@article{ author = {OmraniFard, V and KarbasiAmel, A and Amanat, S}, title = {Sodium Valproate as an Adjunctive to Risperidone in Treatment of Schizophrenia}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Although sodium valproate came to the market as an anticonvulsant drug, nowadays it is wildly used in the management of psychiatric disorders. It is used as a mood stabilizer and as an adjunctive agent in treatment of depression and psychosis. There are controversies regarding sodium valproate efficacy in psychosis. Although some studies have reported that it is effective in the management of positive symptoms and aggression in acute psychosis, others have not found such an association. This study aimed to investigate the effects of adjunctive sodium valproate in the pharmacological management of patients with schizophrenia. Materials & Methods: In a double blind clinical trial, in 2 mental health hospitals (Noor and Farabi) in Isfahan during the spring and summer of 2006, 32 schizophrenic patients (aged 18-65 years), who were in immediate need of admission, were randomly allocated into two groups. The first group was treated by combination of sodium valproate and risperidone and the other by combination of placebo and risperidone. A diagnosis of schizophrenia was established based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. All patients were assessed by PANSS on the 1st, 14th and 28th days of the admission. The collected data were analyzed by T Student and Paired T tests and repeated measure of ANOVA through SPSS. Results: Comparison of PANSS mean scores in two groups, before and after the trial, showed statistically significant differences. The reduction in PANSS score was significantly higher in the group treated with sodium valproate than in placebo group (p=0.006). Although, there was a statistically significant reduction in positive symptoms in both groups after 2 weeks of treatment (p=0.048), the difference was not significant in the fourth week. Conclusion: Our study shows that if used as an adjunct to antipsychotic in the management of acute psychosis, sodium valproate will speed up the recovery of positive sysmptoms.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Schizophrenia, Sodium Valproate, Risperidone }, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-695-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-695-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Ashraf, AR and Sabet, R and Azizi, S}, title = {The Effect of a Stretching- Strengthening Exercise Program on Decreasing Pain Index on Workers with Musculoskeletal Complaints}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of disability among people during working years which impose high expenses on the society in different aspects. this study was conducted to assess the effect of a stretching- strengthening exercise program on decreasing pain index on workers with musculoskeletal complaints. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on cleaning unit workers in one of the factories producing hygiene instruments in Shiraz in 2006. All the fifty four employees were considered in our study. First, all workers were evaluated by the physiatrist under complete musculoskeletal examination and pain intensity was assessed by VAS and BPI indices. After 3 months, to confirm the chronicity of symptoms, the second examination was done and then exercise program was recommended for 3 months. The collected results were analyzed by SPSS software and non-parametric Wilcoxon test. Results: The primary mean of the VAS index was 5.00±2.27cm while after 3 months it was raised to 5.32±2.76 cm and reduced to 1.98±2.07 after doing exercise program, which is a significant decline (p< 0.001). Mean of different indices of BPI showed significant decrease after completing exercise program (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Doing an exercise program based on type of work, and availability of facilities in work environment is effective in decreasing musculoskeletal complaints as a primary cause of disability among workers.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {9-17}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-697-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-697-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Foroutan, AR and ASghari, A and Afsar, N and Vadipour, A and Joushghani, M and Nilforoushan, N and Nikeghbali, AA and Mirsamadi, M}, title = {Evaluation of Correlation between Severity of Dry Eye Syndrome and Retinopathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Diabetes is one of the most common systemic diseases. Dry eye syndrome is one of the eye involvements in diabetic patient. Evaluation of correlation between dry eye syndrome and diabetic retinopathy in patients with insipidus diabetes was the aim of this study. Materials & Methods: In this study two hundreds eyes from 100 diabetic patients (non-insulin dependent) were selected and evaluated for dry eye syndrome. The patients then were divided into four groups: group 1: patients without diabetic retinopathy group 2: patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy group 3: patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy group 4: patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy undergone PRPAll. The patients were examined for Schirmer test, BUT, painting cornea with flourecein and then allocated in different group based on the severity of dry eye. Collected data were analyzed by X2 and Kendle-taue tests using SPSS software. Results: Prevalence of dry eye syndrome in patients in group 1 was 48% and in patients in group2, 3 and 4 was 52%, 60% and 80% respectively. Conclusion: Dry eye syndrome is a complication of diabetes mellitus and its severity correlates with severity of diabetic retinopathy.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Diabetic etinopathy, Dry eye syndrome, Dry eye score}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {19-28}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-698-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-698-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Mohamadkhani, KH and Aubed, M and Rouhbakhsh, N and Majidi, H and AlipourHeidari, M}, title = {The Comparison Study of Contralateral Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission (TEOAE) Suppression in Normal Hearing Subjects and Multiple Sclerosis Patients}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: A common auditory complaint of multiple sclerosis patients, is misunderstanding speech in the presence of background noise. Evidence from animal and human studies has suggested that the medial olivocochlear bundle may play an important role in hearing noise. The medial olivocochlear bundle function can be evaluated by the suppression effect of transient otoacoustic emission in response to contralateral acoustic stimulation. The present study was conducted to investigate the suppression effect of transient otoacoustic emission in multiple sclerosis patients. Materials & Methods: This analytical case-control study was conducted on 34 multiple sclerosis patients (24 female, 10 male), aged 20-50 years and 34 controls matched for age and gender in Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2006. All cases were selected in simple random manner. The suppression effect of transient otoacoustic emission was evaluated by comparing the transient otoacoustic emission levels with and without contralateral acoustic stimulation. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and independent T- test. Results:There was no significant difference in transient otoacoustic emission levels of two groups, but a significantly reduced suppression effect of transient otoacoustic emission was found in multiple sclerosis patients, in compare with the controls. Conclusion: Outer hair cells activity in multiple sclerosis patients was normal but these patients presented low activity of the medial olivocochlear bundle system which could affect their ability to hear in the presence of background noise.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Transient otoacoustic emission,Contralateral suppression, Medial olivocochlear bundle, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {29-37}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-699-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-699-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Roozbehi, A and Faghihi, A and AzizzadehDelshad, AR and Bahadori, MH and Shariati, T}, title = {Structural and Ultrastructural Study of Motor Neurons Following Sciatic Nerve Repair by Epineural Suture, Autograft and Nerve Guidance Channel in Adult Rat}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Much interest has been focused on the development of alternative instrument for bridging the nerve gaps. In the present study we used poled polyvinelidene fluoride (PVDF) tube filled with nerve growth factor (NGF) and collagen gel as a substitute for nerve autograft and compared the results with other current surgical techniques. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats each weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided in five groups nerve guidance channel, autograft, epineural suture, axotomy and sham operation. In nerve guidance channel groups, a 10 mm piece of left sciatic nerve was transected and this gap was repaired by PVDF tube containing NGF 7s (100 ng) and collagen gel (1.28 mg/ml). In autograft group, the 10 mm piece was 180° rotated and sutured to two nerve ends. In epineural suture group, left sciatic nerve in the middle thigh was transected then sutured end to end. In axotomy group, left sciatic nerve was transected in the middle thigh and was not repaired. After two months, left ventral L4-6 segments of spinal cord was removed and semi-thin and ultra-thin preparation for light and electron microscope were done. Contra-lateral side of spinal cord segments was used as control in all groups. Results: After two months we observed motor neuron atrophy and shrinkage, cytoplasmic vacouels and piknotic neurons in different surgical groups, but it was more intense in axotomy group. These changes were less in epineural suture group than in autograft and nerve guidance channel groups. In sham and control groups no changes were observed. In addition, increased nuclear condensation, nuclear membrane folding, central and marginal chromatin clumping in spinal motor neuron were observed in surgical groups mainly in axotomy group. Conclusion: According to the results, any type of injury to the sciatic nerve can cause cell changes and finally cell death in the spinal motor neurons. Using PVDF with NGF and collagen gel reduced cell changes at the level of autograft.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Axotomy, Epineural suture, Autograft, Nerve guidance channel (NGF), Nerve repair}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {39-49}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-700-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-700-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Abdali, KH and Shamsi, M and RiyazMontazer, N and Tabatabaee, HR}, title = {Comparison of Two Methods of Fixation with Carnoy`s Solution and 96% Ethyl Alcohol in Pap Smear Slides}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Cervical carcinoma is a significant health care problem world wide. The Papanicolaou test is the most common effective tool available for early detection of cervical cancer. Blood could have a negative influence on the quality of the pap smear. Good fixation reduces red blood cells of the back ground slides and can help to improve this technique. One of the effective solutions for hemolyzing red blood cells is using Carnoys solution. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of fixation with Carnoys solution and 96% ethyl alcohol in bloody pap smear slides. Material & Methods: This study was done on 450 bloody slides of pap smear prepared from cervical cells of 225 women who referred for annual screening of cervical cancer from 1384 -85 in Zeinabie and Faghihi hospitals in Shiraz. In each case, after observation of contact bleeding, two samples with conventional pap smear method were prepared. In the first method one of the samples was fixed in 96% ethyl alcohol for 5 minute and another sample was fixed with Carnoys solution for 20 minutes. Then the slides were stained with papanicolaou method and were evaluated by two pathologists. Collected data were analyzed with Fishers exact test, Pearson chi – square test and Independent sample T test. Results: Results of this study showed that presence of squamous cells and glandular cells in Carnoys fixed slides was more than alcohol – fixed slides. The reduction of red blood cells of the back ground of slides and increase of slide clearance in Carnoys fixed slides were more than alcohol fixed slides. The diagnosis of inflammatory cells and pathogen microorganisms in Carnoys fixed slides were more than alcohol fixed slides but diagnosis of epithelial cells and glandular cells abnormalities in two methods was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Carnoys stain can be effectively used for proper fixation of Pap smear slides.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Fixation, Carnoy`s, 96% Ethyl alcohol, Bloody Pap Smear}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {51-61}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-701-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-701-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Sayyedi, A and Asgarian, SH and KhalifehBorazjani, H and Kohanteb, J}, title = {Effect of Date Extract on Growth of Mutans Streptococci, the Most Important Factor of Dental Caries}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective:Dental caries is perhaps the most common bacterial infections in humans and Streptococcus Mutans is one of the most important factors in dental caries. Research has shown that some kind foods have an inhibitory effect on cariogenic factors of Mutans streptococci. