Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Sodium Valproate on Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema in Male Rat
1
13
FA
mj
Khoshnood
m
Mokhtari
r
Sehhat
ABESTRACT:
Introduction & objective: Inflammation is a body defensive response to the endogenous and exogenous stimulators such as chemical, radiation, trauma and invasive microorganism, which result pain and tissue necrosis. There are many natural and synthetic drugs for treatment of inflammation and lot of them are under investigation. Sodium valporate is an antiepileptic drug used particularly in the treatment of primary generalized seizure notably absence, myocolonic seizure, acute manic phase of bipolar disorder and prophylaxis of migraine. The previous observations showed sodium valporate increases level of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) in the central and peripheral nervous system. In acute inflammation, GABA showed a significant attenuation of paw edema and nociception. The aim of this study was evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of sodium valporate.
Materials & Methods: In order to evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antiexudative of sodium valporate doses of 200,400 and 600 mg/kg were investigated on rat paw edema that induced by carrageenan. In addition, the plasma leakage in the inflamed tissue was evaluated by application of trypan blue as intravenous injection. Dexamethason was used as positive control.
Results: Results showed sodium valporate doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg decreased inflammatory and exudative effect as compared to control group.
Conclusion: Although the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of this drug were not evident but we can say sodium valporate in addition to already proved effects has anti-inflammatory effect.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
Purification of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 for Production of High Titer Polyclonal Antibody against the Virus
13
24
FA
Z
Meshkat
H
Soleimanjahi
MH
Roostaee
ABSTRACT:
Introduction & Objective: Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection is one of the most prevalent viral infections worldwide. Different methods are being investigated for the virus’ detection, prevention and therapy. The aim of the present study was to purify the virus and to produce a high titer polyclonal antibody against the virus.
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was done in the Virology Department of Tarbiat Modares University from 2001 to 2002. Virus purification was done using serial dilution and plaque purification protocols. A single plaque was chosen and propagated, and the virus titer was determined. In inoculated animals, the titer of produced antibody against the virus was measured by virus neutralization test.
Results: Using virus neutralization test, it was found that the high level of antibody has been raised in animals against the virus.
Conclusion: Considering the preparation of high titer antibody against the virus, the produced antibody can be used for the development and optimization of different diagnostic methods.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
Comparison of Sedation With Local Anesthesia and Regional Anesthesia in Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP)
25
34
FA
H
Aghamohammadi
S
Mehrabi
AA
Zadehpasha
M
Akbartabar Turi
ABSTRACT:
Introduction & Objective: Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) is usually performed under regional or general anesthesia. An alternative to conventional anesthesia is performing of TURP under local anesthetic infiltration with sedation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and complication of sedoanalgesia in TURP.
Material & Methods: In a prospective clinical trial from September 2006 to December 2007, 60 patients (30 in each group) with prostate hypertrophy, candidate for TURP, were randomly assigned into two groups. In the first group, standard spinal anesthesia was done. In the second group, five minutes before the operation, 25 mgs of diazepam plus 25-50 mgs of pethedine was intravenously administered followed by injection of 10 ml lidocaine 2% gel in the urethra and the skin in the suprapubic area was anesthetized with 2 ml of 1% lidocaine. Using a 22 gauge nephrostomy needle, the suprapubic skin was punctured and the needle was directed toward prostate apex and 10-20ml of 1% lidocaine was injected at the serosal aspect of the rectal wall. For dorsal nerve block, 5-10ml of 1% lidocaine was injected at penopubic junction, and then a standard TURP was performed. Patients were switched to another anesthetic technique if the selected technique failed. Severity of pain was assessed by visual analogue scale.
Results: The average prostate size was 25 grs (range10-50grs) in the local anesthetic group (group 1) and 27.5 grs (range 10-50 grs) in the spinal group (group2). In the local anesthetic group, 82.3% had no or mild pain while moderate to severe pain was reported in 16, 7% of the patients. In the group with spinal anesthesia, these were 93.1% and 6.9% respectively. Intolerable pain was observed in 23.3% and 13.8% of groups 1 and 2 respectively (p>0.05). Two patients in spinal group and 5 in local anesthetic group (3 due to severe pain and 2 for unsatisfaction) required conversion to general anesthesia or receiving additional drugs such as ketamine (p=0.06). Postoperatively, 2 patients experienced headach following spinal anesthesia otherwise there was no significant difference between two groups.
