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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Evaluation of Using IVMagnesium Sulfate forPrevention of PostoperativeAtrial Fibrillation Arrhythmiain Patients UndergoingCoronary Artery BypassGrafting A Ebadi F Mohammadhosseini SK Tabatabai A Rostaminejad ida1959mad@yahoo.com Introduction & Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common important arrhythmia of cardiac surgery. Magnesium, like several other pharmacologic agents, has been used in the prophylaxis of postoperative AF with varying degrees of success. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of magnesium administration in reducing postoperative AF after cardiac surgery. Materials & Methods: In a double blind randomized clinical trial, over an 18-month period, 162 patients that electively scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass were studied. The patients were randomly assigned to magnesium receiving (n=81) and placebo (n=81) groups. In magnesium group, the patients were received an intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate, 2 g, immediately after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. Total serum magnesium concentration was measured before induction, immediately after operation (before magnesium infusion), and 24 hr after ICU admission. AF was sought with a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) from the end of surgery up till 72 hr after operation. Results: AF occurrence in magnesium group (7.4%) was lower than placebo group (34.6%) and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in serum magnesium level during the follow-up. In patients with AF, the serum magnesium concentration before operation was significantly lower than others (p=0.0001). In all patients, the serum magnesium was decreased immediately after operation (p<0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed that hypomagnesemia is a common finding after postoperative cardiac surgery and it is associated with post operation AF. The use of magnesium in early postoperative periods is highly effective in reducing the incidence of AF after coronary artery bypass grafting arrhythmia Atrial fibrillation 2008 7 01 1 10 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-642-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Effect of KTP Laser Made byAEOI on Resected Prostateafter Open Prostatectomy MR Razzaghi M Mohammad hosseini AR Rezaei laser.cntr@gmail.com I Rezaei S.H Nicknam B Javanmard Introduction & Objective: Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is the operation most frequently performed in urology. In view of the morbidity associated with this procedure, research has been conducted to propose an endoscopic alternative to TURP. Using of high energy laser is the most promising method in these cases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of home made KTP laser on re-sected prostate adenoma after open prostatectomy. Materials & Methods: 40 patients complaining of symptomatic BPH were treated by open prostatectomy. These 40 prostates were divided in to two parts. One part was sent for pathology assessment (group A) and the other part was sent to KTP laser room in the same hospital (group B). The prostates in group B were divided into 4 groups (1, 2, 3, 4), each with 10 prostate tissue. In groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, prostate lobes underwent laser ablation in one, two three and four stage. In any stage, KTP laser, 5 watts for 15 seconds, was used. All of prostate ablated with laser were sent to pathology for evaluation of tissue ablation capacity and deep tissue penetration. The study in all of stages was blinded for pathologist. Results: Mean age of participants was 73.25±6.8 years and mean level of PSA was 3.65±2.1 ng/dl. In both groups, with every stage laser, we have 1 to 2 mm tissue ablation associated with prostate type. In pathologic examination, we have 0-2 mm tissue destruction with disappearance of cells' nuclei, basophilia of stroma and damaged tissue (cutter like effect). Findings were compatible with burn effect. Conclusion: Pathologic findings proved, in the ex vivo investigation, that KTP laser offers a good tissue ablation capacity and minimal microscopic tissue damage. The risk of capsule perforation is very low. This procedure is safe and effective in which bladder outlet obstruction symptoms will be quickly relieves and has a low rate of complications. Moreover KTP laser has much cost effectiveness, although we need further studies on live prostatic tissues Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) 2008 7 01 11 18 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-643-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Effect of Oral Clonidine onPost Operative Nausea andVomiting in GynecologicalLaparoscopic Surgery F Javaherforoosh M Pipelzadeh M Namazi Introduction & Objective: Despite advances in anesthesia nausea and vomiting is still a frequent post operative complication of general anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery. Many treatment modalities have been tried to reduce this unpleasant side effect. In this study we assessed the efficacy of oral clonidine in laparoscopic surgery in gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Materials & Methods: In this prospective double blind study, 86 ASA classes 1 or 2 were selected. Study group (n=43) received clonidine (0.2 mg tablet with 50 cc water) 60 – 90 minutes before surgery while control group ( n=43) received placebo. The patients were monitored for presence of nausea and vomiting for 24 hours. Moreover sedation scores and hemodynamic changes between 2 groups were compared. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS using chi–square and Fisher tests. Results: Nine patients (20.9%) in study group and 19 patients (44.2%) in control group nauseated (p = 0.0 21) while 16.3% of patients in study group and 34.9% in control group vomited (p = 0.048). Conclusion: Clonidine had statistically significant effect on reducing the incidence of both nausea and vomiting. It is a simple effective solution and its routine use can be suggested in gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Clonidine Nausea &amp Vomiting Laparoscopy 2008 7 01 19 27 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-644-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 The Effects of LeukemiaInhibitory Factor onDevelopment of MousePreimplantation Embryo I Amiri M Parvini A Amini R Mahmodi rmahmoudi40@yahoo.com Introduction and Objective: Recent studies have demonstrated that mammalian preimplantation embryos are exposed to a mixture of many different growth factors and cytokines, expressed by the follicles, oviducts and endometrium. Receptors for many of these growth factors have also been shown to be expressed by preimplantation embryos. In vitro culture of human and animal's embryos in conventional media lacking growth factors can result in suboptimal growth and a variety of short-term and long-term developmental abnormalities. One of these factors is Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LIF on the mouse preimplantation embryo development. Materials & Methods: Six to eight weeks old NMRI mice were superovulated by injection of 10IU PMSG and 10IU HCG 48h later. The mated mice were killed 48 hours after HCG injection, oviducts were flushed and two-cell embryos were collected and divided randomly to two groups (control and treatment). Control medium was HTF and treatment medium was HTF+1000u/ml LIF. In each group the embryos were cultured in an incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2 for 72h.The state of embryo development was evaluated in 12 hours interval using inverted microscope. Results: There was not any significant difference in the rate of morolla and blastocyst formation after 36 hours. In comparing hatching rates, 60 and 72 hours after culture, there were significant difference between control and treatment groups (p< 0.008). Conclusion: LIF doesn’t provide obvious stimulation in the early mouse embryo development until morolla stage. However, it has positive effects on preimplantation blastocyst growth, differentiation and hatching. 2008 7 01 29 38 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-645-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Identification andDifferentiation of Trichophyton Mentagrophytes and T.rubrum by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Enzymatic Digestion H Mirhendi mirhendi@tums.ac.ir S Nooripour Sisakhet MR Shidfar F Zaini N Jalalizand F Tavakoli Introduction & Objective: Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes are most common causative agents of dermatophytosis in the world. Differentiation of these species is important from the epidemiological and pathological point of view. Conventional methods including macroscopic and microscopic morphology and biochemical tests are time-consuming (in some cases it takes 3-4 weeks), laborious and still sometimes insufficient to identify these agents. The aim of this study was to use polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion for differentiation of these 2 species. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive–experimental study one hundred strains were isolated from patients with dermatophytosis. Preliminary identification was done by morphological methods. DNA was isolated and purified by glass-bead methods and ITS1- 5.8SrDNA-ITS2 region was amplified by PCR and the amplicon was digested by the restriction enzyme MvaI. The products were visualized after agarose gel electrophoresis and staining. Differentiation of the species was based on sequence analysis and the electrophoretic patterns. Results: Morphological tests were not able to definitely differentiate the two tested species, especially for isolates with intermediate features. Using molecular methods, it was found that 45 isolates are T. rubrum and 54 are T. mentagrophytes. One isolate was Fusarium spp. Physiological