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of date extract on growth of Streptococcus Mutans. Methods & Materials: This experimental study was down at faculty of medicine, Yasuj university of medical sciences with collaborative of microbiology department of Shiraz university of medical sciences in 2005. In an In-vitro study, effect of date extract on growth of Mutans Streptococci was surveyed .After collecting of Streptococcus Mutans from dental caries those were cultured in different medium of date fruit, extract of date fruit and syrup of date with different concentrations. Results: Following 24 hours, Streptococcus mutans was grown in less concentration of date mediums and its grown was inhibited in more concentrations. Conclusion: With respect of inhibitory effect of date extract on growth of Streptococcus mutans,it might be introduced that date as a source of food has a preventive effect on dental caries.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Dental caries, Date extract, Streptococcus mutans}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {63-71}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-702-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-702-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Mohamadi, A and GhafarianShirazi, HR}, title = {Comparison of Anxiety and Depression in Laundered and Unlaundered Nomads of Ashori Family of Ghashghaie Community}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Non laundered nomad populations in Iran experience more adverse living circumstances than laundered populations, but there is little research regarding the prevalence of mental health disorders of them. This study investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety in laundered versus unlaundered nomads. Materials & Methods: 95 people of unlaundered nomads and 86 people of laundered nomads from Ashori family of Ghasghaee were assessed using Hamilton anxiety rating scale and Beck depression rating scale. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using chi - square test. Results: The depression rate in unlaundered nomads included 33.7% normal, 29.5 % mild and 36.5 % moderate and severe, but in laundered nomads, 84.7% were normal, 8.2% were mild and 7.1% were moderate and severe. The difference is statistically significant. The anxiety rate in unlaundered nomads proved to be 43.2% normal, 38.9% mild and 17.9 % moderate and severe, but in laundered nomads 87.2% were normal, 7% were mild and 5.7% were moderate and severe. The difference is statistically significant too. Depression rate in married uneducated and female subjects were more than those in singles and males in both laundered and unlaundered nomad. Anxiety rate in married uneducated and male subjects were more than those in singles and females in both laundered and unlaundered nomad. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety rates in unlaundered nomads were more than those in laundered nomads and these rates are higher than the national rates. These rates were more in married, group aged over 30 and in those with low education.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Unlaundered, Nomads, Laundered, Anxiety,}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {73-80}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-703-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-703-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Karimi, M and Panahande, AR and Afrasiabi, AR}, title = {Factor V Leiden and Prothrombin Mutations in South of Iran}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Factor V Leiden and prothrombin mutation are not common but they are involved in pediatric thrombosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of factor V Leiden & prohtrombin mutation in healthy population of Shiraz, south of Iran. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study 195 healthy people (97 female and 98 male) were randomly selected. Peripheral white blood cells obtained from 5 ml blood contained 1-2 mg/ml K2- EDTA. Genomic DNA extraction was performed following the protocol described by Miller et al. PCR amplification was carried out in 25μl reaction volume containing 0.5 units Taq polymerase, 200μM dNTP, 500 μM of each of the previously described primers. After initial denaturation, 35 cycles at 95◦c for 30s, and 72◦c for 20s and followed extention by 72 for 10 min were performed. About 10μl of PDR product was digested with MNI I or Mbo restriction enzymes. Results: In this study we determined factor V Leiden in 8 (4.1%) and prothrombin mutation in 6 individual (3.07%) of 198 cases in heterozygous form. No homozygous was seen for any of the mutations. Only one case presented a double heterozygous for factor V and prothrombin in this cohort. Conclusion: Several studies of factor V leiden and prothrombin mutations in the East of Asia showed the higher frequency of these mutations in Iran.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Mutation, Factor V Leiden, Prothormbin }, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {81-88}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-704-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-704-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Khosravani, AM and Afshoon, E and Yazdanpanah, B}, title = {Seroepidemiological Study of Brucellosis in High Risk Groups in Boyerahmad 1384}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that may have a major public health and economic impact in most countries. The disease appears as a Malt fever in humans and abortion in animals. This study was designed to determine the serologic titer of Brucella in high risk and non high risk people in Boyerahmad. Materials & Methods: A retrospective seroepidemiological study was performed on samples collected from 604 high risk and non high risk people using Rose Bengol test, tube standard test as a rapid test and 2 mercaptoethanol (2ME) and comb's wright as a confirmatory test. The data collected were analyzed by X2 test via SPSS. Results: Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in high risk people appeared to be high in the Rose Bengal and tube standard test (TST) 6.62 at titer ≥1/40 whereas for non high risk it was 0%. Confirmation test in high risk people was shown with 2ME in four people. Conclusion: Brucellosis is a major cause of disease in high risk people which can be due to direct or indirect contact with diary products of the related animals.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Brucellosis,Seroepidemiology,High risk groups}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {89-96}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-705-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-705-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Sarkari, B and Zargar, MA and Mohammad, R and Asgarian, SH}, title = {Prevalence of Hepatitis B Antibodies in Health-Care Workers in Yasuj Hospitals}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Hepatitis B is a common infection in the world and one of the main health problems in our country. Over 350 million people are infected with Hepatitis B virus in the world and are chronic carriers of this infection. Health care workers are at risk of infection with blood born viruses including hepatitis B (HBV). This study was conducted to find out the rate of anti-HBs antibodies among the health-care workers (HCW) in Yasuj hospitals, Southwest of Iran. Materials & Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study in which 212 staff was randomly selected from different wards of the hospitals in Yasuj. Blood samples were taken from each individual and tested for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) by ELISA. Those who had anti-HBs titer > 10 IU/ml were considered as positive. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive data analysis and chi-square test. Results: 61.3% of the subjects were female and 38.7% were male. 93.9% of the subjects had a history of one to three doses of hepatitis B vaccination. Results of this study showed that 185 (87.3%) of the staff have anti hepatitis B antibodies (Anti-HBs). Among the staff that was negative for anti-HBs antibody, 12 had a history of hepatitis B vaccination (at least one dose). Female employees were more positive than males (93% vs. 78%) and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the titer of antibody and sex where females had a higher titer of antibody in comparison with males (p<0.05). No correlation was found between the workplace of HCW and positive anti-HBS. Conclusion: Result of this study indicates that more than 85 percent of the health-care workers in Yasuj have reasonable immunity against hepatitis B infection. A small proportion of HCWs had no immunity against HBV. The second course of hepatitis B vaccine should be delivered to those who had no immunity against hepatitis B despite their receiving the first course of vaccination.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Hepatitis B, Antibody, Health - Care Worker}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {97-106}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-706-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-706-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Hashemi, B and DastgheibHosseini, SH}, title = {Two Case Report of Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroglossal Duct Cyst}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Thyroglossal duct carcinoma is a rare midline neck carcinoma that is usually diagnosed postoperatively. Its incidence is about 1-1.5%. This article presents two cases of thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma and their diagnosis and the management methods are described. Case: Our patients were 24 and 16 year old ladies that referred to Khalili hospital with chief complaint of midline neck mass in 1379, 1377. Their para-clinical tests were negative for malignancy but papillary carcinoma was detected after surgery. They have only been followed up for few years without any thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy. Conclusion: There is high false negativity in fine needle aspiration and sonography for ruling out malignancy in thyroglossal cyst therefore, para clinical tests cannot rule out malignancy and excisional biopsy is the only definite way for ruling out thyroglossal cyst carcinoma. On the other hand, severe controversy exists in managing of thyroglossal cyst carcinoma. While some surgeons are interested in total thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation, it is not necessary to do thyroidectomy if the thyroid gland, lymph nodes and excised mass margins are free of malignancy because excellent prognosis of thyroglossal cyst carcinoma and probable thyroid involvement can be found by close follow up.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Thyroglossal cyst carcinoma,Papillary carcinoma, Sistrunk surgery }, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {107-113}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-707-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-707-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Alikhani, A and Habib, V and Azizi, A and Masoomi, Z}, title = {A Case Report of Inflammatory Pseudo Tumor Retroperitoneal}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Inflammatory pseudo tumor is a lesion of unknown etiology which has been reported in numerous anatomic sites. It frequently simulates a true neoplasm both clinically and morphologically presenting a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Inflammatory pseudo tumor appears as the most infrequent lesion in retro peritoneum. Case: The patient was a 36-year-old female who came with colicky abdominal pain 8 months before admission. Constipation, decreased appetite and history of fever were other complaints. On P/E the patient had abdominal tenderness without palpable mass or organomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Blood samples were within normal values. Sonographic imaging showed 6×6 cm sized retroperitoneal mass without para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Abdominal CT scan also showed a retroperitoneal mass that laparatomy performed for biopsy and mass completely excised and was sent for pathology. Pathological report was compatible with inflammatory pseudo-tumor. Because of this diagnosis we followed up for 6 month but did not find any recurrence. Conclusion: A retroperitoneal mass could be a benign lesion in which all the complaints can be cured after resection of the mass by surgery.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Retroperitoneal mass, Inflammatory pseudo tumor, Neoplasm}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {115-119}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-708-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-708-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Afrasiabi, A and Ansarin, KH and HassanzadehSalmasi, S}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Incentive Spirometry on Pulmonary Volumes and Arterial Blood Gases after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery}, abstract ={ABSTRACT : Introduction & Objective: Following thoracic and abdominal surgery, all patients experience a decrease in pulmonary volumes and atelectasis. Different methods such as lung physiotherapy, intermittent positive pressure breathing, positive expiratory pressure and incentive spirometry are suggested for improvement of pulmonary volumes and blood gas parameters in these patients. Due to cheap, simple and easy use of incentive spirometry, we aimed at evaluating the effects of it on pulmonary volumes and blood gases parameters (ABG) in coronary artery bypass patients. Materials & Methods: This is a randomized, clinical trial study. From February 2004 to February 2005, 150 consecutive male patients who were hospitalized for coronary artery bypass surgery in Madani heart hospital were divided into two groups at random. On the first day of operation, group I used incentive spirometry and group II was routinely followed up. Data were collected through a questionnaire including age, left ventricular function (LVEF), smoking and number of grafts. Blood gases parameters and spirometry volumes were measured in 3 phases before, in the morning of the first day of operation and after using incentive spirometry. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using paired or unpaired student’s t-test. Results: There were no significant differences between two groups as to the mean age, LVEF, number of grafts and duration of mechanical ventilation in ICU. Comparison of ABGs before anesthesia and on the first day of surgery showed a significant decrease in systemic O2 saturation and arterial Po2 in all cases (p<0.001), but no significant differences were found between the second and third phases in both groups. Spirometry parameters showed a decrease of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) after surgery in all patients (p<0.0001), but by using incentive spirometery, no significant changes in spirometeric pulmonary volumes occurred. Conclusion: Using incentive spirometery on the first day of operation has no significant impact on pulmonary volumes and blood gases parameters.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Incentive Spirometry,Coronary Artery Bypass,Arterial Blood Gases,}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-710-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-710-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Rad, F and Yaghmaie, R}, title = {Comparison of Therapeutic and Cosmetic Results of Curettage, Surgical Excision and Combined Curettage and Cauterization in Lesions of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Skin cancers are the most common malignancies of the mankind. Basal call carcinoma (BCC) constitutes the most prevalent skin cancer in human beings. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic and cosmetic results of three methods of treatment of BCC i.e. curettage, surgical excision and combined curettage and cauterization. Materials & Methods: This is an interventional study, through which 79 lesions of BCC on the faces and scalps of 64 patients in Besat hospital of Sanandaj city in 2001-2003 were treated by curettage, surgical excision and combined curettage and cauterization. Collected data were recorded in frequency tables. Results: 69 (87.3%) of tumors were papulonodular type, 61 of them had an ulcer on their surface. 26 tumors were treated by surgery which had a cure rate of 91.7%. 45 (57%) tumors were of solid type. During the follow–up period, an overall recurrence rate of 11.4% (9 tumors) was noticed. Two of the tumors that were treated by surgery, 5 of the tumors treated by curettage, and 2 of those which were treated by combined curettage and cauterization recurred. The cosmetic result in the patients who had been treated by curettage was quite promising, only a small scar or a slight hyper pigmentation was left at the site of the lesions. Conclusion: Curettage is more suitable for the treatment of small lesions of B.C, but it is not recommended for the treatment of the tumors having aggressive behavior or rapid growth. The cosmetic result in the patients treated by combined curettage and cauterization of the lesions was also excellent and in most cases scar was minimal or absent. Combined curettage and cauterization is a cheap and suitable method for the treatment of BCC and it can easily be accomplished.}, Keywords = {Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Curettage, Surgical excision,}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-712-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-712-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Amanat, S and Afshar, H}, title = {Efficacy of Lamotrigin in Treatment of Avoidance / Numbing in Post-traumatic Stress Disorders}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic illness which is difficult to treat yet, it is a common disorder which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The hypothesis that exposure to traumatic events may sensitize or kindle limbic nuclei has led to efforts to treat PTSD with anticonvulsants based on the kindling hypothesis. This double–blind clinical trial assesses clinical response to lamotrigine as a potential treatment. Materials & Methods: Thirty patients with PTSD were randomly assigned in a double – blind design. They were treated for 3 months with lamotrigine (N=15, 150-500 mg/day) as odd-on or placebo (N=15). The patients were measured in the first visit and at the end of 3 months by clinician administration. PTSD scales (CAPS) paired t-test, and Friedman and Will Coxon were used for data analysis. Results: The mean score of frequency of PTSD criteria in Lamotrigine group in the first visit was 10.1±2.2 and in placebo group was 12.75 ±2.24. The mean score of these criteria in lamotrigin group after treatment period was 9±2.5 and for placebo group was 12.45±2.7. The analysis of these sores showed a significant difference in Lamotrigine group and a non significant difference in placebo group. The mean score of Intensity of PTSD criteria in Lamotrigine group in first visit was 9.4±1.2 and in placebo group was 9.1±1.9. The mean score of these criteria in Lamotrigine group after treatment group was 8.4±2 and for placebo group was 9.1±2. The analysis of these scores showed a significant difference in lamotrigine group and a non-significant difference in placebo group. In placebo group, the analysis of mean sores of all intensity and frequency of criteria before and after taking placebo showed a non-significant difference. In Lamotrigine group, the analysis of mean scores of intensity and frequency of criteria such as avoidance of thoughts or feelings, avoidances of activities, place, people, inability to recall important aspect of trauma and diminished interest in activities before and after taking lamotrigine showed a significant difference and in other criteria showed a non-significant difference. Comparison of mean of decline in CAPS scores before and after treatment in placebo and lamotrigine group showed a significant difference in the four symptoms in lamotrigine group. Conclusion: Results of the study suggest that lamotrigine is a safe, well tolerated and significant effective treatment for avoidance numbing of PTSD.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Lamotrigine , Avoidance / Numbness }, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {11-20}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-711-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-711-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Gandomi, B and Kaboodkhani, R and Hashemi, B and Chohedri, AH}, title = {The Effect of Dexamethasone on Decreasing Nausea and Vomiting Following Tympanomastoid Surgery}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Nausea and vomiting are common after general anesthesia. Nausea and vomiting are also common after tympanomastoid surgery that may endanger the results of middle ear reconstruction. Medications like dexamethasone have been used to prevent nausea and vomiting. In this study, the effect of dexamethasone on decreasing nausea and vomiting following tympanomastoid surgery has been evaluated. Materials & Methods: This study is a case control, double blinded, clinical trial that was performed in Dastgheib Hospital affiliated to the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during 1381-1383. Eighty patients candidate for tympanomastoid surgery who were in physical status I (according to the classification of the American Anesthesiology Association) were selected randomly. These patients were divided into two control and study groups (each group consisting of 40 patients). Just before induction of anesthesia, 2 ml normal saline was given intravenously to the patients in control group and 2 ml dexamethasone (8 mg) was given to the patients in the study group. The data were collected by a special form, and SPSS software and Chi Square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between the study and control groups regarding the mean of age, male to female ratio, and length of anesthesia. Use of dexamethasone resulted in 32.5% decrease in post operative nausea (p=0.002) and 22.5% decrease in vomiting (p=0.04). Conclusion: It seems that 8 mg intravenous dexamethasone is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting following tympanomastoid surgery and can be used routinely during tympanomastoid surgery.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Dexamethasone, Tympanomastoid,}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {21-28}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-713-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-713-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Nabavizade, SH and Yazdanpanah, SH}, title = {Assessment of Effect of Mirror Room in Management of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Jundice is the most common problem that can occur in the newborn. Although most jaundiced infants are otherwise perfectly healthy, jundice makes us anxious because bilirubin is potentially toxic to the central nervous system. Phototherapy is a highly effective method for prevention of exchange transfusion. The evaluation of the effect of mirror room on the decrease of hyperbilirubinemia is the purpose of this study. Materials & Metods: In this clinical trial 60 term infants with the weight of more than 2500gr and the age of 72 hours who were admitted in Emam Sajad hospital (1384) for phototherapy were randiomized into two equal groups of phototherapy. The first group undertook the traditional method of phototherapy and the second group was placed in mirror room (creative method). Then the results of the 2 groups, including bilirubin on admission, after 12, 24 and 48 hours after admission, and duration of admission were analyzed using the statistical test of chi-square. Results: In term infants the first 24 hour decline rate of bilirubin for traditional and mirror incubator phototherapy was 2.1± 1.1 and 3.6± 2.2 respectively (p< 0.01). The decline rate during the second day was 2.6± 1.3 in group one versus 3.8±2.4 in the second group (p<0.01). Duration of admission in the first group was 62.3±25 hours compared to 40.5± 28.6 hours in the second group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The creative method mirror incubator had a better effect compared with traditional methods. It is comparable with double phototherapy and fibrobtic blanket methos. It could be an alternative model for double phototherapy as it produces reasonable cost effectiveness and is easy to apply.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Neonates,Mirror Room }, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {29-36}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-714-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-714-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Yousofi, H and Hashemzadeh, M and Kohansal, K and Zabardast, N and Shirzad, H and Shahabi, G}, title = {A Survey about Protective Effect of Echinococcus Granulosus Protoscolices Surface Antigens in Preventing Secondary Hydatid Cyst}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Hydatid cyst is located in human and some animal visceral organs such as liver and lung. The disease is considered as a medical, veterinary and economical problem in endemic area. When the hydatid cyst is ruptured, protoscolices from inside the cyst may spread out to other parts of the body and develops a new cyst named secondary hydatid cyst. In this research in an attempt to prevent secondary hydatid cyst, protective potential of protoscolices surface antigens extracted with different detergents has been investigated in animal model. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, groups of Balb/c mice were immunized intra-peritoneally with protoscolices homogenate and three detergent (SDS, Tween and Triton x–100) extracted protoscolices surface antigens and alum as adjuvant. These mice were then boosted two times with the same antigens fortnightly. Control mice were simultaneously injected with alum alone. Two weeks following the last injection all the mice in cases and control groups were challenged with live protoscolices. Three months afterward all the mice in case and control groups were sacrificed and their peritoneal cavities were explored for hydatid cysts. Results: The mean of developed cyst number in mice injected with protoscolices homogenate was 3±2, while in control group the mean of developed cysts number was 5.8 ± 1.7 (p< 0.02). The mean of developed cyst number in mice injected with SDS, Tween and Triton x–100 extracted protoscolices surface antigens was 3, 3.6 and 3.4, respectively, while the mean of developed cyst number in control group was 5.8. Conclusion: The mean of cyst number in cases and control groups was different and this difference was statistically significant. Results of this investigation revealed that protoscolices homogenate antigens and some detergent extracted antigens are protective against secondary hydatid cyst infection}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Secondary hydatid cyst,}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {37-44}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-715-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-715-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Moattari, M and Shafakhah, M and Lahsaee, M and Abbasi, H and Rajaeefard, AR}, title = {Comparison of Post Extubation Complications in 3 Different States of Filling Endotracheal Tube Cuff with Lidocaine 4% in Elective Surgery Patients}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Endotracheal intubation during general anesthesia is necessary to control the ventilation of patients during surgery. Nevertheless, the endotracheal tube as an external object can stimulate the patient’s airway during the emergence from general anesthesia and create different reactions and complications. To prevent these reactions, a wide variety of interventions have been examined. In this study, post-extubation endotracheal tube complications are investigated in 3 different states of lidocaine 4% for filling endotracheal tube cuffs. Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental clinical trial study executed in one of Shiraz hospitals during 2005-2006, 200 candidates of elective surgery being in class1 and 2 ASA were randomly divided into 4 groups (N=50). The endotracheal tube cuffs of each group members were filled with (5-10ml) distilled water, lidocaine 4%, alkalized lidocaine 4% and warmed alkalized lidocaine 4%, respectively. The patients were observed for complications such as cough (for 6 hrs), sore throat, hoarseness (for 24 hrs) and laryngospasm (immediately) after extubation. The data were analyzed by chi square and logistic regression using SPSS. Results: The findings revealed that the frequency of cough, sore throat and hoarseness was more in the control (distilled water) group as compared to the 2 groups of the study (alkalized lidocaine 4% and warmed alkalized lidocaine 4%). Distilled water and lidocaine 4% groups differed significantly in only the frequency of sore throat. The odds ratio of cough, sore throat and hoarseness was just significant for the distilled water group in comparison to warmed alkalized lidocaine 4 %. Furthermore the odds ratio of the above-mentioned complications was significant for the distilled water and lidocaine 4% groups in comparison to the warmed alkalized lidocaine 4% group. Among all the considered variables, the duration of tube existence in trachea was significantly effective in the frequency of complications. Conclusion: Filling endotracheal tube cuffs with alkalized lidocaine 4% and warmed alkalized lidocaine 4% decreases the frequency of the post-extubation complications (cough, sore throat and hoarseness). The odds ratio for the observed complications is less in the warmed alkalized lidocaine 4% group as compared to other groups.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Endotraceal intubation,Cuff, Post-extubation complications, lidocaine}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {45-58}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-716-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-716-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Javaherforoosh, F and Pipelzadeh, M and Bagherybarma, F}, title = {Comparison of Clonidin, Pethedin and Fentanyl for Post-spinal Anesthesia Shivering in Elective Caesarian Sections}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Post operative shivering is a prevalent complication of general and spinal anesthesia. Many drugs were used for prevention and treatment of shivering. The objective of this study was the comparison of clonidin, pethedin and fentanyl for treatment of post spinal anesthesia shivering. Materials & Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, we compared the effects of 3 drug regimens to treat post operative shivering after spinal anesthesia in 60 elective caesarian sections with ASA class 1. Patients were divided into 3 groups (20 patients for each group). Each group received intravenously either pethedin 25 mg, clonidine 30 μg or fentanyl 50 μg. If a patient did not respond to the first dose, the same dose would be repeated up to a total of 3 times (with 5 minute intervals). Homodynamic changes, treatment responses and side effects were recorded. Then the resulting data were analyzed by SPSS software and chi-square test. Results: Considering control of shivering after first injection with pethedin 70%, clonidin 50% and fentanyl 30% with (p=0.04) major side effects in pethedin group were tachycardia 10%, nausea & vomiting 15%. In clonidine group the main side effects were dry mouth & drowsiness (16.7% & 3.3%) respectively. Fentanyl group had only 3.3% nausea vomiting accounting for the fewest number of side effects (p< 0.05). Homodynamic was stable in fentanyl & clonidine groups. Conclusion: We concluded that, clonidine offers better thermodynamics along with modest failure rate but pethedin was most effective with more serious side effects.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Shivering,Pethedin,Clonidine,Fentanyl,Spinal Anastasia}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {59-67}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-717-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-717-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Rabani, SMR and Moosavizadeh, A}, title = {A Study on Causes of Azoospermia in Urology Clinic of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Azoospermia means no sperm in semen. It may be due to hormonal imbalance, any disorder in production of sperm, or might be due to obstruction in sperm pathway from testis till ejaculatory ducts. This study was performed to determine the causes of azoospermia in infertile male, referred to Yasuj clinic of urology. Material & Methods: This study was done during more than 2 years beginning from May 2004. Patients with at least two consecutive azoospermic semen analyses were included in this study after a complete history taking, physical examination, hormonal study (FSH, LH, prolactine, testosterone), vasography, testis biopsy and genetic evaluation. Results: Among 842 infertile men,172 patients (20.4%) were azoospermic. 28 patients (16.3%) with obstructive azoospermia and 144 patients (83.7%) with non obstructive azoospermia were detected. Common causes of non obstructive azoospermia were as follow: idiopathic 68 patients (39.53%), atrophied testes 40 patients (23.25%) , sertoli cell only 34 (19.76%) patient, undescended testes 28 (16.27%) patients and post chemotherapy in 2 (1.16%) patients. Causes of obstructive azoospermia were obstruction of epididymis or vasa deferens in 24 patients (86%) and congenital bilateral agenesis of vasa deferens in 4 patients (14%). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that about 20% of infertile men are azoospermic and the most common type of azoospermia is non obstructive type.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Obstructive Azoospermia,Non Obstructive Azosspermia,Male infertilty}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {81-87}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-719-en.doc}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Zadehbagheri, GH and Poordanesh, F and Sayyedi, A and Barati, M}, title = {Stress in Senior Managers of Kohgilouyeh and Boyrahmad Province}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Stress is a collection of reactions against incompatible and unexpected internal and external factors. Since the manager of any organization is exposed to stress more than other personnel. The present study was performed to determine the rate of stress in senior managers and their assistants in Kohgilouyeh and Boyrahmad province. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, all the 134 senior managers and their assistants were recruited through a stress questionnaire. The questionnaire included six physical, individual, cultural, occupational, familial domains, and physical conditions of job environment. Results: It was revealed that the avarage rate of stress was 54.88, and 34.3% of the subjects appeared to experience high stress. Occupational stress (58.73) appeared to be the most stressful domain and physical stress (41.43) was the least stressful one, respectively. Violation from regulations, success of the opportunists, and showing discrimination toward the referrals turned out to be the most stressful options. Conclusion: Since in this study the occupational dimension had created the highest degree of stress in the managers, it appears that the greatest and most effective step in decreasing the managers’ stress is perhaps accurate supervision, appropriate encouragement and finally due punishment proportionate the managers' performance.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Stress, Senior managers,Occupation, Socio-cultural, Executive organization}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {89-98}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-720-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-720-en.doc}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Goshtasbi, A and Vahdaninia, M and Rezaee, N}, title = {Knowledge of Married Women in Kohgilouyeh & Boyerahmad Urban Areas on AIDS and Sexualy Transmitted Infections}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Sexualy transmitted infections (STIs) and AIDS are the most common diseases worldwide. Women are more affected by STIs and AIDS due to gender-related factors such as biological, cultural and so on. This study was conducted to investigate knowledge about AIDS and STIs among married women in Kohgilouyeh & BoyerAhmad Province/Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban areas of Kohgilouyeh and Boyerahmad province. Using stratifed cluster sampling, a valid questionnaire covering demographic variables and items related to knowledge about AIDS and STIs was administered to 1379 women covered by the urban PHC clinics. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 33.3 (SD=±9.3). Most were household (%85) and the mean level of their formal education was 7.2 years (SD=±4.8). The results also showed that women had the most knowledge with the statements that "using condom protects against AIDS" (%63.9) and "asymptomatic persons would be as AIDS vectors" (%65.1). There was a significant relation between education and recognizing AIDS as a sexualy transmitted infection (p=0.004). Albeit, women were poorly familiar with the STIs, the most knowledge was found with gonorrhea (%40.5) and the least with chlamydia (%12.2). The most knowledge was observed with the statements that "STIs would induce PID in women" and "using condom protects against all the venereal diseases" (both %61.1). A significant corelation was found between education and job and fimiliarity with STIs (p<0.001). Conclusion: Findings showed limited knowledge on sexualy transmitted infections and fairely good knowledge on AIDS. There is need for the promotion of women's knowledge in sexual health field.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: AIDS, Sexualy transmitted infections, Knowledge, Women,Urban areas }, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {100-107}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-722-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-722-en.doc}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Esfandiari, E and Sadeghi, H}, title = {A Case Report of Cholecystocolonic Fistula in a Cadaveric Setting}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: About 12% of complications of cholecystitis are reported to be the fistula between the gall bladder and the gastrointestinal tract. In this article, a case of inflammatory adhesion between the gall bladder and the transverse colon is reported. Due to the importance of this phenomenon, the literature has been reviewed in order to highlight anatomical relation between these two viscera. Case: A case of inflammatory adhesion between the gall bladder and the adjacent part of transverse colon was observed during routine dissection of abdominal cavity of a male middle age cadaver. The adhesional fold contained multiple fistulae between the fundus of gall bladder and the adjacent part of transverse colon. Through the round openings of these fistulae, the green bile material appeared to have been passed from the gall bladder to the colon. Conclusion: In cases of untreated chronic cholecystitis, this kind of inflammatory adhesion between the gall bladder and the adjacent part of transverse colon and subsequent fistulae used to be a usual complication. Because of low level of hygiene and medical services, the frequency of these complications, was not uncommon in the past, but their occurrence has decreased in recent decades. Meanwhile, due to the possibility of occurrence, the emphasis on anatomical relation of these two viscera, and drafting an integrated discussion of anatomy, developmental and clinical aspects of heptorenal pouch is mandatory in the educational areas.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Cholecysto – Colonic fistula, Adhesion, Cadaver}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {109-115}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-724-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-724-en.doc}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Khorshidi, HR and Sattari, M}, title = {A Case Report of Stercoraceous Perforation of the Cecum due to Scybalum}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Non-traumatic colon perforations are usually caused by malignancy, diverticulum and colitis. Stercoraceous perforation of the colon has rarely been reported in the literature. This lesion is assumed to be produced by the pressure from a hard scybalum resulting in a perforated ulcer with necrotic edges. We report a case of stercoraceous perforation of the cecum due to scybalum. Case: We report a 50-year-old man who had a severe abdominal pain from 3 days ago and had peritonitis in physical exam. He was admitted in Mars, 2005 at Mobasher Kashani Hospital in Hamadan and he was parapelegic from 8 months ago due to trauma in his medical history and then he had severe and chronic constipation that necessitated the use of cathartic drugs. We operated him with diagnosis of peritonitis, and perforation of cecum due to scybalum was seen and right hemicolectomy and colostomy and ileostomy was done. Conclusion: The most common site of colon perforation due to scybalum is rectosigmoid area and cecal perforation is a rare area in the literature. It is presented with peritonitis in old patients that have chronic constipation. It is difficult to diagnose this lesion preoperatively. This lesion was only 11% correctly diagnosed before operation and should be always suspected when a patient with chronic constipation suffers from sudden abdominal pain. Resection and colostomy is the treatment of choice in most situations.