Conclusion: local anesthetic TURP with sedation is safe, effective and suitable for patients with prostate glands below 50 gr who require TURP.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
The Effects of Vitex agnus castus Total Extract on Spermatogenesis of Balb/C Mice
35
44
FA
M
Ramezani
S
Nasri
H
Bahadoran
ABSTRACT
Introduction & Objective: Vitex agnus castus (Verbenaceae) is a phytoestrogeic herb native to the Middle East and southern Europe. It has clinical usage in so many countries. In this research, the effects of Vitex agnus castus extract was investigated on spermatogenesis of male Balb/C mice.
Materials & Methods: This is an experimental study in which adult male mice were chosen and divided into 3 groups: control, vehicle, and experimental. Animals were daily injected (i.p.) with 65, 165 265, 365, and 465 mg/kg of seed extract for ten consecutive days. Then the animals were weighed and eventually killed by cervical dislocation 2 weeks after the last injection. The caudal part of the right epididymis was used for sperm counting. After macroscopic investigation (weight, diameter and volume of testes) tissues were fixed in Buin's fixative. Tissues were cut at 5 µm, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H; E).Ccollected data was analyzed by the SPSS software by using one-way ANOVA.
Results: No significant differences in body weight, volume, weight and diameter of testes was seen. Light microscopic studies showed a significant reduction in germinal epithelium in doses of 265 and 365 mg/kg and increased of interstitial tissue area in doses of 265, 365, and 465 mg/kg of extract. There was no significant difference in epithelium thickness and of the diameter of the epididymis. Germinal cells contained pyknotic nuclei and several holes that were found scattered in the tubules. Testis also showed a general disarrangement in various germinal elements of seminiferous tubules. Result of sperms count indicated a significant decreasing of spermatozoa in animals which received 265 and 365 mg/kg of extract.
Conclusion: Vitex agnus castus contains essential oils, iridoid glycosides, flavonoids diterpenes, and essential fatty acids. The results suggest that its contraceptive effects is related to its flavonoids and essential fatty acids but further studies is needed to focus on the pharmacokinetics of this plant.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
Cholesterol Assimilation with Isolated lactobacilli Strains of Fars’ Local Dairy Products
45
56
FA
A
Emami
R
Noeiaghdam
Z
Hashemi zadeh
ABSTRACT:
Introduction & Objective: Cholesterol is an important compound in most of the biological reactions which the excess of it can be seen as a harmful compound of causing heart diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cholesterol removal property and also its pathway by dairy lactobacillus in in vitro condition under different bile salts concentration.
Materials & Methods: After isolation of lactobacillus strains from dairy products, they were identified with chemical tests and their growths were evaluated under presence of cholesterol and bile salts. The method of action of the bacillus in cholesterol removal was assayed by spectrophotometer method. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: result of this study showed that any strains of the bacteria had the ability of cholesterol removal (7.82-34.69 µg/ml). L.casei had more competence for removal of cholesterol in compare to the rest of bacilli. The evaluation of cholesterol cell wall attachment revealed that most of removed cholesterols have been changed to the other products.
Conclusion: Considering the result of this study, it can be concluded that cholesterol removal has a direct association with growth of bacteria where the L. casei with high growth rate had more capability of cholesterol removal. Whereas the Lactobacillus can remove the cholesterol with different methods, results of this study showed that dairy products, especially yogurt, can remove the harmful substances such as cholesterol using non chemical methods. The results of this study could be expanded on human use if more study and research could be carried out.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
The Effect of Group Reminiscence Therapy on Depression of Elderly
57
64
FA
SH
Nemati Dehkordi
M
Nemati Dehkordi
A
نکویی
R
Fruzande
ABSTRACT
Introduction & objective: Global investigations show that the elderly population is increasing because of the health care developments. However, this group is continuously experiencing health problems for example, depression is one of their major problems. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of group reminiscence therapy on depression of elderly resident of Shahrekord, Iran.
Methods and Materials: This is a clinical trial study. The sample was consisted of 64 elderly referring to retirement centre in Shahrekord in 1385 that were selected by convenience sampling, and then divided randomly into two groups: an experimental and a control group. Group reminiscence meetings for experimental group and group meetings for control group were formed each 8 session for one hour and a half. Depression level of investigated subjects’ pre and post intervention were assessed with the use of Geriatric Depression Scale. Descriptive and conceptual statistics were used for data analysis (Chi-square Test, mean - standard deviation- Paired t-test).