tests were confirmed the results except for 4 isolates. It was also found that hair perforation test is more reliable than urease test for differentiation of these two species. Conclusion: We found that DNA-based method, although expensive, is a fast and reliable method for differentiation of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. The frequency of mentioned species was almost similar in the tested isolates. The method is recommended for differentiation of other dermatophytes. Trichophyton Mentagrophytes Trichophyton Rubrum PCR 2008 7 01 39 48 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-646-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Effect of Oral Consumption of Magnesium on Glucose Concentration and Formalin Test in Diabetic Rats N Gheibi gheibi_n@yahoo.com H Rasolpor F Rajaei H Jahani Hashemi MH Esmaeili E Abbasi Introduction & Objective: Magnesium is an essential metal in carbohydrate metabolism that causes activation and release of insulin. Increasing of blood sugar in diabetic patients resulted in decreasing of magnesium in the serum and its low concentration in urine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of magnesium on glucose concentration and formalin test in diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was done from April 2007 till July 2008 in medical school of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. In this study 80 NMRI rats (Razi Co. Iran) categorized in ten groups control, diabetic without treatment of magnesium, diabetic with treatment of magnesium in one (1), two (2), three (3) and four (4) week(s). The other 4 normal groups were treated with magnesium in same timescales. In the diabetic groups, diabetes was induced with i.p. injection of 60mg/kg of streptozotocin. Besides of weight measurements, glucose concentration of animals was measured with enzymaticcolorimetric method. Pain scores were measured in formalin test. Statistical analysis was carried out by ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: The results showed that the difference in animal weight and glucose concentrations between control and diabetic groups was significant (P<0.0001). Glucose concentrations of magnesium treated diabetic groups were significantly different between 1 and 2 (P<0.005) 1 and 3 or 4 groups (P<0.0001) 2 and 3 (P<0.001) and 2 and 4 (P<0.01). Statistical differences between control and magnesium treated diabetic groups were significant between control and 1 (P<0.0001) control and 2 (P<0.05). Considering the weight of rats, there was no significant difference between diabetic in one side and 1 and 2 groups in other side while differences between diabetic and the other 3 and 4 groups were significant (P<0.001 and P<0.0001, respectively). In this study results from flinching and licking responses have been evoked by formalin in biphasic model of formalin test. Conclusion: Magnesium consuming in diabetic rats resulted in time dependent increasing of animals weight and decreasing of glucose concentration. Results from formalin test show hyperalgesic effects in diabetic and diabetic treated with magnesium groups in comparison with control groups. Diabetes Mellitus Magnesium Formalin test pain Rat 2008 7 01 49 60 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-647-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Antiatherogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Valine on Coronary Arteries of Hypercholesterolemic Animals A Movahedian movahedian@pharm.mui.ac.ir GR Dashti GA Naderi M Khademiezadeh Introduction & Objective: The decrease of peroxidantion of lipoproteins as a key event in the development of atherosclerosis by increasing plasma antioxidant capacity might be an effective approach in preventing such diseases. It has been shown that some amino acids and polyamines have antioxidant activity. In this study antioxidant and antiatherogenic effects of valine in hypercholesterolemic rabbits have been investigated. Materials & Methods: fifteen male white rabbits were divided into three groups including: normal control, hypercholesterolemic control and hypercholesterolemic treated with L-valine. Animals were fed with special diets for five weeks and then plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), conjugated diens (CDs), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (AC) were measured. Coronary arteries were obtained in order to measure fatty streaks formation by histological studies. Results: No significant difference was observed in plasma TC, LDL-C and CDs levels between valine treated and hypercholesterolemic control groups. However the levels of TG, HDL-C and MDA in valine-treated group showed a significant differences in comparison with hypercholesterolemic control group (p<0.05). Comparison of serum antioxidant capacity in valine treated group showed significant increase comparing to hypercholesterolemic control group. The mean size of produced fatty streaks also showed significant reduction in valine-treated group