}, Keywords = {Keywords :Colon Perforation, Scybalum , Stercoral Perforation}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {117-123}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-726-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-726-en.doc}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Rad, F and Yaghmaie, R}, title = {Comparison of Therapeutic and Cosmetic Results of Curettage, Surgical Excision and Combined Curettage and Cauterization in Lesions of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Skin cancers are the most common malignancies of the mankind. Basal call carcinoma (BCC) constitutes the most prevalent skin cancer in human beings. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic and cosmetic results of three methods of treatment of BCC i.e. curettage, surgical excision and combined curettage and cauterization. Materials & Methods: This is an interventional study, through which 79 lesions of BCC on the faces and scalps of 64 patients in Besat hospital of Sanandaj city in 2001-2003 were treated by curettage, surgical excision and combined curettage and cauterization. Collected data were recorded in frequency tables. Results: 69 (87.3%) of tumors were papulonodular type, 61 of them had an ulcer on their surface. 26 tumors were treated by surgery which had a cure rate of 91.7%. 45 (57%) tumors were of solid type. During the follow–up period, an overall recurrence rate of 11.4% (9 tumors) was noticed. Two of the tumors that were treated by surgery, 5 of the tumors treated by curettage, and 2 of those which were treated by combined curettage and cauterization recurred. The cosmetic result in the patients who had been treated by curettage was quite promising, only a small scar or a slight hyper pigmentation was left at the site of the lesions. Conclusion: Curettage is more suitable for the treatment of small lesions of B.C, but it is not recommended for the treatment of the tumors having aggressive behavior or rapid growth. The cosmetic result in the patients treated by combined curettage and cauterization of the lesions was also excellent and in most cases scar was minimal or absent. Combined curettage and cauterization is a cheap and suitable method for the treatment of BCC and it can easily be accomplished.}, Keywords = {Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Curettage, Surgical excision,}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-721-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-721-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Erfani, MA and Namazi, H and Vesal, MT}, title = {Efficacy of Calcitonin on Bone Healing in Guinea Pigs}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Theoretically, it seems that calcitonin can accelerate the healing process, mainly by decreasing bone resorption, but in the literature, there are lots of controversies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of calcitonin on bone healing. Materials & Methods: This experimental double blind study was performed on laboratory animals in 1383 at Shiraz University of medical sciences, Department of orthopaedic surgery. Thirty guinea pigs were divided into three groups of ten. Then, they were operated and drilled in proximal part of both tibias. In group A, after operation, calcitonin (30 IU/kg) was injected intraperitonealy (IP) for 7 days. In group B, the injections were subcutaneous for the same time and dose. Group C was selected as control group. Half of the guinea pigs in each group were sacrificed after 2 weeks (A2, B2, C2) and the others after 4 weeks (A4, B4, C4). Multiple sagittal sections were performed on the tibia. In all groups, the formation of periosteum, cortical and trabecular bones were measured. Collected data were analyzed using Kruskall- Wallis test. Results: In A2 and B2 group, the difference of periosteal formation was significant as compared with the control group (p= 0.009). The difference of periosteal formation was even more significant in A2 (IP injection) than in B2 (subcutaneous injection) group. The difference of cortical and trabecular bone formation in groups A2 B2 were not significant in comparison with the control group during the second and fourth weeks. Conclusion: High dose of systemic calcitonin is effective for the rapid formation of periosteum in the early stage of bone healing.}, Keywords = {Calcitonin,Bone healing, Periosteum}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {11-17}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-723-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-723-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Javaherforoosh, F and Pipelzadeh, M and Salary, A and Zabihi, A}, title = {Comparison of Preanesthetic Sedation after Intranasal Administration of Fentanyle, Ketamin and Midazolam}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Induction of anesthesia in children can be a challenge for anesthetist. A stormy induction may increase the personality & behavioral changes. Therefore, it is desirable that they enter the operating room sedated. Many drugs are used for preanesthetic medication and there are many routes for administration. One route of administration is nasal mucous. In this study we compared the effect and side effect of three drugs (midazolam, ketamin and fentanyle) after intra nasal administration. Materials & Methods: This is a double blind clinical trial. In this study we selected 60 patients (20 patients for every group A, B or C.) We used 3 mg/kg ketamin or 3µg/kg fentanyle or 0.3 mg/kg midazolam by intranasal spray. After administration and in 5, 10 and 15 minutes, we observed the SPO2, PR and RR. After 15 min’s we separated children from parents and brought them to the operating room and controlled the acceptance of separation, depth of sedation with Ramsay score, acceptance of mask and tolerance of IV canulation. The data were then analyzed using K2 and kruskal-wallis test. Results: In our study we found that in SPO2 fentanyle had the highest rate of reduction even though none of the children had SPO2 lower than 90%. There were no differences between drugs in RR. In fentanyle group, we had the lowest rate and in ketamin group the highest rate. Midazolam had the medium rate. The rate of sedation for acceptance of separation from parents had no difference between the groups and all drugs with this dosage were effective for this aim. However, in Ramsay score, acceptance of mask and tolerance of IV canulation, the midazolam was more effective than the others. Conclusion: Intranasal administration of midazolam is a safe route for sedation in children in the pre-anesthetic time.}, Keywords = {Sedation, Premedication, Children, Intranasal spray, Midazolam, Ketamin, Fentanyle}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-27}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-725-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-725-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Barmaki, B and Shidmoosavi, SM and Geramizadeh, B}, title = {Effect of an Endothelin A Receptor Antagonist on Tissue Damages in Ischemia/ Reperfusion Induced Acute Renal Failure in Anesthetised Rats}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Previous studies have shown increased ET concentrations in plasma and renal tissues in ischemic or toxic acute renal failure (ARF). These increments were parallel to a reduction of renal blood flow and progression of renal dysfunction. The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential beneficial effect of the novel selective ETA antagonist (UK-350,926), on tissue damages occurring during the early phase of ischemia-reperfusion induced ARF. Materials & Methods: In pentobarbital (60 mg/kg, I.P) anaesthetized male Charles River rats’ (290-340 g) abdomens were opened via a mid abdominal incision. The urinary bladder was cannulated and renal arteries and veins of both kidneys were carefully cleared. After 2h rest, a 0.5 h clearance period was taken for basal levels, followed by two 30 min periods, and then a 4h experimental clearance period was considered. Finally, both kidneys were removed and fixed in paraffin for histological studies. The rats were divided into three groups (n=6): 1) Sham Group, 2) Ischemia/reperfusion Group (I/R), in which 30 min after the end of control clearance period, renal ischemia was induced by bilateral renal artery clamp for 30min, and 3) drug treated Group (I/R+D) in which UK-350,926 (50 μg/kg.min) was infused I.V. for 30 min before and 2h after renal clamping. Results: Histological examinations of the kidneys showed mild degree of tissue damage in cortex of I/R group. There was marked apoptosis and disappearance of brush border in proximal tubular cells in this group that was not observed in I/R+D and sham group. Conclusion: These findings show that administration of the ETA antagonist, UK-350,926, improved the renal tissue damages that were parallel to improved reabsorptive function of the kidney.}, Keywords = {Acute renal ,failure,Ischemia/Reperfusion, Endothelin,ETA receptor }, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {29-37}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-727-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-727-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Mostafavi, SA and Shatalebi, MA and Yazdanian, M}, title = {Comparison of New Formulation of Diclofenac Diethylamonium Emulgel with Standard Preparation}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Oral route is a common route of administration for anti-inflammatory drugs including diclofenac. Due to some disadvantages of this route, the alternative routes of administrations are considered. The skin has been increasingly important in this regard, and many drugs have been formulated intradermal delivery systems. The purpose of this study was to prepare a topical diclofenac formulation emulgel with appropriate skin penetration and compare it with standard formulation. Materials & Methods: To prepare the formulation, we used the emulsion form. Several formulations containing different kinds and amounts of diclofenac salts, different emulsifying agents, and different HPMC concentrations were prepared. The skin penetration was evaluated by using Franz cell apparatus and the concentrations of diclofenac were determined in the receptor phase of Franz cell using spectrophotometer. The in vivo absorption of diclofenac was evaluated by determination of drug in urine. The concentration of drug was determined by HPLC. Results: In selected formulation, 85% of drug was released after 4 hours from formulation which was similar to drug released from standard formulation. The values of coefficient variation for HPLC method were utmost 15%. The range of variation in measurement was between 10 and 1000 ng/ml. Conclusion: The selected formulation had appropriate physicochemical properties. We were unable to measure drug concentrations in urine by the constructed HPLC, therefore it can be suggested that one should determine drug concentration in synovial fluid as the drug is concentrated in it.}, Keywords = {Sodium Diclofenac ,Emulgel,Skin absorption}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {39-49}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-728-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-728-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Hassanzadeh, J and Eshraghian, MR and Mohammad, K and Salarifar, M and Fotouhi, A}, title = {Predictors of 30 ـ day Incidence of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Chest Pain}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: The previous investigations show that cardiovascular diseases, which are spreading all over our country, account for most health and social problems. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between demographic factors, medical history as well as para clinical factors and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) within a period of 30 days for patients with chest pain. Materials & Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Patients referred to the emergency department of Tehran heart centre with a chief complaint of chest pain without ST ـ segment elevation were followed for 30 days. The outcome variable was coronary artery disease. The Poisson Regression Model was applied in order to identify significant predictors of outcome. Applying this model, we could calculate Adjusted Risk Ratio and 95% confidence interval. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SAS and Stata software. Results: 609 eligible patients were enrolled. Of these 51% were male and 49% female. Based on the final model of Poisson Regression, variables like sex, blood pressure history, heart disease history, changes in electrocardiogram, WBC and CRP had meaningful relationship with CAD. Conclusion: We concluded that prognosis in patients with chest pain needed considering clinical factors (acquired through interview), electrocardiogram and lab findings. Also we were conducted not to rely on traditional risk factors such as history of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and family history of heart disease for prediction of the disease.}, Keywords = {Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Chest pain,Risk Ratio,PoissonRegression}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {51-61}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-729-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-729-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Nikbakht, MR and Gheatasi, I}, title = {Evaluation of the Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Citrullus colocynthis in Normoglycemic and Streptozocine (STZ) Induced Diabetic Male Rats}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Adverse side effects of chemical drugs for treatment of diabetes persuaded the using of medical plants. Citrullus colocynthis is a plant which has been used traditionally for treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcholic extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruit on normoglycemic and streptozocine induced diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: 45 male Wistar rats weighing, 250-350 gr, have been selected and randomly divided in seven groups. Group1 without any drugs usage, group 2 that received normal saline (IV) and distilled water (oral), group 3 received only streptozocine (IV), group 4 received only the extract of Citrullus colocynthis (1000 mg/kg), groups 5, 6 and 7 received 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg of Citrullus colocynthis extract after injection of STZ and induction of diabetes. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection (45 mg/kg) of STZ. Blood sampling was provided directly from animal heart and blood sugar was measured. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using students t-test and ANOVA. Results: Mean of normal blood sugar in control group was 156.5±15.7 mg/dl which defined as normal blood sugar. Streptozocine significantly increased blood sugar (p<0.05). The Citrullus colocynthis extract with 500 mg/kg dosage has not significantly reduced the blood sugar but is dosage of 1000 and 1500 mg/kg significantly decreased the blood sugar in a dose-dependent mode (p<0.05). Results also showed that the extract in dosage of 1000 mg/kg did not have a significant effect on normoglycemic animals. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that the extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruit dose-dependently reduced the blood glucose level in streptozocine-induced diabetic rats but did not have significant effect on normal blood sugar.}, Keywords = {Diabetes ,Streptozocin,Citrullus colocynthis , Blood sugar , Male Rat}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {63-71}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-730-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-730-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Pourmahmoodi, A and Ebrahimi, S and Kamkar, A and Babazadeh, Gh and GhaffarianShirazi, HR}, title = {A Study on Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Growth of School Children in Yasuj}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Zinc is an important nutrient which is critical for normal immune function and physical growth. Zinc deficiency seems to be common in developing countries and this makes children in those countries prone to infectious diseases. The aim of This study was to find out the effect of zinc supplementation on growth of school children in Yasuj, in Southwest of Iran. Materials & Methods: The study was done as a double – blinded clinical trial. Eight hundreds and four school children aged 8-11 were the subjects of this study. Children were randomly assigned to zinc or placebo group to receive daily supplementation of zinc or placebo, in an identical form (syrup) and identical pre-coded containers, 6 days per week, for 7 months. Anthropometric assessment was first performed at the time of enrolment and then monthly. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software. Results: Results showed significant weight gain in zinc supplemented group compared with placebo group (1.71± 1.48 VS 0.65 ± 1.98 p<0.0001). Also the mean height gain was significantly higher in zinc supplemented group than placebo group 3.26 ± 1.55 VS 1.65 ± 0.94 p<0.0001). Conclusion: Zinc supplementation improves children’s growth and measures should be taken to supply this nutrient to the children, particularly where zinc deficiency is common.}, Keywords = {Zinc , Growth,School Children}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {73-81}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-731-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-731-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Malekzadeh, J and Keshavarz, SA and Siassi, F and Kadkhodaei, M and Eshraghian, MR and DorostiMotlagh, AR and Aliehpoor, A and Chamari, M}, title = {Effects of Dietary Calcium on Body Weight, Carcass Fat Content and Adipocyte Size in Male Rats}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Calcium is a micronutrient and now receiving much attention for its doubtful effects on weight and body fatness. A few mechanisms has been suggested for calcium effects on body fatness and the most emphasized one is the reducing of lipolysis and increasing lipogenesis via reducing parathyroid hormone levels. The present study is designed to evaluate the effects of nondairy dietary calcium on adipogenesis and adipocyte size in male Sprague dawley rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was done from November to September of 2005 at Tehran school of health, nutrition department. 48 male Spragu-Dawley rats from Damgostar Company were used in three randomly selected groups. The rats were fed low (0.2% W/W), usual (0.5% W/W) and high (1.2% W/W) dietary calcium based on AIN-93M purified diet. Rats were housed in 12 hours light-dark cycle, 22-25°C room temperature with free access to their respective diets. At the end of the experiment, rats were decapitated and carcass fat content, carcass ash content and mean adipocyte size in testis, peritoneal and subcutaneous fat pads were compared in three groups. The SPSS 11.5 was used as statistical software, running analysis of variance for comparing the effects. Results: weight gain, carcass fat content and adipocyte size, in groups were not significantly different, while serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in high calcium group was significantly lower than low calcium group (p<0.05) and insignificantly lower than usual calcium group [12.36, 23.57 and 42.2 pg/dl respectively]. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol were also insignificantly lower in high calcium group. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that physiological concentration of dietary calcium is not effective on weight gain, body fatness and adipocyte size. Relatively equal fat content beside significant difference in serum parathyroid hormone levels is against the parathyroid theory of calcium effects on body fatness. Finally we do not suggest any effect for calcium on body fatness and adipocyte size.}, Keywords = {Dietary Calcium, Obesity, Adipocyte}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {83-93}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-732-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-732-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Tarig, SH and Allahyary, E}, title = {Assessment of Arterial Oxygen Saturation by Pulse Oximetry Before, During and After Electroconvulsive Therapy}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used widely in psychiatric practice. The goal of anesthesia for ECT is the prevention of complications such as discomfort, fractures, aspiration of gastric contents and hypoxia. However, general anesthesia can cause some adverse effects as hypoxia. Prevention and treatment of hypoxia is important due to its undesirable effects on seizure duration and cardiovascular system. This study was designed to detect the incidence and probable times of desaturation in patients receiving ECT. Materials & Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out on 100 patients (18-50 y/o) with ASA I or II who were scheduled for ECT. After pre-oxygenation and similar anesthesia induction the patients received ECT. The patients were ventilated by oxygen and face masked until the return of their spontaneous respiration with adequate tidal volume and respiratory rate. Then they were transferred to recovery room where there was no oxygen supplementation. Oxygen saturation was measured by a Nell core pulse oximeter and was recorded at six stages: before and after anesthesia induction, during ECT, after ECT, 5 minutes after entering recovery room and before leaving there. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software Results: Data analysis revealed that desaturation was not noticed at any stage except for the 5th stage (5 minutes after entering recovery room), when 13% of patients developed Sao2% less than 90%. Also there was a significant difference between Sao2% of patients between this stage (5th) and other stages (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to our findings, appropriate oxygen supplementation and pulse oximetry monitoring during recovery period after ECT can be recommend}, Keywords = {Arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2%),Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),Pulse Oximetry}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {93-101}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-733-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-733-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Fakhar, M and Motazedian, MH and Asgari, Q and Mohebali, M and Mehrabani, D}, title = {A New Endemic Focus of Visceral Leishmaniosis in Southeren IRAN}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is endemic in some parts of Iran. Mediterranean type of disease is present in Iran where its causative agent is Leishmania infantum and dogs are the main reservoirs. Since many cases of the disease were reported from Noor-abad, in Fars provine, we aimed to carry out an epidemiological survey on VL in human and animal reservoirs (dogs) in Mahoor-Milaty district of Noor-Abad city at WestNorth of Fars province. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive survey, blood samples were randomly collected from all children 10 years old, 10% of the adult population and 20% of the dogs kept by owners in Mahoor-Milaty villages drawn by systematic sampling. The specimens were subjected to direct agglutination test (DAT) on serum and PCR on whole blood. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software. Results: Of the 321 human samples, 234 samples belonged to children 10 years old and 87 samples were from adults. 182 (56.7%) out of 321 samples were prepared from males and 139 (43.3%) from females. Totally, 6 cases (1.86%) of human samples showed specific Leishmania antibodies with titers 1:3200 or higher by DAT. Of the 19 dog samples, 5 cases (26.3%) showed specific Leishmania antibodies with titers 1:160 or higher. Likewise, kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) of Leishmania infantum was identified in 6 cases (31.5%) of all dogs by PCR with specific primers on whole blood. None of these cases had seropositive titer. Conclusion: Results of this study show that dogs are the main sources of infection for human visceral leishmaniasis in this region and VL is endemic in Mahoor-Milaty district where the incidence rate of human VL cases has recently been increased. Besides it seems that PCR method is a good tool for primary screening of dogs' blood samples with overt or cryptic VL infection}, Keywords = {Visceral leishmaniasis, Endemic,Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR),Direct Agglutination Test(DAT),}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {103-113}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-734-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-734-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Zahiroddin, AR and Karamad, A}, title = {Report of a Rare Case of Olanzapine and Risperidone Induced Hypomania}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: Hypomania is a mood disorder with symptoms of constantly high expansive or irritable mood. After a 4-day period, the patient feels to be in need of less sleep, being talkative, or feeling pressure if not treated kindly, having flight of ideas, distractibility, and increase in goal oriented activities (including social, occupational, educational or sexual activities) and being extravagant. Hypomania could be a mood episode of bipolar I and II mood disorder or cyclothymia and could be resulted from consumption of drugs, materials, Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) or photo therapy. Case: The present report is the case of a 57-year old married woman, who has had a record of bipolar I mood disorder since 30 years ago. The patient was hospitalized once in psychiatry hospital and referred to psychiatry office 2 years ago. She has been under medication therapy by lithium 600 mg, nortriptyline 75 mg, and colonazpam 1 mg. She has taken risperidone 2 mg, the symptoms of hypomania have revealed. After stopping the consumption of risperidone, the treatment continued by lithium tablet 900 mg, eskazina tablet 4 mg, nortriptyline 75 mg for one day. She was under care for 15 months and then due to muscle complications of lithium, pessimism, auditory and visual hallucination, she was recommended to take olanzapine tablet 5 mg once every night. Two days after taking olanzapine the symptoms of hypomania revealed. Consumption of olanzapine was then stopped and the symptoms disappeared and she was brought under control after taking sodiumvalproate tablet. Conclusion: Rarely could Hypomania be a mood episode induced by consuming atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone and olanzapine.}, Keywords = {Hypomania,Risperidone,Olanzapine }, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {115-122}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-735-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-735-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Rabani, SMR}, title = {Gossypiboma (Retained Bladder Surgical Sponge ): A Case Report}, abstract ={Introduction & Objective: It is estimated that in abdominal and pelvic surgery, foreign bodies remain in one in 1500 operations. Here we report a rare kind of retained surgical sponge in the bladder of a patient that underwent open prostatectomy. Case: The patient is a 60 years old rural man from Yasuj, which came with malodor urine with obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms. He had a history of open prostatectomy 19 months ago. Evaluation revealed, cloudy urine, negative urine culture, normal PSA and normal findings in genitourinary tract sonography. The patient underwent surgery and the bladder was opened through the previous incision. The retained sponge was removed and the patient became symptom free in post operation period. Conclusion: Retained bladder sponge may be tolerated by the patient even for a long period of time. In spite of being a foreign body the patient may only complaint for obstructive and irritative voiding symptoms, which may be common in postprostatectomic patients (bladder instability).