Results: Findings of this study showed a significant difference between pre and post intervention, where the elderly depression mean score in experimental group changed from 17.95 to 12.99 (p=0.04) but no significant difference were observed in the control group.
Conclusion: Considering the result of this study, it can be suggested that group reminiscence therapy is effective on the reduction of elderly depression level. Therefore, we can use this forgotten, easy and practicable and cheap technique in all nursing-homes and even at home.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
Study of Position effect on Results of ABG of Hospitalized Patients in ICU of Open Heart Surgery Center of Mazandaran
65
71
FA
R
Sadeghi
M
Safari
M
Karimlou
M
Baghery nesami
Z
Esmaily douky
ABSTRACT
Introduction & Objective: Position of patients after open heart surgical operation in ICU in semi sitting and supine position has been propounded as a medical maneuver to improve oxygenation, to prevent hypoxia and its dangerous results since long times ago. No study has been conducted so far to compare the effect of two above mentioned positions on gas exchange rate and improving oxygenation and preventing hypoxia in Iran. Present study was conducted aiming to measuring the arterial blood gases and evaluating the effect of charging position and its duration on the results of arterial blood gases in patients who have been under open heart surgery operations.
Materials & Methods: Subjects of this study were 30 patients, aged 18-60 years, which were selected by easy sampling method in ICU of heart surgery center of Mazandaran. The effect of position and its duration from semi sitting position to supine in intervals of 15, 30, and 45 and 60 minutes on arterial blood gases rate (pa O2, pa CO2, sp O2) was measured using analyzer. Necessary information was obtained from each patient’s file and lab results. SPSS software, version 11.5, was used to analyze the data.
Results : The average of spO2 (oxygen saturation rate of arterial blood) before changing position (semi sitting) was 98.77±0.180 and after changing position (supine) in intervals 15, 30 and 45 minutes was 98.79 ± 0.163 and in 60 minute it reached 98.43 ± 0.440 but the differences was not significant. The average of pa CO2 (CO2 pressure of arterial blood) before changing position was 37.92 ± 0.765 and after changing position in intervals reached to 38.67 ± 1.03, 37.52 ± 1.03 and 37.95 ± 0.967 and in 60 minute reached to 37.50 ± 0.842 but the differences was not significant. The average of paO2 (oxygen pressure of arterial blood) before changing position reached 145.72 ± 6.11 and 30 minute after changing position reduced to 143.49 ± 5.78 and after 60 minutes it increased to 146.31±6.26 but the differences was not significant.
Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that changing the position and duration don’t significantly change the rate of paO2, paCO2, spO2 and arterial blood gases and therefore these patients should not placed in semi sitting position to improve better gaseous exchange. This position doesn’t cause positive effect on exchange of arterial blood gases and it is better that those patients placed in supine position to prevent bedsore, in vulnerable area, and sliding patient over bed.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
The Short-Term Effect of Chest Physiotherapy on Spirometric Indices in Chemical Warfare Victims Exposed to Mustard Gas
71
81
FA
A
Abedi
HR
Koohestani
Z
Roosta
ABCTRACT Introduction & Objective: Chronic respiratory diseases are the most prevalent late sequels of sulfur mustard gas injury among Iranian chemical warfare victims. Chest physiotherapy is one of the useful methods in care, cure and infection prevention of these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effect of chest physiotherapy on spirometric indices in chemical warfare victims exposed to sulfur mustard gas. Materials & Methods: In this study, 27 of the chemical warfare victims with respiratory diseases were selected. Chest physiotherapy including postural drainage percussion and vibration were used in four positions for all patients. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was obtained before (baseline), immediately and 20 minute after the chest physiotherapy. The SPSS software was used for the data analysis of the collected data. Results: Results of this study showed the significant effect (p<0.01) of chest physiotherapy upon forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) (baseline mean, 44.19 immediately after intervention mean 47.3 and 20 minute after intervention mean 48.3) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (baseline mean, 69.37 immediately after intervention mean, 73.67 20 minute after intervention 75.74). Chest physiotherapy had significant effect (p<0.01) in asthmatic bronchitis group and also had significant effect (p<0.05) in both severe and moderate groups. Conclusion: Chest physiotherapy was able to improve pulmonary function test indices in chemical warfare victims suffering from respiratory problems. The effect on asthmatic bronchitis group, as well as both severe and moderate groups, was significant.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pure Exotoxin A on Mice WBC in Comparison with Human WBC Contaminated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
72
80
FA
M
Naghmachi
A
Sharifi
J
Kohanteb
ABSTRACT
Introduction & Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative bacterial. This bacterium is resistant to many antibiotics and chemical disinfectants. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacteria and caused infection in skin, external ear, upper respiratory tract, large intestine and is an important bacteria in nosocomial infections. It causes acute infection in burn disease. This bacterium can produce exotoxin A and effect on elongation factor II and can stop protein synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exotoxin A on mice WBC and comparison of the results with human WBC that contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Materials & Methods: This is an experimental study which was conducted in 1384 on burn disease patients referred to Shiraz Ghotbodin hospital. Sample that contaminated with PA was taken from these patients for WBC count and WBC differentiation. Sample was also taken from 100 burn patients without infection (50 male and 50 female). Toxigenic strain of PA103 was cultured on liquid media and used for purification of exotoxin A. This sample was injected to 50 mice (I.V) and after different incubation time, WBC was counted. Ten normal mice was used as control. Collected data analyzed by SPSS.