in comparison with hypercholesterolemic control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that valine can prevent the formation of fatty streaks in hypercholesterolemic rabbits by increasing of serum antioxidant capacity and decreasing the level of lipid peroxidation. Fatty Atherosclerosis 2008 7 01 61 68 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-648-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 A study on the Relationship between Different Dimensions of Perceived Social Support and Different Aspects of Wellbeing Gh Ghaedi H Yaaghoobi Introduction & Objective: previous studies suggest that satisfactory social support leads to physical health and psychological well-being. The aim of the present study was to investigate the gender differences in relation betweens different dimensions of perceived social support and different aspects of well-being in Iranian University Students. Materials & Methods: This analytical study was conducted, using three different groups of students. Students were selected among the students of Tehran University and Allame Tabatabayi university, in 2007. Students were asked to complete perceived social support, positive affect, negative affect, life satisfaction, and psychological and social well-being scales. All the students voluntarily completed and returned the questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data using SPSS software. Results: It was found that, social support measures are better predictors for life satisfaction and affect balance in girls compared with boys. Moreover, perceived social support from family plays a more important role in girls when it comes to prediction of psychological and social well-being. In contrast, perceived social support from friends plays the same role in boys. Finally, perceived social support from special person and colleagues’ faculty can not significantly predict aspects of well-being. Conclusion: there were gender differences in addition to similarities in the relation between aspects of perceived social support and aspects of well-being. Some aspects of perceived social support predict well-being better in boys and some others are better for prediction of well-being in girls. Perceived Social Support Psychological Well-being Social Well-being Life Satisfaction Affect Balance 2008 7 01 69 81 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-649-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Interventions Based on PRECEDE-PROCEED for Promoting Safety Behaviors in Primary School Boys M Nazari A Heidarnia Hidarnia @ modares.ac.ir H Eftekhar Ardebili M Mobasheri F Amin Shokravi SH Niknami G Babaei Introduction & Objective: Pedestrian injuries are a significant source of morbidity, mortality and disability among children. Prevention of these injuries is thus a major priority for public health and requires a comprehensive approach and educational strategies. The purpose of this study was designing and evaluation of an educational program, based on the PRECEED-PROCEED model for improvement of safety behavior in primary school boys. Materials & Methods: This study is a field trial carried out in 6th areas of Tehran in 2007. Participants (n=88) were 10 – 11 year old who followed by items measuring the PRECEED-PROCEED model before and after two months of intervention. The collected data were analyzed with T test, X2 and pair T test using SPSS software. Results: After participating in educational program, significant improvements were found in knowledge, attitude, behavior, enabling and reinforcing factors of the components of PRECEEDPROCEED model. Conclusion: The findings suggest the beneficial effects of educational intervention based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model on improving the safety behavior. It can be recommended that health education plan be used on educational models. Boys 2008 7 01 83 93 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-650-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Comparison of Coping Skills in Peptic Ulcer, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Normal People SHA Kharamin H Nilli A Mohamadi GH Mobashery 1.Wolf S. The psyche and the stomach. A historical vignette. Gastroenterology 1981 80: 605–14. 2.Bytzer P, Howell S, Leemon M, Young LJ, Jones MP, Talley NJ. Low socioeconomic class is a risk factor for upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms: a population based study in 15000 Australian adults. Gut 200149:66-72. 3.Levenstein S, Ackerman S, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Dubois A. Stress and peptic ulcer disease. JAMA 1999 281(1):10-1. 4.Ackerman SH, Hofer MA, Weiner H. Age at maternal separation and astric erosion susceptibility in the rat. Psychosom Med 1975 37: 180-4. 5.Levenstein S. Stress and peptic ulcer: life beyond Helicobacter. BMJ 1998 316: 538-41. 6.Gilligan I, Fung L, Piper DW, Tennant C. Life event stress and chronic dif-ficulties in duodenal ulcer: a case control study. J Psychosom Res 1987 31: 117-23. 