}, Keywords = {Surgical Sponge,Foreign body of bladder,Prostatectomy}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {123-128}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-736-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-736-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Allahyry, E and Tarig, SH and Chohedri, AH and Fattahi, ZS and Talei, F}, title = {Comparison of Preoperative Administration of Rectal Diclofenac and Acetaminophen for Reducing Post Operative Pain in Septorhinoplastic Surgeries}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Post operative pain is usually treated by opioids, which is expensive and may induce various side effects. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been considered recently for controlling pain due to their cheapness, fewer side effects and availability. This study compares the analgesic efficacy of preoperative administration of single dose of rectally diclofenac and acetaminophen for post operative analgesia in septorhinoplasty, one of the most common head and neck surgeries. Materials & Methods: Sixty adult patients with ASA =1 underwent septorhinoplasty were randomly divided into two equal groups. Thirty minutes before induction of anesthesia, 100 mg diclofenac suppository and 325 mg of rectal acetaminophen were given to group I and group II respectively. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia were similar in all patients. Then the severity of pain was graded 1, 2 and 4 hours after operation according to Visual Analogue Scale. Also the first time of analgesic request and total administered dose of analgesics were assessed by another person in all patients. Results: Results revealed that severity of pain in diclofenac group in all three defined times was significantly less than that in the other group (p<0.05). Also the average of first time analgesic request in group 1 and 2 was 205 and 97 minutes respectively and the average dose of administered pehtidine was 12.25 mg in diclofenac and 37.15 mg in acetaminophen group. Conclusion: The pre-operative administration of rectal diclofenac was more effective for post septorhioplasty analgesia than the rectal acetaminophen and thus it could be used and recommended as a safe, compensive and effective method for post operative pain relief in this common surgery.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Diclofenac,Acetaminophen,Septorhinoplasty,Post operative analgesia}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-737-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-737-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Araghchian, M and Safari, MR and Sheikh, N and Zeraati, F}, title = {Effects of Fructose on Plasma Lipids in Male Rats}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the most countries. Its development is determined by genetic and environmental factors. The major known risk factors are elevated LDL and reduced HDL. There is a direct correlation between these factors and dietary intake. Fructose intake has increased during the past years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the consequences of short-term fructose consumption on plasma lipids in male rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was performed in pharmacology department of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2005. Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were recruited, divided into two groups of 15, and were fed either 10% fructose in drinking water for 2 weeks or drinking water. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and HDL was measured on the first and fifteenth days. All the data were compared with T student test and analyzed with SPSS software. Results: The concentration of serum triglycerides, cholesterol on the fifteenth day were not significantly different as compared with the first day whereas the concentration of LDL and HDL were significantly different between day 15 and day 1 (p<0.05). The ratio of LDL/HDL, Cholesterol/HDL and triglyceride/HDL on day 15 wee significantly different as compared with day 1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, it can be suggested that fructose intake for short period increases the CHD risk factors}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Fructose,Plasma Lipids,Rat }, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-16}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-738-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-738-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Zahiri, SH and Dezfulian, AR and Dehghani, F}, title = {The Protective Role of Galium Aparine on Cisplatin – Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Cisplatin is a potent antineoplastic drug. The beneficial effects of the drug are limited by its nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this study is to introduce sterological meothds (Estimation of mean glomerular volume) to determine the toxicity of drug & examine the Galium aparine (a traditional herbal plant) as a protective agent. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was done in histology department in Ahwaz University of medical sciences in 1380. 70 Spraque–Dwally male rats were iselected randomly and divided into 7 groups as below: two control groups (one for drug & one for plant), five experimental groups one treated by acute dose of drug (7.5 mg/kg, IP) and other groups treated with 4 doses of hydroalcholic extract of plants (4, 8, 16, 32 mg/kg) half an hour before receiving drug orally. Animals were sacrified 96 hour after receiving the drugs and their right kidneys were processed for stereological assessment based on cavalier method. Statistical analysis of data from calculation of mean glomerular volume was done by ANOVA and two sided-dunet test, using SPSS software. Results: The results based on cavalier method, showed an increase in mean glomerular volume in all the groups that were treated with drug, whereas lower grade of glomerulomegaly was seen in those groups which received higher doses (16 & 32 mg/kg) of plant’s extract (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin was even observed in quantitative parameters of kidney (e.g. increasing the mean glomerular volume) but by using Galim apain’s extract this side effect can be reduced significantly. Moreover stereological techniques are valuable tools for studying the drug effects in all organs of the body.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Cisplatin,Stereology,Nephrotoxicity,Cavalieri method,Galium aparine,Glomerulomegaly}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-26}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-739-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-739-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Sarkari, B and Fakhar, M and Ebrahimi, MH and Hatam, GH and Kalantari, M and Rezanejad, H}, title = {Characterization of Leishmania Parasites Isolated From Kala- azar Patients in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad, Using Semi-Nested PCR}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease commonly known as Kala-azar caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania including L. donovani, L. infantum and L. chagasi. VL is sporadic in many areas of Iran and is endemic in a few provinces such as Fars, Azarbayjan, Bushehr, Ardabil and Qom. VL has been reported from some areas of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad and this study aimed to characterize the causative agent of VL in this region. Materials & Methods: Bone marrow sample was obtained from 6 VL patients from children department in Imam Sajad hospital in Yasuj. DNA was extracted from the obtained samples and was checked by semi-nested PCR to determine the species of the parasite. To do that, a segment of minicircle kinetoplast DNA was amplified, using LINR4 and LIN17 primers. Products of PCR were evaluated by electrophoresis, using 1.5% agarose and stained with ethidium bromide. Results: Parasitologically examination of bone marrow smears demonstrated amastigotes form of the parasite in the samples. For mass cultivation, isolated parasites were cultured in diphasic NNN followed by RPMI 1640 media. All the samples produced a 720 bp band in PCR assay. The isolates were compared with referent strains and it was revealed that all the isolates were L. infantum. Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrated that the causative agent of VL in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad was L. infantum. Further study is needed to explore other aspects of VL in this region.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Leishmania, Kala azar, Semi-nested PCR}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-34}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-740-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-740-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Minaiyan, M and Tavakoli, N and Momeni, A and Ahmadi, F}, title = {Clinical Evaluation of a Topical Doxepin Cream (5%) in Treatment of Eczema}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Eczema is one of the most common pruritic skin disorders for which various treatments are used to relieve the symptoms. There are several reports about the efficacy and in part safety of topical doxepin in the treatment of pruritic dermal diseases. However, lack of a suitable topical preparation from this drug in our country persuaded us to design the present trial. Materials & Methods: A randomized, double blind, placebo- controlled and multi- centeral clinical trial was carried out in Isfahan during the years of 1383-84 by using 60 volunteers and both the drug and placebo were given QID for 8 days. The efficacy, side effects and their relevance to sex and age of subjects were assessed before, during and after the treatment. The data were analyzed using non-parametric tests including Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Kendall Tau where appropriate. Results: Results indicated that doxepin cream effectively reduced disease symptoms including pruritus (75.5%), inflammation (43.8%) skin dryness (37.5%) exudates (59.5%), lichenification (41.5%), and eczema (41.5%) after the course of treatment (the day of 8). Same results were obtained by using placebo. Stinging as an adverse effect was occurred in both the drug (30 %) and placebo (27%) groups. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference between the two groups, it can be concluded that doxepin cream (5 %) is effective in depressing the signs and symptoms of pruritic skin disorders. A larger clinical trial is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the product more precisely.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Clinical evaluation,Doxepin, Eczema,Skin, Topical cream}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-43}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-741-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-741-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Neghab, M and Rahimi, E and Emad, A and RajaeeiFard, AR}, title = {Epidemiological Study of Respiratory Disorders Induced by Occupational Inhalation of Talc Powder in Rubber Factory Workers in Shiraz}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Talc powder is extensively used as a lubricant in rubber industry. However the nature of its respiratory effects, if any, has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the pulmonary reactions associated with occupational exposure to talc dust. Materials & Methods: This is a analytical study in which 97 talc-exposed workers and 110 unexposed employees as the reference group were randomly selected from a local rubber industry. Standardized respiratory questionnaires were administered to the subjects. They underwent chest X-ray and were examined by a specialist for any possible respiratory abnormality to be diagnosed. Furthermore, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) were performed just before and after the work shift. Moreover, to assess the extent of exposure to talc dust, using standard methods, inhaleable and respirable dust concentrations were measured in different dusty worksites. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software. Results: The average (mean ± SD) age (years), weight (kg), height (cm) and duration of exposure to talc dust (years) for the exposed group were 35.8±6.75, 73.1±9.2, 173.2±5.9 and 11.79±5.3 respectively. The corresponding values for the non-exposed group were 36.1±6.87, 73.36±8.1, 172.2±5.7 and 0±0, respectively. Atmospheric concentrations of inhaleable and respirable talc dust were found to be 41.8±23.52 and 19.8±8.04 mg/m3, (mean ± SD), respectively. Talc exposed subjects had a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Similarly, PFTs revealed that exposure to this lubricating agent was associated with significant decreases in the mean percentage predicted of vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). Moreover, there was a sharp reduction in some parameters of pulmonary function such as VC, FVC and FEV1, over the work shift. Chest radiographs of exposed workers showed evidence of chronic inflammatory process. Conclusion: These results which are in full agreement with the preliminary observations support the notion that occupational exposure to talc is associated with both acute and chronic respiratory disorders and induces bronchitis and interstitial lung disease.}, Keywords = {KEY WORDS: Talc,Rubber Producing Factory,Respiratory disorders}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-54}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-742-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Eskandarian, R and Mosavi, SH and Shiasi, M and Momeni, B and Zahmatkesh, M}, title = {A Study on Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori in Acute Coronary Syndrome}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Coronary artery disease is the main cause of mortality in developing countries like Iran. Due to failure of classic risk factors to completely explain epidemiologic variability of the disease, other risk factors, for example infection diseases are under investigation. One of these infectious agents is Helicobacter pylori which have been investigated in numerous studies. This study was designed to assess the controversies about Helicobacter pylori prevalence in acute coronary syndrome, Materials & Methods: All the patients with ACS including unstable angina and myocardial infarction who referred to Fatemie Hospital between 20 Feb 2003 to 9 Feb 2004 and were admitted in CCU ward were included in this cross–sectional study. A total of 411 patients with ACS were evaluated for prevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibody. Results: Mean age of patients was 59.97and 56% of them were male. The serological test for Helicobacter pylori infection was positive in 45.6% of cases, negative in 43.8% and borderline in 10.6% of patients. 