Results: WBC count decreased in mice that received Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in comparison with normal mice (P<0.05). WBC count was significantly decreased in burn patients in comparison with normal individuals (P<0.029) and most decrease was belonged to PMN.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa that produce exotoxin induce WBC decrease in burn disease and also in mice that contaminated with exotoxin of this bacteria. It can be concluded that bacterial infection in burn patients is toxigenic strain of PA that produce exotoxin A.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
Comparison the Effect of Disinfection of Yasuj Sewage Effluent with UV/Paa/Naocl Combined Treatment : A Pilot Plant Study
91
100
FA
SA
Sadat
MM
Amin
A
Jamshidi
A
Hasani
ABSTRACT:
Introduction & objective: Disinfection of effluent swage treatment plant, is one of the the most important stage of treatment effluent that has been done with purpose of water sources protection or water reuse.Chlorine compounds are the most common disinfectants that have been ever used for this idea.Todays,with attention to the production of dangerous by-products,that can cause by using chlorine compounds in water, other disinfections such as H2o2,paa and uv ,o3 combinations of two or three of them has been stated for replacing items. This study designed to compare the disinfection efficiency of combinations of three common disinfectants mentioned above in pilot plant study.
Materials & Methods: This is an empirical study that was done on sewage effluent of Yasuj wastewater treatment plant in 1387. During sample operations, through 5 months, each 10 days, two sample sets with different concentrations of each disinfectant compound were experimented on determining total coliforms(TC), fecal coliforms(FC), fecal streptococci(FS) according to standard methods for waste water experiments. Reseived data was analysed by SPSS software and ANOVA, statistical test.
Results: This study indicates that combined methods Paa/Naocl/UV, Paa/UV, Naocl/UV, in order from left to right, has the most efficiency in decreasing total coliforms and Paa/Naocl/UV have the most efficiency and UV the least efficiency and Paa/UV, Naocl/UV have the same efficiency in decreasing fecal coliforms. all the combined disinifection methods that have been used in this research most times completely eliminate fecal streptococci from swage of Yasouj wastewater treatment plant.
Conclusion:The result indicate that combined uses of Paa, Naocl, with UV for disinfection sewage effluent make an intensive effect on disinfectant materials over each other and consequently increasing efficiency of this method in deactivation total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci .
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
The Fauna and Bioecology of Vectors of Leishmaniasis (Phlebotominae sandflies) in Nourabad Mamassani County, Fars Province
101
110
FA
K
Aziz
Y
Rassi
E
Javadian
MR
Yaghoobi-Ershadi
M
Jalali
M
Kalantari
ABSTRACT:
Introduction & Objective: The incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has recently increased in the Nourabad-Mamassani district of Fars province. This study was designed to detect fauna and bioecology of Phlebotomiae sand flies which are vectors of leishmaniasis worldwide.
Materials & Methods: The study was a descriptive – cross sectional which was carried out during 2004 to 2005. Sand flies were caught using CDC miniature light traps, sticky traps and aspirators. Microscopic dissection and a Leishmania species specific seminested-PCR technique using minicircle kinetoplast DNA primers were used to detect leptomonad infection.