7.Levenstein S, Kaplan GA, Smith M. Sociodemographic characteristics, life stressors, and peptic ulcer: a prospective study. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995 21:185-92. 8.Levenstein S, Kaplan GA, Smith MW. Psychological predictors of peptic ulcer incidence in the Alameda County study. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997 24: 140-6. 9.Whitehead WE. Assessing the effects of stress on physical symptoms. Health Psychol 1994 13: 99–102. 10.Blanchard EB, Lackner JM, Jaccard J, Rowell D, Carosella AM, Powell C, et al. The role of stress in symptom exacerbation among IBS patients. J Psychosom Res 2008 6492):119–28. 11.Schwarz SP, Blanchard EB, Berreman CF, Scharff L, Taylor AE, Greene BR, et al. Psychological aspects of irritable bowel syndrome: comparisons with inflammatory bowel disease and nonpatient controls. Behav Res Ther 1993 31: 297–304. 12.Blanchard EB, Radnitz C, Evans DD, Schwarz SP, Neff DF, Gerardi MA. Psychological comparisons of irritable bowel syndrome to chronic tension and migraine headache and non-patient controls. Biofeedback Self Regul 1986 11: 221–30. 13.Drossman DA, McKee DC, Sandler RS, Mitchell CM, Cramer EM, Lowman BC, et al. Psychosocial factors in irritable bowel syndrome: a multivariate study of patients and non-patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 1988 95: 701–8. 14.Whitehead WE, Crowell MD, Robinson JC, Heller BR, Schuster MM. Effects of stress or life events on bowel symptoms: subjects with irritable bowel syndrome compared with subjects without bowel dysfunction. Gut 1992 33: 825–30. 15.Levy RL, Cain KC, Jarrett M, Heitkemper MM. The relationship between daily life stress and gastrointestinal symptoms in women with irritable bowel syndrome. J Behav Med 1997 20:177–93. 16.Lazarus RS. Psychological stress and the coping process. 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill1966 100 . 17.Ellis A. Feeling better, getting better, staying better. 1st ed. USA: Impact Publishers 2001 120. 18.Holahan CJ, Moos RH. Risk, resistance, and psychological distress: A longitudinal analysis with adults and children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1987 96: 3-13. 19.Fawzy FI, Fawzy NW, Hyn CS, Elashoff R, Guthrie D, Fahey JL, et al. Malignant melanoma: Effects of an early structured psychiatric intervention, coping, and affective state on recurrence and survival six years later. Archives of General Psychiatry 1993 50: 681-9. 20.Carver CS. You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: Consider the brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1997 4: 92-100. 21.Minderhoud IM, Oldenburg B, Wismeijer JA, Van Berge Henegouwen GP, Smout AJ. IBS-like symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission relationships with quality of life and coping behavior. Dig Dis Sci 2004 49(3): 469-74. 22.Pinto C, Lele MV, Joglekar AS, Panwar VS, Dhavale HS. Stressful life-events, anxiety, depression and coping in patients of irritable bowel syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India 2000 48(6): 589-93. 23.Drossman DA, editor. Moderator. AGA Clinical Symposium - Rome III: New Criteria for the Functional GI Disorders: 2006 May. 20-25: Los Angeles, California: USA. 26.Van Heck GL, Vinger Hoets AJ, Van Hout GC. Coping and extreme response tendency in duodenal ulcer patient. Psychosomatic Medicine 1991 53(5): 566-75. 27.Piper DW, Tennant C. Stress and personality in patients with chronic peptic ulcer. Journal of Clinical Gastroentrol 1993 17(2):178. 28.Pinto C, Lele MV. Joglekar AS, Panwar VS, Dhavale HS. Stressful life – events, anxiety, depression and coping in patient of irritable bowel syndrome. Association Physicians India 2000 48(6) 589-93. 29.Solmaz M, Kavuk I, Sayar K. Psychological factors in irritable bowel syndrome. European Journal of Medical Researches 2003 8(2): 549-56. Peptic Ulcer Coping Skills 2008 7 01 95 104 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-651-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Adverse Effects of DPT Vaccine in Children below 7 Years of Age in Rural and Urban Areas of Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad Province In 1385 Z Parisaee parisay82@yahoo.com AR Esteghamati K Zandi Ghashghaei A Jabarnejad Introduction & Objective: Vaccination is an important and precious intervention which can protect individuals and community against vaccine preventable diseases with low cost. Although vaccines in use including DPT are very effective but there is no vaccine without adverse events. The DPT adverse events can be classified as vaccine reaction, injection reaction, coincidental events and program error. The aims of this study were to investigate the adverse events of DPT and providing measures for improvement of existing surveillance and reporting system. Materials & Methods: in this cross sectional study a total number of 2000 children who were vaccinated with DPT were followed for a 4 month periods from the beginning of June to the end of September for adverse events. Sampling was done by clustering methods in 20% of rural and urban health centers which were randomly selected. A structural questionnaire was completed for each subject along with interview and physical exam. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.5 Results: Systemic reactions including loss of appetite was seen in 4.9%, fatigue in 3%, pallor in 1.8%, crying for more than 3 hours in 1.6% and vomiting in 1.5% of vaccinated children. local reactions was seen in 56% of cases which were including: redness in the injection site (13.5%), swelling without redness (12.2%), swelling with redness (6.2%). Vaccine reaction (fever as the most) was noted in 45% of cases, program error in 7.6% of cases, injection reaction in 3% of children and coincidental in 1.2% of children. Conclusion: the most common adverse event following DPT vaccine was due to vaccine reaction. Injection site had the most quotas in presenting the vaccine reaction. We suggest changing of the DPT injection site from deltoid to upper outer part of thigh. Injection reaction can also be due to first experience of the young children in their first vaccination schedule Adverse Event Following Immunization DPT Vaccine Children Below 7 Years 2008 7 01 105 114 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-652-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Application of Spinal Anesthesia for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) S Mehrabi mehrabi390@yahoo.com K Karimzadeh Shirazi Introduction & Objective:: PCNL is the treatment of choice for renal calculi larger than 20-3o millimeter, staghorn stones and stones that are multiple or resistant to ESWL. The aim of this study was the evaluating of the impact of spinal anesthesia on intraoperative and postoperative outcome in patients undergoing PCNL. Material & Methods: The intraoperative and postoperative anesthetic and surgical variables were evaluated for hundred and twenty consecutive patients underwent PCNL. Anesthetic and surgical variables during and after operation in patient undergoing PCNL under spinal anesthesia were recorded and collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using chi square test. Results: Mean time of operation from the beginning of anesthesia to the end of operation was 98±45 minutes. Mean stone size was 3.1±1.8 cm. Mean time for return of sensory and motor activity were135±22.7 and 112±35.7 minutes respectively. Major intraoperative or postoperative complications such as visceral or vascular injury and unusual bleeding did not occur in any of patients. Five patients needed transfusion of 1 unit pack cell and four patients complain from mild to moderate headache and dizziness and also mild low back pain for 2-4 days after operation that improved with analgesics and bed rest. Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia is safe and effective and also comfortable for performing PCNL and is a good alternative for general anesthesia in adult patients. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy(PCNL) Spinal Anesthesia Complications 2008 7 01 115 122 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-653-en.pdf
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Armaghane Danesh armaghanj 1728-6506 1728-6514 10.61186/armaghanj 2008 13 2 Comparison between the Outcomes of External vs Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy in Shiraz Khalili Hospital SB Hashemi hashemib@yahoo.com R Saluti A Fahzadi Introduction & Objective: The nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a bothersome disorder that appears after acute or chronic inflammation, trauma, tumor, surgery or congenital disorders. The early treatment is irrigation or probing. If these methods were unsuccessful, dacryocystorhinostomy can be done .The purpose of this study was a comparison between the results of external vs endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy, which is done in shiraz university of medical sciences (Khalili hospital). Materials & Methods: In this prospective study 46 patients who suffered from primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction were operated by endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in Khalili hospital during 2001 to 2005. The results were compared with external dacryocystorhinostomy as control group and analyzed by SPSS using chi-square test. Results: After 10-31 months (average 20 mo) 40 patients (87%) cured completely and 60 patients (92.3%) among 65 patients of control group cured completely. There was no statistically significant difference between these two methods. Conclusion: Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy has more benefit in compare with external dacryocystorhinostomy because of less trauma, no skin incision and less complications after surgery. Comparison between the Outcomes of External vs Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy in Shiraz Khalili Hospital 2008 7 01 123 130 http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-654-en.pdf