191 patients had unstable angina and 220 patients had myocardial infarction. Conclusion: This study showed that prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with acute coronary syndrome was not high. Thus acute or chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori could not be a risk factor for ACS.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Helicobacter pylori, Acute coronary syndrome, Prevalence }, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-64}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-743-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-743-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Emad, MR and Najafi, SH}, title = {The Effect of Provocative Tests on Electrodiognosis of Clinical Carpal Tunnel Syndrome}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Nerve conduction study is the most sensitive test for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). This test is normal in some patients with mild CTS. Median nerve conduction study evaluation after a provocative test (e.g. wrist flexion) may be helpful for diagnosis of mild CTS. This study aimed to determine the effect of wrist flexion on median nerve conduction in patients suspected to CTS and in healthy subjects. Materials & Methods: In this case-controlled study, 20 patients (20 hands) with clinical signs of CTS and normal routine electrodiagnosis test results and 20 healthy subjects were investigated. Measured parameters included: median nerve distal sensory latency (DSL), nerve conduction velocity (NCV), compound nerve action potential (CNAP), distal motor latency (DML) and compound muscle action potential amplitude (CMAP AMP). The above noted parameters were measured before and after 5 minutes of full wrist flexion. Data were collected by filling out a questionnaire and were analyzed using Paired T-test. Results: Distal Sensory Latency increment and NCV decrement after 5 minutes wrist flexion in the patients group were statistically significant (p<0.05). The same parameters did not show a significant incremental or decremental change in the control group. Conclusion: Median nerve DSL and NCV measurement after 5 minutes wrist flexion may be helpful in determining more sensitive parameters in the electrodiagnosis of CTS.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Median nerve, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), Electrodiagnostic tests, Provocative test}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-73}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Yazdanpanah, P and GhaffarianShirazi, HR and Hatamipour, Y and Shariatinia, F and Vafaei, F}, title = {Prevalence of Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Dena Township in 2004}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease of human with prevalence of 1 to 4 percent. Peripheral neuropathy is one of the chronic complications of diabetes and its prevalence is not properly known, but worldwide is from 5 to 66 percent. The prevalence of this complication is not known in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in definite cases of diabetes type 2 and related factors in Dena town-ship in fall 2004. Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study that 40 definite cases of type 2 diabetes )28 females and 12 males( whose duration of disease were between 5 to 25 years were selected randomly. After informing and taking history and physical examination of the subjects, the nerve conduction study and electromyography were performed for them. Then the data were analyzed by SPSS software and X2 and Fischer exact tests. Results: Results of this study showed that prevalence of diabetes in urban and rural areas of Dena township were 1 and 0.8 percent respectively. Prevalence of neuropathy was 52.5% which comprised of 17.5% peripheral neuropathy, 22.5% carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and 12.5% combined form. The distal symmetrical sensorimotor peripheral polyneuropathy and carpal tunnel syndrome were the most common peripheral neuropathy and entrapment mononeuropathy, respectively. In this study, there were no significant statistical correlation between peripheral neuropathy and sex, age, duration of diabetes, fasting blood sugar, underlying disease, retinopathy and nephropathy, but significant correlation was found between mononeuropaty (CTS) and fasting blood sugar. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes high prevalence of neuropathy (peripheral neuropathy & mononeuropathy) which is not related to duration of diabetes, retinopathy, nephropathy, age and underlying disease. We concluded that early diagnosis of disease could be done by educating of people and this can lead to a decrease in complications of diabetes.}, Keywords = {KEY WORDS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus,Peripheral neuropathy, Prevalence}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {75-81}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-746-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-746-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Enayati, MS and Heidarei, A and Malekzadeh, M and Abolfathi, Y}, title = {Comparison of the General Health, Self-Esteem and Social Support in Self-Inflicted Burn Patients and Non Self Inflicted Burn Patients of the Choromy Accidental and Burning Hospital of Ganaveh}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Self-inflicted burn is a violent method of suicide. Since our society faces lots of psychological, social, personal and economical problems due to self-inflicted burn, more survey for this event can assist us to know its causes and prevent from its occurrence. This research was carried out to compare general health, self- esteem and social support in patient's self-inflicted burn and non-self-inflicted burn of the Choromy accidental and burning hospital in Ganaveh. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive – analytic study. The sample consisted of 60 inpatients burnt (males & females) of the Choromy accidental and burning hospital (Ganaveh). The method of sampling was simple random. Participants completed the General Health Questionnaire (G.H.Q- 28) of Goldberg, Cooper Smith’s questionnaire of self–esteem and Philip’s social support scale. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and T-test were the major statistical analysis in this research. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the general health were 44.57 ± 14.65 for self-inflicted burn persons and for non - self inflicted burn they were 10.83 ± 6.27. In the self–esteem variable, the mean and the standard deviation were 57.90 ± 4.94 for self-inflicted burn persons and 55.47 ± 6.04 for non-self inflicted burn ones. Mean and standard deviation of whole social supporting were 20.40 ± 4.94 for self-inflicted burn persons and 23.73 ± 1.17 for non-self inflicted burn group. The findings showed significant differences between the two groups from viewpoint of general health and social supporting while there were no significant differences between two groups in case of self–esteem. Conclusion: There are a significant relationship between general health, social supporting and self-inflicted burn.Therefore, in order to prevent self inflicted burn it is suggested that we make a relationship between persons and societies, families, groups and different institutes.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Self inflicted burn,Non self inflicted, General Health, Self esteem,Social support}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {83-92}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-750-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-750-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {GhaffarianShirazi, H and GhaffarianShirazi, AR and Hatamipoor, E and Moosavizadeh, A and Ghaedi, H and MohammadiBaghmallaei, M and Jabarnejad, A}, title = {Survival Rate and its Related Factors in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: It has been noted that the myocardial infarction is an increasing episode in Islamic Republic of Iran and there are many procedures and methods which can help to reduce the number of death from this ongoing event. The aim of this study was to determine the survival rate in those patients who have had acute myocardial infarction and its association with different variables. Materials & Methods: This descriptive analytic study evaluates 111 cases of acute myocardial infarction admitted in Yasuj Imam Sajjad hospital during the year 2004 and 2005. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was completed through direct interviewing by trained personnel. The data were analyzed by standard statistical tests using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of patients was 57± 12 years. The mean time of having access to physician after MI was 4 ± 2.2 hours. The mean time of reaching hospital after physician order was 5 ± 4.9 hours. The mean time of hospitalization was 4 ± 1.67 days. Considering the past history of these patients revealed that 31 percent were smokers, 16 percent had the history of previous ischemic heart disease, 63 percent had hypertension, 8 percent had diabetes mellitus, 95 percent had clip I, 95 percent had no previous block, 82 percent had MI with Q wave. The survival rate in our study was found to be 0.91 in the first 10 hours, 0.847 in the first day, 0.829 in the first 28 days, 0.820 in the first third months, 0.792 in the first six months and 0.771 in the first 10 months of disease. Conclusion: The mortality rate during the first month among the patients with heart failure turned out to be higher than that of the other similar studies performed in other parts of the country however, the annual survival rate proved to be less. The most important causes of survival after the stroke are being single, smoking, fatness and angina pain}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS:Myocardial Infarction,survival rate, Risk Factors}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {97-104}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-753-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-753-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Basirat, Z and Bayat, R and Saravi, M}, title = {Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare but sometimes fatal form of heart failure during the period of 1 month antepartum to 5 months postpartum. The aim of this report is to assess the clinical presentation, management and crucial role of echocardiography in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy. Case: A 22 year-old woman, with previously healthy primipara, was admitted to the emergency ward with sever dyspnea, cough, and bloody hemoptesis and a preliminary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) two weeks after cesarean section. Neither perfusion scintigaphy nor Doppler sonography test of lower extremities and pelvis showed any evidence of PE or deep venous thrombosis. Echocardiography revealed features of left ventricular failure. A diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy was made, appropriate treatment was administered and the patient improved. Conclusion: It is possible to misdiagnose peripartum cardiomyopathy with PE. Echocardiography is a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis. As a noninvasive procedure, it should be performed at the bedside as soon as possible to introduce proper treatment and to avoid potentially fatal errors.}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Peripartum cardiomyopathy , Pulmonary embolism , Congestive heart failure }, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {105-111}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-755-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-755-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Namazi, H and Mozaffarian, K}, title = {Presentation the Rare Manifestation of Osteoid Osteoma with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome : A Case Report}, abstract ={ABSTRACT: Introduction & Objective: Osteoid osteoma is rarely located in the carpal bones. The clinical presentation is pain exacerbated at night but there is some unusual presentation that makes the diagnosis difficult. The aim of this article is to present the rare manifestation of this tumor. Case: The case is a 27 year old lady with pain in thumb, index and middle finger which exacerbated at night. Pain was constant, progressive with exacerbation at night that awakes the patient at 3-4 A.M. The patient's symptoms did not relieve after carpal tunnel decompression. Due to refractory pain, the patient was dependent on analgesics. There was pain on wrist motion when she was examined. The Phalen test was positive, but Tinel test was negative. Electrodiagnostic study showed decrease median nerve conduction velocity. Radiographic study showed tumor and C.T scan documented it. Conclusion: This is the first case of osteoid osteoma with carpal tunnel syndrome. It seems that radiography in patients with refractory carpal tunnel syndrome is necessary}, Keywords = {KEYWORDS: Osteoid osteoma,Carpal Tunnel Syndrome}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {113-118}, publisher = {Yasuj University Of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-756-en.html}, eprint = {http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-756-en.pdf}, journal = {Armaghane Danesh}, issn = {1728-6506}, eissn = {1728-6514}, year = {2006} }