Results: A total of 12688 sand flies were caught, of them, 7040 specimens (55.48%) were male and 5648 (44.52%) were female. The fauna was identified as 25 species (14 Phlebotomus and 11 Sergentomyia species). Six species consist of four Phlebotomus species (P. ansari, P. salehi, P. eleanorae and P. bergeroti) and two Sergentomyia species (S. squamipleuris and S. africana) were reported for the first time in the Fars province. Ph. papatasi and S. dentata were the dominant species in indoor (39.2%) and outdoor (21.1%) places, respectively. Monthly activity of sand flies begins in mid Ordibehesht, lasting to mid Aban with a peak in mid Mordad. Leishmania leptomonad infection was observed in two dissected specimens of each of Ph. alexandri and Ph. papatasi species. Anthropophilic indices of these two sand flies were 32.8 and 37.3% using ELISA technique.
Conclusion: Sand flies fauna is rich in this county because of high bioecological diversity. P. papatasi and P. alexandri are introduced as the vectors of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in this focus, respectively. Our findings will be used as the basis of leishmaniasis control strategies in this focus.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
Predicting Factors of Worker Behavior for Proper Working Posture Based on Planed Behavior Theory
111
122
FA
E
Mohammadi Zeydi
A
Heydarnia
SH
Niknami
ABSTRACT:
Introduction & Objective: Injuries resulting from ignoring proper working posture especially in employees who sitting at workplace for more than of working hours are costly, and create significant pain and discomfort. Decreasing of these injuries is most effectively accomplished through the application of ergonomic design principles. Sometimes, however, barriers (technical and economic) preclude ergonomic improvement and, consequently, some organizations rely on the use of proper sitting techniques and maintaining proper working posture as a major control strategy during workday. The problem, however, is that these process performing is inconsistent and managers have a difficult time motivating use of these techniques. The main aim of this study was to understand the factors driving proper working posture among employees.
Materials & Methods: This study used the theory of planned behavior to predict upright working posture maintenance among 222 of assembling, machinery and printing line’s employees at a Qazvin Alborz industrial town manufacturing organization. Structural equation modeling, explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis were employed to analyze relationships among constructs.
Results: Results revealed that attitude (p< 0.05, β= 0.53) and intention (p< 0.05, β= 0.46) were the strongest predictors of proper working posture maintenance behavior. Perceived behavior control, to a lesser degree, were also important influences on intention (p< 0.05, β= 0.34) and behavior (p< 0.05, β= 0.28). Subjective norms did not surface as effective direct predictors of upright working posture maintenance, but did affect behavior and intent via mediating factors (attitudes subjective norms and perceived behavioral control). Finally, the TPB was supported as an effective model explaining upright working posture maintenance, and had potential application for many other safety-related behaviors.
Conclusion: results of this study emphasis on considering factors such as attitude and perceived control behavior and create supportive managerial network for encouraging and training employees for maintaining proper working posture during workday.
Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences
Armaghane Danesh
1728-6506
13
3
2008
12
1
Study of Serum level of Chrome in Bladder Cancer Patients
124
130
FA
H
Mazdak
Mirkheshti
A
Movahedian
F
Yazdekhasti
E
Behzad
M
Shafian
N
Ebadati
ABSTRACT
Introduction & Objective: Chrome (Cr) is one of the carcinogen trace elements that its role in cancer induction is documented in many studies. In spite o this, there are limited studies about the relationship between chrome and bladder cancer. So we decided to study the serum concentration of Cr in patients with bladder cancer in comparison with healthy individuals.
Materials & method: During this case control study, 51 patients with bladder cancer and 58 normal subjects, after matching in age, sex and smoking habits with case group, were selected. Blood samples were collected from each cases. Serum level of Cr was measured in all samples by using the Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Finally data were analyzed, using student t test.
Results: Mean age of participants was 62.74 ± 14.63 years in control group and 58.2 ± 9.8 years in case group. Mean of serum Cr concentration was 128.82 ± 16.99 µg/L in bladder cancer patients and 121.93 ± 16.67 µg/L in control group. The difference in Cr level of serum was significant between two groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Results of this study indicated the high level of Cr in the serum of bladder cancer patients. Performing of some strategies in reduction of environmental contaminations, finding the contaminated sources and modifying them, can be useful, for reduction of serum level of Cr, especially in high risk groups.