 12(30.77%) to Piperacillin Tazobactam, and 16(41.03%) to Ampicilin sulbactam. Also, among the 39 isolated Klebsiella Pneumonia, there were 10(25.64%) isolated positive ESBL,  all the 10(100%) isolated strains  having Beta-Lactamase SHV gene, there were 6(60%) isolated positive TEM gene and there were 4(40%) isolated positive CTX-M gene. Conclusion: Considering the high rate of resistance to third generation cephalosporin, it is imperative to perform accurate antibiogram and avoid irrational prescription of antibiotics in treating infections due to organisms which produce ESBL. In addition, it is of vital importance to screen the clinical samples in terms of resistance to ESBL, and to prepare guidelines for physicians to help realize the disease and to treat the patients properly. Also , the extracted DNA were examined samples purified in identifying genes SHV ,TEM  ,CTX-M in Klebsiella Pneumonia is possible PCR method.}, Keywords = {Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Antibiotic resistance, Extended Spectrum Beta lactamase (ESBL), Polymerase Chain Reaction.}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-83}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1063-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1063-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {afrouz, S and Ghatee, MA and Zoladl, M and Sangtarash, MH and Avazpour, AR and Azizi, A and Ghalehgulab, MR and Prysaye, Z and Jamshidi, A}, title = {Study of prevalence of Thalassemia and comparison of hematological indices in types of Thalassemia in marriage candidate patients in Kohgiluye & Boyerahmad province in 1392}, abstract ={Background & aim: Thalassemia is an inherited autosomal recessive anemia caused by structural variations or abnormalities in globin chain synthesis. The screening of thalassemia in marriage candidates is a suitable opportunity for prevention and control of this disease. Regarding hematologic indices variations in above-mentioned patients, this study was conducted to compare the hematological indices variations in types of Thalassemia in marriage candidate patients in Kohgiluye & Boyerahmad province in 1392. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, the results of the genetic analysis by GAP-PCR method and hematological indices including MCV, MCH, HGA2 and RBC of  111 thalassemic marriage candidates who referred to health centers, along with their demographic data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics آنوا and Pearson correlation, by the SPSS software version 17.   Results: Alpha thalassemia (78/4 percent), non-alpha-beta thalassemia (9 percent) and beta thalassemia (8.1 percent) were the most frequent types, respectively. The average of hematological indices were 2/77 ± 0/75, 75/62 ± 5/58, 23/87 ± 2/40 5/61 ± 0/62 for HbA2, MCV, MCH and RBC, respectively. Alpha thalassemia patients showed higher MCV average in comparison to beta thalassemia cases. The difference of average of MCV between patients with alpha-thalassemia and patients with non-alpha/beta was not statistically significant. MCV average in Beta thalassemia was not different with both Alpha thalassemia and non-alpha/beta thalassemia. MCH and HgA2 difference between different thalassemia types was matched with MCV but RBC average difference was not significant for any types of thalassemia. There was a direct significant correlation between MCV and MCH for all types of thalassemia. MCV and MCH indices averages have inversely correlated with RBC In patients with alpha thalassemia (p =0/01). Conclusion: the difference of average blood parameters including MCV, MCH and HgA2 between beta thalassemia cases with alpha, non-alpha-beta thalassemia patients with beta thalassemia cases, and beta thalassemia with both alpha and non-alpha-beta thalassemia can be used as a predictive marker for clinical diagnosis types of thalassemia among Kohgiluye and Boyerahmad province patients.}, Keywords = {Alpha thalassemia, Beta thalassemia, Blood indices}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {84-94}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1238-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1238-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Jabbari, AR and Azizzadeh, M and Keyvanara, M and Rahi, F}, title = {The Consequences of Medical Services Tariffs Reform from the Perspective of Health Managers, a Qualitative Study}, abstract ={Background & aim: Medical services pricing is one of the most important tools of each country's health system policy makers. Tariff is effective on equity, efficiency, quality and accountability in the provision of services. Switch medical services tariffs affected providers of hospital and medical services income on the one hand, and on the other hand the cost of medical and hospital care providers of financial resources. The aim of this study was to obtain results and consequences of tariffs substantially reform from the health managers' point of views. Methods: The present qualitative descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013- 2014. The research population was 12 Health Managers of Tehran, Isfahan and Tabriz who were investigated with deep interview. Analysis of the data was based on a thematic analysis. Criteria such as "reliable information", "trustworthy", "reliability" and "ability to consolidation" of data were considered. Results: According to findings, the results of the study were divided into two categories: positive and negative consequences as a result of medical services tariff reforms and likely increase, although logically and scientifically. The positive consequences included; behavioral outcomes, economic and stakeholder satisfaction. And negative consequences include; economic consequences and limited group dissatisfaction. Conclusion: The consequences have been anticipated at the time of modification of medical tariffs in addition to encouraging health tariff and policy makers Because of the benefits that will be earned in terms of positive consequences, they noticed negative consequences, particularly in economic consequences and the need to provide for an increase in tariffs and the need to think for provides financing compensatory.}, Keywords = { right tariffs, medical tariffs, reform, consequences}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {95-106}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1056-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1056-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Radnia, N and Otogara, M and Sajadi, F and Hosseinirad, S}, title = {Uterine Ruptures as a Result of Misoprostol in a Case Study of a Primigravida Woman}, abstract ={Aim & Objective: Our purpose was to report the experience of uterine rupture in a primigravida patient with uterine anomaly for whom misoprostol is used for induced abortion in the second trimester. Misoprostol is a synthetic analogue of E1 prostaglandin which is used to prevent the ulcer peptic causing NSAID. Case study: A 19 year old woman with prime gravid with epigastric pain was referred to the hospital by a gynecologist and was put under the portable ultrasound but the fetal heartbeat was not audible in the suprapubic region, and given the free fluid in the abdomen at 12 weeks of pregnancy and a lot of free blood with a diagnosis of hydrops a legal abortion license was granted to her. At 16 weeks of gestation and admitted to the hospital within 48 hours due to the use of misoprostol and oxytocin, and in accordance with the protocols, due to no signs of bleeding and expansion, she was eventually discharged from the hospital. Once again she referred to the hospital in 48 hous and the mentioned procedures was done once more but the abortion did not succeed. 18 days after the last admission, she was once was once again referred to the hospital with the sign of acute stomach pain. The emergency care unit conducted the necessary procedures. Using sonography, peritoneal is dignosed, and she underwent a laparoscopy. The surgeon removed the placenta and fetus from the abdominal cavity, and when examining the uterus, and uterine rudimentary horn with a septum was observed to be incomplete for the patient during surgery. Conclusion: although uterine rupture is rarely followed by the usage of Misoprostol, it is of great importance to take into consideration the irrecoverable complications which compel us undertaking vital cautions and also make sure of the normality of uterine before prescribing Misoprostol.}, Keywords = {Uterine Rupture, Misoprostol, Gravidity}, volume = {21}, Number = {1}, pages = {107-113}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1075-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1075-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2016} }